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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
CHAPTER 3E-BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Learning outcomes Outline the hardware and software
technologies used to build an e-business infrastructure within an organisation and with its partners
Outline the hardware and software requirements necessary to enable employee access to the Internet and hosting ofe-commerce services.
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
E-business infrastructure The architecture of hardware, software.
Content and data used to deliver e-business services to employees, customers and partners
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Typical problems Web site communications too slow. Web site not available. Bugs on site through pages being
unavailable or information typed in forms not being executed.
Ordered products not delivered on time. E-mails not replied to. Customers’ privacy or trust is broken
through security problems such as credit cards being stolen or addresses sold to other companies.
Figure 3.1 A five-layer model of e-business infrastructure
Table 3.1 Key management issues of e-business infrastructure
Table 3.1 Key management issues of e-business infrastructure (Continued)
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
What is the Internet?
“The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer”
-whatis.com
“A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions.
-webopedia.com
“is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons”
-FNC
Figure 3.2 Physical and network infrastructure components of the Internet(Levels IV and III in Figure 3.1)
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
London Internet Exchange
•Located in Docklands area in East London
•Second large IX in Europe
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Malaysia and Internet
Internet Usage Statistics:13,528,200 Internet users as of Sept/2006, 47.8% of the population, according to M.C.M.C.
Malaysia Internet Exchange (MyIX) Established in November, 2003 Launched on 15th December 2006 3 nodes connected in AIMS, NCC and TPM Jaring
Table 3.2 Six stages of advances in the dissemination of information
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Clay tablets Guternberg Press
Figure 3.3 A five-layer model of e-business infrastructure
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
How big is the Internet?
Over 1 billion Internet users worldwide How big the infrastructure they
accessing? Measured by number of servers Number of pages indexed by search
engines 2006: 9 billion pages Dec 2007:????
Figure 3.4 The Netcraft index of number of serversSource: Netcraft Web Server Survey. http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web server survey.html. Netcraft, http://netcraft.com
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Intranet and extranet
Intranet: A private network within a single company
using Internet standards to enable employees to share information
Extranet: Formed by extending an intranet beyond a
company to customers, suppliers and collaborators
Figure 3.5 The relationship between intranets, extranets and the Internet
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Intranet applications
Used extensively for supporting sell-side e-commerce
Also used for internal marketing communications
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Extranet applications
Used to provide online services which are restricted to business customers
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Business benefits of extranet Information sharing Cost reduction Order processing and distribution Customer service
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Premier Dell.com
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Questions on extranet?
Are the levels of usage sufficient? Is it effective and efficient? Who has ownership of the extranet? What are the levels of service quality? Is the quality of information adequate?
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Use of extranet on global basis
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Firewalls
A specialized software mounted on a separate server at the point where the company is connected to the Internet
Use to protect information on the company
Figure 3.6 Firewall positions within the e-business infrastructure of theB2B company
Figure 3.7 Information exchange between a web browser and web server
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
What is the Internet?
World Wide Web – standard method for exchanging information on the Internet
Web browsers – a method of accessing and viewing information stored as web documents
Web servers – store and present the web pages
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World Wide Web
Based on standard document formats such as HTML Offers hyperlink Supports a wide range of formatting Can integrate graphics and animations Make interactions possible
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Web 2.0
It isn’t a new web standard Just an evolution of technologies and
communication approaches Some main characteristics:
Web services or interactive applications hosted on the Web
Ad funding of neutral sites Encouraging creation of user-generated
content Enabling rating of content
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del.icio.us
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Internet tools
E-mail Instant messaging (IM) and Internet Relay Chat
(IRC) Usenet newsgroups FTP file transfer Telnet Blogs RSS (Really Simple Syndication) World Wide Web IPTV BitTorrent
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Blogs
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RSS
An Internet standard for publishing and exchanging content using XML
Content can be published on a site that originates from another site
New method of distributing messages to subscribers
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RSS
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RSS feeds
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VOIP
Voice data is transferred across the Internet – it enables phone calls to be made over the Internet Peer-to-peer Hosted service Complete replacement of all telephone
systems Upgrading telephone systems
Figure 3.8 The TCP/IP protocol
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URLS and domain names Web addresses are structured in a standard way as
follows: http://www.domain-name.extension/filename.html What do the following extensions or global top level domains
stand for? .com .co.uk, .uk.com .org or .org.uk .gov .edu, .ac.uk .int .net .biz .info
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HTML and XML HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
A standard format used to define the text and layout of web pages. HTML files usually have the extension .HTML or .HTM.
XML or eXtensible Markup Language A standard for transferring structured
data, unlike HTML which is purely presentational.
Figure 3.9 Home page index.html for The B2B Company in a web browser showing HTML source in text editor
Figure 3.10 (a) Fragmented applications infrastructure, (b) integrated applications infrastructureSource: Adapted from Hasselbring (2000)
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XML exampleProduct><Action Value5”Delete”/><ProductID>118003-008</ProductID></Product><Product Type5”Good” SchemaCategoryRef5”C43171801”><ProductID>140141-002</ProductID><UOM><UOMCoded>EA</UOMCoded></UOM><Manufacturer>Compaq</Manufacturer><LeadTime>2</LeadTime><CountryOfOrigin><Country><CountryCoded>US</CountryCoded></Country></CountryOfOrigin>
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Media standards GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) A graphics
format and compression algorithm best used for simple graphics
JPEG (Joint Photographics Experts Group) A graphics format and compression algorithm best used for photographs
Streaming media. Sound and video that can be experienced within a web browser before the whole clip is downloaded e.g. Real Networks .rm format
Video standards include MPEG and .AVI Sound standards include MP3 and WMA
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Who controls the Internet?
ICANN The Internet Society (www.isoc.org) The Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) The World Wide Web Consortium (
www.w3.org) Telecommunications Information
Networking Architecture Consortium TINA-C
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Managing e-business infrastructure Layer II – Systems software
Standardization throughout organization Layer III – Transport or network
Based on internal company network Laver IV – Storage
Based on company needs
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Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition © Marketing Insights Ltd 2007
Internet service providers (ISP) ISP connection method Speed of access Availability Service-level agreements Security
Figure 3.11 Differing use of applications at levels of management within companies
Figure 3.12 Elements of e-business infrastructure that require management
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New access devices
Mobile access devices Wi-Fi mobile access Bluetooth Next-generation mobile services Interactive digital television
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Bluetooth
Figure 3.13 Mobile access technologies
Figure 3.14 Components of an interactive digital TV system