Understanding Risks: Key to Living
Safely with Nature’s Hazards
Global Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction
Preconference Session: Understanding Disaster Risk
Cancun, Mexico
23 May 2017
Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Undersecretary, Department of Science and Technology
Officer-in-Charge, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
The Philippines is prone to many natural hazards
due to its geologic and geographic setting
HAZARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Earthquake Tsunami Volcanic
eruption
Typhoon Storm surge Flood Landslide
DISASTER LOSSES
• Life loss or Injury
• Damage to buildings, infrastructures, properties,
equipment
• Loss of lifelines – water, energy/electricity,
communication, transport systems (roads,
bridges, rail, seaport, airport)
• Damage to or interruption of food supply
• Loss of public and other critical services
• Loss of business or revenues from business
interruption
• Disruption of economic development
DISASTER IMAGINATION
• Need to have science-based hazard and risk
scenarios for extreme (large scale) events
• Extreme events
require regional to
national coordination
for:
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
RISK
FACTORS
Hazards
Exposures
Vulnerabilities
Capacities
DRR and CCA
in Planning &
Implementation
Prevention &
Mitigation Preparedness
Rehabilitation &
Recovery Response
Safer, adaptive and resilient Filipino
communities toward sustainable development
ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN NATURAL
HAZARDS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
PHIVOLCS– earthquake, tsunami and volcano-related hazards and
scenarios
PAGASA– flood and storm surge hazard; climate change scenarios
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
MGB – flood and landslide
NAMRIA – aerial photography and remote sensing, topographic base
mapping, geoportal development
Academe
*DOST funded projects: DREAM-LiDAR (LiDAR topography,
flood hazards; NOAH (rain-triggered landslide, storm surge)
Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS) DOST-PHIVOLCS
Hazard Assessment Module
Exposure Data Module
Earthquake Impact Assessment Module
Flood Loss Assessment Tool
Severe Wind Impact Modelling Module
DEVELOPMENT OF RISK ASSESSMENT TOOL
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL
EXPOSURE DATABASE * Exposure data governance workshop in first quarter of
2015 involving national and local governments, academe,
private sector, CSOs
• Area-Based Approach:
– Divide land areas by their actual use
– Develop statistical information about buildings, population etc.
– Suitable for extensive urban and rural areas
• Feature-Based Approach:
– Record location of individual features (buildings, structures etc)
– Record specific attributes for each feature
– Suitable for infrastructure
* Continue training REDAS exposure; database can use:
• Collaboration with various partners - international partners (ex. Geosciences Australia, JICA, Sentinel Asia)
- national agencies (hazards mapping, exposure data, land use and
development planning, others)
- academe
- local governments
- businesses
• Conduct of collaborative pilot studies - earthquake risk assessment of cities (Metro Manila, Iloilo)
- multi-hazard risk analysis of Metro Manila (earthquake shaking, severe wind
and flood)
• Training of academe, national agencies and
businesses with use of REDAS software - State universities and colleges per region are trained and financially supported
to assist local governments in risk assessment
- Develop new modules
CAPACITY BUILDING
SEMINAR WORKSHOPS TO INTRODUCE
HAZARDS AND RISKS, MAPS, TOOLS
National level – national agencies, business organizations,
academe
Local level - disaster managers, development planners,
engineers, local leaders (village, town/city, province), engineers,
teachers, residents
GROUND SHAKING IN GREATER METRO MANILA (West
Valley Fault Earthquake, Risk Analysis Project, 2013)
NCR
BULACAN
RIZAL
CAVITE
LAGUNA
BULACAN
NCR RIZAL
CAVITE
LAGUNA
M6.5 M7.2
COMMUNICATING RISK INFO AS SCENARIO
BUILDING AND CASUALTY ESTIMATES FOR METRO MANILA FROM A WEST VALLEY FAULT EARTHQUAKE
Risk Analysis Project, 2013 – PHIVOLCS, GA (AusAID)
M7.2 M6.5
Total Floor Area in Complete 88,142,000 65,407,000
to Collapsed Damage (sqm)
Total Floor Area in Slight 172,924,000 162,799,000
to Extensive Damage (sqm)
Total Fatalities (Death) 31,000 23,000
Total Injuries Very Serious 14,000 10,000
Serious 112,000 85,171
Slight 385,000 302,000
Total Building Losses (millions of PhP) 2,269,000 1,773,000
HAZARD AND RISK INFORMATION THROUGH
WEB AND PHONE APPLICATIONS
The PHIVOLCS FaultFinder (locate the nearest active fault from a
specified location or the named barangay).
http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
The NAMRIA Philippine
Geoportal and PHIVOLCS
Geoportal (web-GIS based
portal, to view and collate multi-
hazard and risk maps)
www.geoportal.gov.ph
The DOST funded project
DREAM - LIDAR (shares LiDAR,
flood hazard and resource maps)
lipad.dream.upd.edu.ph
http://geomatics.phivolcs.dost.
gov.ph:8080/geoportal/
Key Messages 1. Key to an integrated disaster risk reduction efforts at
national to local level is the development of science-based
hazard and risk scenarios that are clearly communicated
to various stakeholders, enabling the imagination of the
disaster that can happen and aligned actions at various
levels that can help reduce the impact and enable
appropriate and fast response and recovery.
2. Tools must be developed and adopted to facilitate risk
assessment, understand risk and mainstream use of risk
information in planning and implementation of mitigation,
preparedness, response and recovery efforts.
3. Hazard and risk assessment efforts is facilitated if these
are at the priority of national to local plans and are
sufficiently funded.