Chap. 5 treaty Land grants, protected Californios Gold Rush 1849 $$$ Cattle, etc. PROBLEMS 1851: Gwin Act Avg.: 17 yrs. Costs? SQUATTERS Barred owners Power? Drought 1860s Economic - Foreigners ++ Anglos - political power Santa Barbara CONFLICT North vs. South States Rights Bottom line? CA Slaves in CA Free Blacks 1860: 4k, largest west Bridget Mason Abolitionists Laws No voting Intermarriage Testify court WAR Majority loyal Volunteers Latinos Promote Union $$$ TRANSCONTINENTAL Central+Union Idea man: T. Judah Chinese workers Sierra Nevada Chinamans Chance UNION PACIFIC Irish, Mormon workers Promontory, Utah, 1869 SOUTHERN PACIFIC Largest land owner ETHNICITY, RACE Intriguing, fluid Californios L.A. Sherriff Toms Snchez, Californio Mayor (1850) Ygnacio del Valle. Reginaldo del Valle Post-rush Colored Hostile, violent LAWS $$$ Mexicans, Chinese 1870: segregated schools CHINESE Gum Saan Passage: Credit-ticket People v. Hall (1854) Legally Indians COMMUNITIES Stores, restaurants Tongs 1852: Kwang-tek-tong Leisure EXCLUSION 1882: Chinese DEPRESSION Anti-Chinese riots JAPANESE 1885 Agriculture Discrim. Removal TREATY Cede claims, hostilities Reservation Supplies, cattle 7.5% CA lands EXTERMINATION Fear Racial 1845: 150K 1900: 16K ???