ChangingRISKS - changing pattern of landslide risks as response to global changes in mountain areas

University of Vienna, Austria – T. Glade, C. Promper, H. Petschko

CNRS, Strasbourg, France – J.-P. Malet, A. Remaître, A. Puissant

CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain – S. Bégueria, G. Sanchez, R. Serrano

Final Meeting, 26-27 September 2013, Barcelona

: changing pattern of landslide

risks as a response to global

changes in mountain areas

KEY RESEARCH QUESTION

Can we identify changes in landslide hazard (susceptibility, frequency,

magnitude) and landslide risks (vulnerability, costs) associated to climate and

landuse change scenarios?

What indicators to express these possible changes?

(modified from Glade & Crozier, 2005)

CONCEPT AND METHODOLOGY

Definition of time series & maps of actual/changing predisposing/triggering factors

Creation of actual and ‘changed’ landslide hazard maps

Definition of ‘changed’ maps of landcover and socio-economic factors

Creation of actual and ‘changed’ landslide risks maps




STAKEHOLDERS

Indicators of changes

Maps


Definition of ‘changed’ maps of landcover and socio-economic factors

Creation of actual and ‘changed’ landslide risks maps



METHOD

Comparative analysis of 2 study areas with different environmental conditions

and different exposures to landslide risks

Stakeholder:

Geological Survey & Spatial Planning and Regional Policy

Division of the Federal Government of Lower Austria

Stakeholder:

Service de Restauration des Terrains en Montagne

WAIDHOFFEN AN DER YBBS, LOWER AUSTRIA

Landslides and damages

Mudflows

Shallow slides

BARCELONNETTE, SOUTH FRENCH ALPS

Landslides and damages

Faucon, 1996 La Valette

Large mudslides Debris flows

Faucon, 2003

PROJECT ORGANIZATION: TASKS

Flowchart of project tasks

Hazard analysis (Starwars,

Probstab

MassMove)

Landslide inventories

Observed probability of occurrence

Magnitude-frequency relationships

Susceptibility analysis (multivariate modelling)

local scale / hot-spot (e.g. 1:5000 – 1:2000)

regional scale (e.g. 1:25.000 – 1:10.000)

Scale of analysis

landslide inventory maps / rainfall thresholds

conditionning factors maps

WORKPACKAGE 1

Cepeda & Devoli (2008)

Montgomery D R et al.

Geology 2000;28:311-314

Landslide:

Geomorphologic mapping, aerial photo-interpretation,

historical archives, etc.

Climate:

Synoptic analysis, rainfall antecedent condition, rainfall

thresholds (mean & peak intensities), etc.

Landcover:

Landcover mapping at different dates (from 1956 to

present) using historical archives and aerial photograph

TE

CH

NIQ

UE

S

RESULTS

Landslide inventory maps

Barcelonnette:

- high number of fast-moving landslides (south-facing slope)

- large slow-moving slides with fluidization (black marls outcrops)

- many slow moving roto-translational slides (moraine deposits)

- more than 200 landslide events for the period 1950-2011

update for temporal assessment (PhD. R. Schlögel)

Barcelonnette – point data: 1740 - 2010

Barcelonnette – polygon data: aerial photo-interpretation

RESULTS

Landslide inventory maps

Waidhofen/Ybbs:

more than 650 landslide events for the period 1950-2012

(using orthophotographs interpretation : 1962, 1979, 1988 and

ALS inventory)

>80% of the events were slides

update for temporal assessment (PhD. C. Promper)

Waidhofen/Ybbs – point data: 1950 - 2012

0

5

10

15

20

25

Lan

dsl

ide

s ac

cord

ing

to a

rea

(%)

square meters

200m² classes

1000m² classes >600m² class

Climate classification: analysis of synoptic weather situations

Landslide triggering factors analysis

RESULTS

(1) polar air-mass penetrating through

the Mediterranean sea (P med)

(2) polar air-mass penetrating through

the Atlantic ocean or the North sea

(Pm)

(3) degraded polar air-mass penetrating

through the Atlantic ocean or the

North sea (Pm d)

(4) tropical air-mass penetrating through

the Mediterranean sea (T med)

(5) tropical air-mass penetrating through

the Atlantic ocean (Tm)

(6) continental tropical air-mass (T cont)



RESULTS

When the air mass is crossing the

Mediterranean see (P med or T

med), most of the events corresponds

to debris flows (24 cases out of 32).

This must be put in relation with the

occurrence of strong and fast

thunderstorm in summer


RESULTS

There are no specific relationship

between the occurrence of slow-

moving landslide and a specific air

mass type.

Nevertheless for a specific type (Pm),

90% of the events are slow-moving

landslides. This can be put in relation

with the seasonal frequency of such

air-masses type in the South French

Alps. Indeed, most of these air

masses are crossing the study area in

Winter or early Spring.



RESULTS

Rainfall patterns: antecedent cumulative rainfalls and seasonal patterns

Waidhofen/Ybbs

Barcelonnette


RESULTS

Rainfall patterns: daily rainfall

•Type A: this situation is characterized by heavy daily

rainfall following a 30-days dry period. For most of the

observed events, this climate situation corresponds to

violent generalized summer storms

•Type B: this situation exhibits the same pattern as Type

A except that the rainfall event has been recorded in a

single rain gauge as the other rain gauges have recorded

nothing or just a small amount of precipitation. In this

case, the convective summer storm is localized in a small

area (typically a single crest)

•Type C: this situation is characterized by heavy

cumulative rainfall distributed over a very rainy period of

30 days. This climate situation characterizes either the

progressive saturation of the topsoil, the rising of a

permanent groundwater table and the build-up of positive

pore pressures.

•Type D: this situation characterizes absence of rainfall

events for a given day of occurrence of a landslides or a

debris-flow event. This can be related to two main

explanations: (a) the triggering is due to a rapid snow

melt without any liquid rain, (b) the rainfall occurs as a

localized hailstorm not recorded by the rainfall station.

Daily rainfall vs mass movement: probabilities of mass m.

occurrence for daily rainfall categories…


RESULTS

Rainfall patterns: daily rainfall

Calculations based on the antecedent daily rainfall model (Crozier & Eyles 1980; extended by Glade et al., 2000)

The decay of antecedent conditions is based on hydrology data, which represent the drainage of a given catchment

Rainfall thresholds: antecedent rainfall approach


Certainty

No landslide

Landslide not certain

Landslide certain

Da

ily P

rec

ipit

ati

on

in

mm

[10 Days]

-> Differences between winter and summer months

-> Winter: Less daily precipitation required to trigger

landslides

-> Generally: Precipitation on the day of occurrence is much

more important than the previous antecedent rainfall

-> Landslide triggering rainfall events occurred mostly in

summer when events with relatively high precipitation of

continental depressions occur.

Wallner S. (2012) Niederschlagsschwellenwerte für die Auslösung von Hangrutschungen – in progress

RESULTS

Calculations based on the rainfall intensity threshold method (Caine, 1980; Montgomery et al., 2000)

The rainfall intensity is based on the total amount of rainfall for a given duration (1h; 2h; 6h; 12h; 24h), which may

trigger or reactivate a landslide

Rainfall thresholds: intensity-duration approach


Peak intensity associated to debris flows and mudslides triggering

-> Events characterized by high rainfall intensity and

short episode duration (i.e. mostly the result of localized

convective storms) will trigger mostly debris flows and

shallow slides in relatively permeable soils (e.g. moraines,

scree slopes or poorly sorted slope deposits).

-> Long rainfall periods characterized by low to moderate

average and peak rainfall intensity (i.e. the result of

multiple and successive storms during a period of several

weeks or months) can trigger or reactivate shallow and

deep-seated mudslides in low permeability soils and rocks

(e.g., black marls, clay-rich material).

RESULTS



RESULTS

101

100

101

100

Duration (h)

Intensity (mm/h)

A14d (

mm

)Generalization of I-D model

DAI n ][ 2

1

where:

I, D and as in ID model

An: antecedent n-day precipitation (mm)

1 and 2: constants of the model Cepeda, Nadim, Høeg & Elverhøi (2009)



RESULTS

101

100

101

100

Duration (h)

Intensity (mm/h)

A23d (

mm

)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

logD

logI

0 = 7.75787+-3.37368 logD+-12.2519 logI

No debris flow

Debris flow

5163.16788.0

232.181 DAI d

275.0297.4 DI

for debris flows, a traditional ID threshold is sufficient

+ triggering rainfall 1 to 9 hrs

+ no need of antecedent rain

for slides, an improved performance is achieved with the IAD model

+ triggering rainfall 3 to 17 hrs

+ need of antecedent rain of 50 days

meteorological paramater maps

landcover maps



1897

2003

quantitative

scenarios ->

WORKPACKAGE 2

Climate:

Use of downscaled times series from

Newtech (Max-Planck-IM), Gach2c

(Meteo-France) & SafeLand (CMCC

S.c.a.r.l) projects 1970-2000 / 2070-2100

Landcover:

DYNA-CLUE model scenarios TE

CH

NIQ

UE

S

Climate modelling

Dataset: station (observed) data

• Network of six meteo stations with

daily precipitation data in the

Barcelonnette area

• Summer Pndq0.9 computed for

each station

• Gridded data, 0.035º resolution

(aprox. 4 km)

• Model CMCC-CM1 (downscaling

driven by ECHAM4-REMO

GCM/RCM)

• Radiative / emmission scenarios:

CMIP5 (control), RCP4.5/RCP8.5

(future)

• Periods: reference (1965–2000)

and future (2001–2050)

Dataset: GCM data

1. Scoccimarro E., S. Gualdi, A. Bellucci, A. Sanna, P.G. Fogli, E. Manzini, M. Vichi, P. Oddo, and A. Navarra, 2011: Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Ocean Heat Transport in a High

Resolution Coupled General Circulation Model. Journal of Climate, 24, 4368-4384.

Example: precipitation field in Barcelonnette

of 1st January 1965

RESULTS

0,0

200,0

400,0

600,0

800,0

1000,0

1200,0

XX71 XX72 XX73 XX74 XX75 XX76 XX77 XX78 XX79 XX80 XX81 XX82 XX83 XX84 XX85 XX86 XX87 XX88 XX89 XX90 XX91 XX92 XX93 XX94 XX95 XX96 XX97 XX98 XX99 XX00

Yearl

y r

ain

fall

(m

m)

Yearly rainfall (2071-2100) Yearly rainfall (1971-2000) Moving average 5 yrs (2071-2100) Moving average 5 yrs (1971-2000)

Climate modelling

Example of meteorological parameter database:

yearly rainfall at the Barcelonnette station for the past (1971-2000) and the future (2071-2100)

Creation of parameter maps relevant for landslide triggering

Parameter 1: 90th percentile of maximum n-days summer precipitation (Pndq0.9, 1 ≤ n ≤ 10)

• Most landslides are related to intense summer (JJA) rainfall episodes lasting for several days.

•The 90th percentile is the extreme event associated to a recurrence period of 10 years, which seems appropriate for

landslide occurrence.

•Creation of maps of summer Pndq0.9 precipitation for the actual and future periods.

RESULTS

Map of summer P10dq0.9

• Good relationship with elevation (p-value = 0.00977, r2 = 0.84)

• OLS regression with elevation as covariate.

Map of summer P10dq0.9 for the

reference period based on station-data

Regression between summer

P10dq0.9 and elevation

Climate modelling

RESULTS

Extrapolating to future scenario

• Maps of P10dq0.9 were computed from GCM data for ref.

and future periods.

• Ratio between future and reference periods was used for

extrapolating station-based P10dq0.9 map to future.

Map of summer P10dq0.9 for the future

period based on station-data and GCM

projected change

Ratio between future and reference

summer P10dq0.9 based on GCM data:

cyan = increase, magenta = decrease

Climate modelling

RESULTS

Landcover modelling

1956

RESULTS

2004

Landcover modelling

RESULTS

Landcover modelling: observed frequency of changes

Density of observed changes

RESULTS

Landcover modelling: observed frequency of changes

Scenario-based approach (e.g. PRUDENCE)

A: Agriculture

B: Tourism

C: Environmental awareness

D. Natural hazard

Simplified spider diagram of changing scenarios, and identification of key factors

RESULTS

Landcover modelling: DYNA-CLUE model (logistic regression)

Conversion matrix

Scenario 1 – Environmental protection: assumption of

landcover changes

RESULTS

Scenario 1: Environmental protection (2010/2100)

Landcover modelling

RESULTS

Scenario 2: Tourism activity increase (2010/2100)

Landcover modelling

RESULTS

Scenario 3: Agriculture increase (2010/2100)

Landcover modelling

RESULTS

Scenario 4: Increase in landslide hazards (2010/2100)

Landcover modelling

RESULTS

Landcover modelling

RESULTS

Waidhofen/Ybbs

There is a steady increase in building area and

streets.

The land cover types grassland and forest, which

make up the largest part of the study area, show

fluctuation over the analysis time.

Arable land, acreage, makes up a very small part

and is also highly fluctuating.

The main driving forces of

change, economy, population,

tourism and transport increase

within scenario 4 .

In both maps it is clearly indicated

that an increase in population

drives building area, especially in

the southern valleys. From 2030

to 2100 a major increase in forest

areas is shown.

Translational slide Rotational slide



landslide susceptibility maps (statistical models)

landslide hazard maps (process-based models)

WORKPACKAGE 3


landcover maps quantitative

scenarios ->

Susceptibility analysis:

Multivariate modelling

Introduction of new parameter maps

Hazard analysis:

Modelling chain Starwxars-Probstab-

MassMove TE

CH

NIQ

UE

S

Susceptibility modelling

Integration of climate parameter maps (actual, future) and landcover maps (actual, future)

in a multivariate model e.g. MSc thesis: A. Schmidt

Hazard modelling

Development of processing chain of process-based models:

Starwars – ProbStab – MassMove/SlowMove

(van Beek, 2002; Malet et al. 2005; Remaitre et al., 2008; Begueria et al., 2009

STARWARS PROBSTAB

FOSM approach

- pix. Fs <1

- 3 scen. for depth

- possibly other ..

MassMov SlowMov

FOSM approach

triggers slope stability

Prob. of parameter 1, 2, 3

fast-moving flows

FOSM approach

slow-moving slides

Prob. of parameter 1, 2, 3

Methodology

RESULTS


RESULTS

Waidhofen/Ybbs

The map represents the susceptibility

map of 2005 and shows the results of the

regression model.

The southern slopes and the Flyschzone

in the central part show the highest

susceptible areas for all scenarios.

In the south river channels are higher

susceptible than neighbouring areas and

as well as similar areas in the north. In the

north a thin net of low susceptibility is

within a wider area with higher

susceptibility. This represents the roads,

which did not have any landslides in the

sampling data set.


RESULTS

The results show the distribution of the susceptibility classes in the different scenarios and the backward

modelling. A tendency towards an increasing value in the highest two susceptibility classes can be

observed. However this trend is not continuing over all time periods. This trend is much stronger from 2050

to 2100 than for the first future period analysed. The modelling backward shows also an increasing

susceptibility in the highest class in 1962 but the lowest class decreased not as strong as in the 100 year

scenarios.


RESULTS

Barcelonnette


RESULTS

Richards equation

Transient simulations

Starwars: slope hydrology (van Beek, 2002; Malet et al., 2005, … and others)

Core model

pi

w

*w

rwi )z(kg

kq

• Generalized Darcy’s law for saturated & unsaturated medium

tn

t

n

t

)n(

• Continuity equation

tW

z

h)(k

zy

h)(k

yx

h)(k

x

• Richards diffusivity equation

Additional capabilities

• dual porosity (fissure flow, matrix flow)

• lateral inputs: Qlat = f(t)

• snow cover formation and snow melting

• topographic control: altitude on rainfall temperature

slope gradient on radiation

• vegetation (canopy interception, transpiration)

RESULTS

• Initial conditions: moisture content and groundwater level = 25 years of time series

• Parameter optimisation (Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm, Pest software): mean observed data +- 20%

• calibration on 2 piezometers with continuous recording + 10 piezometers with punctual measurements


Application to real data: Super-Sauze landslide

RESULTS

+ 7 m

+ 6 m

+ 5 m

+ 4 m

+ 3 m

+ 2 m

+ 1 m

0 m

1 map per month (june 2000 – may 2001)

Highest ground water levels:

- in the main central gully (convergence of flux lines)

- in the ablation zone of the earthflow (also the zone with the highest velocities)


Application to real data: Super-Sauze landslide

RESULTS

ProbStab: slope stability (van Beek, 2002; Malet, 2003, Malet et al., 2007)

Richards equation

Transient simulations

• Mohr-Coulomb constitutive equation (c- and f- parameters)

• Bishop or Janbu solution

• Circular or non circular slip search (minimum FOS)

through a grid search specification utility function

Volume of released material

Probabilities of release

RESULTS

• Rainfall: 50 mm in 70h

• 6-years return period

• FOS

• Observed/simulated

GWLs • GEV & observed event

volumes

Application to real data: Super-Sauze landslide; main failure in May 1999

ProbStab: slope stability (van Beek, 2002; Malet, 2003, Malet et al., 2007)

RESULTS

MassMov: mass flow kinematics (Begueria et al., 2009)

Assumptions:

- Saint-Venant equation (shallow water approximation)

- One-phase flow

- Depth-integrated solution

Mass and momentum conservation:

Rheology:

- Viscous fluid (Bingham, Couloimb-viscous, Hershel-Bulkley)

- Frictional (pure Coulomb, Voellmy)

RESULTS

MassMov: mass flow kinematics (Begueria et al., 2009)

Application to synthetic cases

Simulation of the propagation of a slurry wave over an idealized fan

topography. An inlet area of five pixels was defined at the upper part of

the fan, which represents the conextion with an upstream torrent. A

constant input rate of 80 cm of mud flow was applied at the inlet during

the first 20 seconds. The panels show the thickness of the flow at times

t = 5, 20, 35 and 50 s, in m.

Propagation of a mud flow slurry on a channel. The input

hydrograph had a triangular shape, raising from 0.65 m to 0.85 m at

25 seconds and then falling to 0 m at 30 seconds. The panels show

the flow thickness at times t = 15, 30, 45 and 60 seconds.

Simulation of the interaction between a mudflow and a rigid

obstacle over a slope. Color scale: flow depth (m).

RESULTS

Hazard assessment through modelling

Estimation of probabilities of failure, runout distances and magnitude parameters (velocity, impact

forces, thickness) through Monte-Carlo simulations

RESULTS

quantitative

scenarios ->


landcover maps

socio-economic trends



landslide potential consequence maps

landslide costs

landslide risk maps

WORKPACKAGE 4



Consequence analysis

Schematic overview

of the semi-quantitative

Potential Damage Index

method developed to

estimate consequences

at a regional scale.

(methodology of Puissant

et al. (2005) applied to the

whole Barcelonnette Basin

and Waidhoffen/Ybbs)

RESULTS


RESULTS

Damage Index (ID)

(for the winter and

summer seasons) and

Local Index (IL)

assigned to the

attributes of the EaR:

the values are attributed

according to the local

situation in the study

area.

To each attribute of the exposed

elements in the database, a relative

value, called damage index (ID),

reflecting its importance is allocated.

These weights are assigned through

expert knowledge and reflect the

possible losses (costs) if the element

at risk would be destroyed by a

landslide.

Caractéristiques physiques

Type de pont Pont à poutre

Nature des piles Aucune

Nature du tablier Acier

Revêtement Bois

Ouverture totale L (en mètre) 15

Longueur tirant d’air L’ (en mètre) 14

Largeur ouvrage l (en mètre) 4

Hauteur tirant d’air (H, en mètre) 7

Aire du tirant d’air (en gris) (m²) 105

Barcelonnette case study

Element at risk mapping and characterization

RESULTS

Element at risk mapping and characterization

RESULTS

Building time serie analysis from old maps and cadasters

RESULTS


1830

2004

RESULTS


Barcelonnette

RESULTS


RESULTS

The development of exposure maps (a) layers of elements at risk (b) susceptibility map (c)

exposure map.


RESULTS

Damages according to land cover in

per cent for Waidhofen/Ybbs

Damaging events according to land cover type related to depth

for Waidhofen/Ybbs


RESULTS

Exposure of building area and farms in per cent for the past and future scenarios.

The results of the analysis for the future exposure for building area and farms show a high increase in exposure in the last maps for 2100 for all scenarios. The class of very high exposure remains very low for all scenarios, probably due to certain preconditioning factors e.g. steep slopes. The second highest class remains below 10% for all scenarios. However a clear increase in exposure is marked for the class “low”, summing up to more than 30% in the last time step analysed.


Example of result of the ski resort area of Pra-Loup

Puissant, A., Van Den Eeckhaut, M., Malet, J.-P., Hervás, J. (subm). Regional-scale semi-quantitative consequence analysis in the Barcelonnette Region, Southern France. NHESS.

RESULTS

PROGRESS


Further developments

- Urban building evolution using Geopensim simulation tool

- Consequence mapping with the modelled landcover scenarios

- Cost analysis in progress

quantitative

scenarios ->


landcover maps

socio-economic trends



landslide potential consequences maps

landslide costs

landslide risks maps

Indicators: number of ‘unstable’ pixels,

number of pixels affected by runout,

number of potentially affected elements at risk

…. google earth kml. visualization

WORKPACKAGE 5



Indicators of changes: landuse/cover changes

The proposed indicator has been developed to be enough flexible and generic to be applied to regions with diverse risk exposure and socio-economic specificities, and is designed to be independent of the type of landslide causing the damage.

The method includes the creation of a detailed geospatial database on

attributes of elements at risk, and an evaluation of the model sensitivity to changes in the combination of attributes is proposed. Special attention is given paid to the classification of the potential damage maps. The PDI method allows calculation of an index for physical injury, structural and functional impacts and socio-economic impacts.

RESULTS

RESULTS

Potential Damage Index map produced for the winter season

for the centre of Barcelonnette and the housing of Le Bérard at

Faucon-de-Barcelonnette:

a1. DPI map for Barcelonnette

a2. DPI map for Faucon-de-Barcelonnette

b1. DSF map for Barcelonnette

b2. DSF map for Faucon-de-Barcelonnette

c1. DCE map for Barcelonnette

c2. DCE map for Faucon-de-Barcelonnette

d1. PDI map for Barcelonnette

d2. PDI map for Faucon-de-Barcelonnette.

The indicator maps (i.e. DPI, DSF, DSE and PDI) can be used for purposes such as landuse planning and emergency management decision-making in terms of risk reduction. The method has been elaborated through discussion with various categories of stakeholders (local authorities, risk planners) in the study area, and other stakeholders (rescue teams, individuals and insurance companies) may have interest in consulting and using such type of maps with a straightforward and easily understandable information.

Indicators of changes: landuse/cover changes

Indicators of changes: hydro-climatic

Accurate mass movement rainfall thresholds estimates are one of the most important prerequisite in most landslide hazard assessments. In a general way, definition of hydro-climatic indicators of change is much more difficult to assess than the indicators of changes associated to landuse/cover changes for different reasons. For instance, the climatic settings are much more varying than the landuse/cover characteristics in space and in time. Moreover, these variations are not always well recorded due to a lack of climatic stations at the highest parts/stretches of the study areas.

Another problem is the great heterogeneity of climatic datasets, either for ‘real’ observations (raingauges, radar, etc.) than for Climate Change modelling simulations results (spatial scale varies from 100 to 102 km²). Of course many techniques allow to link and merge these data, but the uncertainties are still too severe. It is still not possible to use them as potential indicators.

RESULTS

Nevertheless, some interesting results have been found out during the project. The study conducted within the Barcelonnette basin defines rainfall patterns associated to fast-gravitational movement (e.g. debris flows) and slow-gravitational movement (e.g. mudslides): 1. At the monthly scale, a clear distinction can be observed for debris flows (strong

storm associated to a 7-day dry period) and mudslide (at least 40 mm of antecedent precipitation during the last 7 days and at least 200 mm during the last 180 days)

2. At the daily scale, the correlation between events and the rainfall of the triggering date is quite good, no threshold can be established due to the inaccurate knowledge on rainfall variability (e.g. the upper part of the hillslopes)

3. At the hourly scale, debris flows triggering is associated to relatively short and intense summer thunderstorms while mudslides are associated to longer rainfall sequences exhibiting low average and peak intensities.

This work is being continued in order to define potential indicators for the Waidhofen/Ybbs study area.


RESULTS

PROGRESS


Indicators of changes: Geovisualization

For the study area Waidhofen/Ybbs it is was not possible to implement a demonstration platform due to data usage restrictions. This was agreed on in the project meeting in Vienna, June 2011 with the consortium. However UNIVIE was regularly involved in the development of the demonstration platform Barcelon@.

Barcelon@ is a WebGIS application based on open source standards. It supplies

a system to decrease the disparity between scientific results and stakeholders’ practical needs (simple interface, easy-to-use buttons in a generally user-friendly approach). Secondly the wide collection of assorted information (e.g. landslide controlling factors, susceptibility maps, information on elements at risk and their vulnerability, administrative data) and the data comparison can offer a feasible support in the decision-making process.

The application is based on different levels of access (citizens or end-users) and completely supports Geo Web Services (useful for external connections).

RESULTS

RESULTS

Demonstration Platform and Geovisualization

Data Storage. A huge amount of data is achieved. Resample, compression and clipping (based on municipality level) of every layers arranged a homogeneous geo-database all over the entire Basin

RESULTS

Cartoserver frame. Data collected are transferred inside a mapfile (mrisk.map). The aim is to fix classification, transparency, location and visual rules of all the dataset. Thus the spatial geoinformation is adapted in framework standards


RESULTS

Cartoclient frame. Every client request is standardized. The plugins to export information (PDF, CSV files, layout template) and final browser visualization are managed here. The web services guarantee connection with Cartoserver for every front-end request by users


PROGRESS

The database gathers information from different institutes and agencies, but it is standardized for scale, classification and resolution. Thus user can have a homogenous “state of art” of all the available information necessary in risk management, considering the original accuracy of dataset involved. Different tasks are available inside Barcelon@ considering geo-spatial tools and all information covering the study area. The criteria to create different clusters supply the proof of scientific results performed and the state-of-art about knowledge on natural events

The wide collection of assorted information and the data comparison offers a

great support in the decision-making process. CartoWeb is the open source type of platform selected for the task. It is a comprehensive and ready-to-use WebGIS and supplies advanced development. The architecture of the service is totally customized through visualization needs and the task of the research

The service is currently under test and will be online by end 2013


C1 C2 C3 C4

H1 R0 R0 R1 R2

H2 R0 R1 R2 R3

H3 R1 R2 R3 R3

H4 R1 R2 R3 R3

Consequences

Haza

rd

4 risk classes:

R1: Null; R2: Low; R3: Moderate; R4: High

PROGRESS

PROGRESS


Thank you for your attention!

Date post:	28-Nov-2014
Category:	Technology
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ChangingRISKS - changing pattern of landslide risks as response to global changes in mountain areas

Technology