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5:!7!?::2\ex{`{nn Bmyxbx{xk ag Xkifmanal . \arnb

Zrkzerkh o Ifemhreyfkcfer Zehank. HYZ-OK Ia`z{xkr. @{`oeb [mb 5

Ifezx :9 ' :8

Grku{kmi Emen yby ag Yblmenyemh Y yxk`

' HGX

O K Ia`zy. @{`oeb [mb

ZrkZrkzerkh o Ifemhreyfkcfer Zehank

Nkix{rkr

\ex{`{nn Bmyxbx{xk ag Xkif . \arnb

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5:!7!?::2\ex{`{nn Bmyxbx{xk ag Xkifmanal . \arnb

Zrkzerkh o Ifemhreyfkcfer Zehank. HYZ-OK Ia`z{xkr. @{`oeb [mb ?

Iaz rblfx |bxf E{xfary Enn rblfx rkykrwkh

Gar kh{iexbam z{rzaykIa``kribenbtexbam ag xfby `exkrben byyxrbixn max enna|kh |bxfa{x zkr`byybam

gra` e{xfar

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5:!7!?::2\ex{`{nn Bmyxbx{xk ag Xkifmanal . \arnb

Zrkzerkh o Ifemhreyfkcfer Zehank. HYZ-OK Ia`z{xkr. @{`oeb [mb 9

Ifezx 9 4 Grku{kmi Emen yby ag Yblmeny '

Y yxk`yIamxkmxy4

Grku{kmi Emen yby4 IXY emh HXY

Zrazkrxbky ag xfk Ga{rbkr Xremygar` gar HXY

Grku{kmi ha`ebm ifereixkrbyxbiy ag NXB y yxk`y

NXB y yxk` ey e grku{kmi yknkixbwk gbnxkr

Bmwkryk y yxk`y emh hk-iamwan{xbam

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5:!7!?::2\ex{`{nn Bmyxbx{xk ag Xkifmanal . \arnb

Zrkzerkh o Ifemhreyfkcfer Zehank. HYZ-OK Ia`z{xkr. @{`oeb [mb 8

Grku{kmi Emen yby4 IXY emh HXY

Emen yby xaany

Ga{rbkr Ykrbky

Ga{rbkr Xremygar`

HXGY

HXGX

HGX

Dkem Oezxbyxk DaykzfGa{rbkr &5

7/31/2019 Chapt 3 Frequency Analysis

5/96

5:!7!?::2\ex{`{nn Bmyxbx{xk ag Xkifmanal . \arnb

Zrkzerkh o Ifemhreyfkcfer Zehank. HYZ-OK Ia`z{xkr. @{`oeb [mb ;

k-XKIFMaxk

Xfby ZZX by yzamyarkh oB_HI Bmhbe

||| brhibmhbe ia`

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5:!7!?::2\ex{`{nn Bmyxbx{xk ag Xkifmanal . \arnb

Zrkzerkh o Ifemhreyfkcfer Zehank. HYZ-OK Ia`z{xkr. @{`oeb [mb 7

Ga{rbkr Ykrbky

Iamxbm{a{y xb`k werbeonk x Hbyirkxk grku{kmi werbeonk c Yblmen xa ok emen tkh fey xaok zkrbahbi

Ga{rbkr ykrbky gar iamxbm{a{y-xb`k zkrbahbi yblmen

xXz

0

0

c

x cG dc kI x v

:?"& hx kx v

X I x cG d

X z

c

z

:?"&5 0

Xz-= by xfk G{mhe`kmxen Zkrbah ag Yblmen

|fkrk

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5:!7!?::2\ex{`{nn Bmyxbx{xk ag Xkifmanal . \arnb

Zrkzerkh o Ifemhreyfkcfer Zehank. HYZ-OK Ia`z{xkr. @{`oeb [mb