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LMS Access code: BJWN-SDAX
EP320 Process Instrumentation &Instrumental Analysis
Time: Mon: 2.00pm-3.30pm;
Semester: Jan-Apr 2016
Location: K206
Wed: 2.00pm-3.30pm
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Type of Assessment Assessment Methods Percentage (%)
Written tests
Mid-term 20
Test 20
Final exam 50
Group Project Assignment 10
The course has four assessment components as described above.Mid-term : It will be conducted between weeks 5-6 of the semester. The test will
consist of 3 to 6 questions. The duration of test will be 1 ½ hour.
Test : It will be conducted between weeks 10-11 of the semester. The midterm exam
will consist of 3 to 6 questions. The duration of the mid-term exam will be 1 ½ hour.
Group Project: Student will be assigned in group to design the P&ID diagram of
selected small scale process industries, with the justification of control system,
measurement instruments and valves selection,
Final Exam: It will consist of 6 questions. Students must answer 5 of the 6
questions. The duration of the final exam will be 3 hours.
EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis
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EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis
Week# Date Day Topic1 6-Jan Wed Introduction: Basic Concepts in Instrumentation
2 11-Jan Mon Classification of Instruments: Null Instrument,
Deflection Instrument, Analog and Digital Types
2 13-Jan Wed Static performance characteristic of instrument
3 18-Jan Mon Dynamic characteristics of instrument
3 20-Jan Wed Process Control: Basic Component of ControlSystem
4 27-Jan Mon Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
5 3-Feb Wed PID: Methodology and Symbols
6 10-Feb Wed Design and Evaluation of P&ID of Different
Applications in Industries
7 15-Feb Mon Midterm7 17-Feb Wed Design and Evaluation of P&ID of Different
Applications in Industries
Teaching Plan
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Week# Date Day Topic8 22-Feb Mon Temperature Measurement: Temperature Scales,
Units, Standards and Calibration; Heat Transfer
Systems in Thermal Measuring Systems;
8 24-Feb Wed Temperature Measuring Methods: Non-electrical
9 29-Feb Mon Temperature Measuring Methods:, Electrical,
Radiation;9 3-Mar Wed Temperature Measurement: Principles,
Application and Selection of Each Temperature
Instrument.
10 7-Mar Mon Pressure Measurement: Pressure Scales and Units;
High, Moderate and Low Pressure (Vacuum)
Measuring Instruments & Their Principles;
10 9-Mar Wed Pressure Measurement: Dynamics Pressure
Sensors; Principles, Application and Selection of
Each Pressure Instrument.
11 14-Mar Mon Test
EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis
Teaching Plan
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Week# Date Day Topic11 16-Mar Wed Flow Measurement: Flow Scales and Units;
Classification: Positive Displacement Meters, Rate
Meters, Head Meters, Area Meters;
12 21-Mar Mon Flow Measurement: Special Methods:
Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic, Vortex Shedding,
Thermal Mass Flow Sensors, Coriolis Effect Mass;
12 23-Mar Wed Flow Measurement: Application and Selection of
Each Flow Instrument, Valves.
13 28-Mar Mon Level Measurement: Classification:
13 30-Mar Wed Level Measurement: Direct and Indirect
Measurements; Displacer, Float, Pressure Gauges,Balance Method, Ultrasonic, Nucleonic Methods.
EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis
Teaching Plan
The End
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EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis
Guest Talk from Industry
Mr. Christopher Ng Yokogawa Electric (M) Sdn Bhd
No.9, Jalan Industri PBP3, Taman IndustriPusat Bandar Puchong, 47100 Puchong,
Selangor, Malaysia
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At the end of this course, students should be able to:
CLO 1: Apply principles of instrumentation in chemical industries.
CLO 2: Design the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) for
processes in chemical plant.
CLO 3: Compare types of instrument in terms of temperature,
pressure, flow and level measurement, respectively.
CLO 4: Evaluate different measurement techniques for temperature,
pressure, flow and level.CLO 5: Propose suitable measurement instruments based on the
process needs.
EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis
Course Learning Outcome (CLO)
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INTRODUCTION TOINSTRUMENTS AND
THEIR REPRESENTATION
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Outline
1 . I n t r o d u c t i o n
2 . A p p l i c a t i o n O f I n s t r u m e n t s
3 . F u n c t i o n a l E l e m e n t
4 . C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f i n s t r u m e n t s
5 . M i c ro p r o ce s s o r- b a s e d i n s tr u m en t a ti o n
6 . S t a n d a r d & c a l i b r a t i o n
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INTRODUCTION
There have been significant developments in thefield of instrumentation.
It encompasses the area of detection, acquisition,control and analysis of data.
Instrumentation is indispensable.
Instrumentation is very vital to modern industries
Instrument system act as extension on human senseand quite often facilitate retrieval of information
from complex situation.
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Typical application
Military & Aerospace Heavy Construction Eng. Data communication
Medical & biological systemsEnvironmental Eng. Automobile & consumer market
Weather datameasurement
Laboratory test andscientific studies
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Measurement (Fundamental)
If we can’t measure something, it is really pointless to try tocontrol it.
This “something” usually takes one of the following forms inindustry:
Fluid pressure
Fluid flow rate The temperature of an object
Fluid volume stored in a vessel
Chemical concentration
Machine position, motion, or acceleration
Physical dimension(s) of an object
Count (inventory) of objects Electrical voltage, current, or resistance
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FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT
F u n c t i o n a l e l e m e n t
basic
Transducer
Signalconditioning
Datapresentation
Auxiliary
Calibration
External power
Feedback
Microprocessor
Those that form theintegral parts of allinstruments
Those which may beincorporated in aparticular systemdepending on thetype of requirement,
the nature of measurementtechnique etc.
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Basic Functional Elements
Transducer element
Element that sense & convert the desired input to a moreconvenient and practicable form to be handle by themeasurement systems
Signal conditioning/ intermediate modifyingelement
For manipulating /processing the output of the transducer ina suitable form
Data presentation element
For giving the information about the measurand and measured variable in quantitative form
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Auxiliary Functional Elements
Calibration element To provide a built in calibration facility
External power element To facilitate the working of one/ more or the element like the
transducer element, the signal conditioning element, the data processing element or the feedback element
Feedback element To control the variation of the physical quantity that is being
measured. It provided in the null-seeking potentiometric/Wheatstone bridge devices to make them automaticand self balancing
Microprocessor element To facilitate the manipulation of data for the purpose of
simplifying/ accelerating the data interpretation. Always used inconjunctions with analog-to-digital converter which isincorporated in the signal conditioning element
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Example of Identification of Functional Elements inInstruments: Bourdon tube pressure gauge
The pressure applied to the hollow oval-shaped bent tube(Bourdon tube), deforms the cross section of the tube as wellas causes a relative motion, proportional to the appliedpressure, of free end of the tube with respect to its fixed end.
This tube act as transducer element as it convert the desire
input into a displacement x at its free end. This displacement is amplified by the combined lever and the
gearing arrangement which may be referred to as the signalconditioning elements.
Finally, the movement of the pointer attached to the gear on ascale gives an indication of the pressure. Thus pointer andscale constitute the data presentation elements.
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(b)
(a) Bourdon tube pressure gauge (b) Functional elements of the Bourdon tube pressure gauge
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1. State FIVE applications of instrument systems.
2. Briefly describe the functional elements of a measurement
system.
Classroom activities I
3. Indicate the basic and auxiliary functional elements of
Bourdon tube pressure gauge (Figure Q3) in the form of block
diagrams.
Figure Q3
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i). Measurements involve the gathering of information from the
physical world and comparison of the same with the agreed standards.
4. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If
false, rewrite the correct statement.
ii). Instrument engineering is the systematic design of a reliable and
cost-effective measuring system which conforms to the requirements
of a measurement situation.
iii). Instrument engineering is the systematic design of a reliable andcost-effective measuring system which conforms to the requirements
of a measurement situation.
iv). Bourdon pressure gauge transduces the pressure signal into a
large displacement which can be directly read on a measuring scale.
v). Measurement systems seldom provide exact information about themeasurand.