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CHAPTER 10: SPACE

EXPLORATION (Penerokaan

Angkasa Lepas)

10.1 Development In The Field of

Astronomy & Space Exploration

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Development In The Field Of

Astronomy

Astronomythe field of study aboutnatural objects in the sky (the Sun, moon,stars, earth etc)

Ancient astronomers from the Middle East,China & India had made observation aboutthe movements of the Sun, stars & Moon.

Ancient astronomers like the Greeks hadtried to explain the movements of planets& stars.

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Astronomer Year Contribution

Aristotle 384-322 BC Suggested that the Earth is

spherical in shape & not flat

Aristarchus 200 BC The 1stastronomer to suggest

that the Earth rotates on its axis &

moves following its own orbit

Hippoarchus 100 BC Classified stars according their

brightnessClaudius

Ptolemy

120 BC Suggested that the Sun was the

centre of the Solar System

Nicholas

Copernicus

1473-1543 1stastronomer to suggest that the

Sun is the centre of the solarsystem

Galileo Galilei 1564-1642 Invented the 1stastronomical

telescope

Johannes

Kepler

1571-1630 Said that the Earths orbit is

elliptical in shape

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Astronomer Year Contribution

Isaac Newton 1642-1727 Introduced the law of gravity

Edmund Halley 16561743 Discovered Halley,s Comet

Albert Einstein 18791955 Advanced the idea about the

relationship between time, space &

energy

Karl Jansky 19051950 1stman to detect radio waves from

outer space with radio telescope

William Herschel 1781 Discovered Uranus

Johann G. Galle 1848 Discovered Neptune

Clyde W.

Tombaugh

1930 Discovered Pluto

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Development In Space Exploration

Refer Figure 10.1 Some Important Events In SpaceExploration on page 184 in the textbook

(a) 1957

(b) 1969

(c) 1973

(d) 1984

(e) 1986

(f) 1989 -

(g) 1990

(h) 1996

(i) 2000 -

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Application Of Technology Related

To Astronomy

Space telescopee.g The Hubble SpaceTelescopeis used to study of the Solar

System, the stars & the galaxies

Radio telescopesare used to detect &pick up radio waves from the outer space

Rocketsare used to launch spaceships

& satellites Space shuttlese.g. Columbia &

Discovery that can carry astronauts as

well as launch satellites to outer space

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Satelliteshave various uses such as for

telecommunication & weather forecast.

Spaceships & space probes/space robotshave been launched to study the

planets.e.g Mars & Saturn

Space stationsthe place to carry outresearch/experiments. E.g Skylab, Mir &

International Space Station

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Applications of Space Technology

In Everyday Life

Telecommunicationable to sendinformation through TV, radios,

telephones, telexes, the internet etc

Weather forecasting Locating & resourcessatellites are used

to locate the areas on the Earth which are

rich with petroleum, coal & natural gas. Navigationof ships & aeroplanes

National defence(security)

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Alloy & medicine manufacturingare best

prepares in a vacuum Solar panelssolar cells are used to

operate electronic equipments

Heat resistantmaterials Photography techniques

Forestry

Agriculture

Disaster management

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Possible Development In Space

Exploration In The Future

Space Colonies

Visit to the Moon & other planets

Solar power stations in space

Factoriesin space

Extraction of metalsfrom asteroids-Asteroids are rich in iron, nickel &

platinum.

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