Chapter 04C - Diversity in Animals - Hemichordata to Amphibia

8/10/2019 Chapter 04C - Diversity in Animals - Hemichordata to Amphibia

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CHAPTER 04C: HEMICHORDATA TO AMPHIBIA

HEMICHORDATA

1. Hemichordata was earlier cosidered as a s!"#$h%l!m o& ''''. B!t(

ow it is $laced as a se$arate $h%l!m !der ''''. Aimals o& this

$h%l!m are all ''''.

chordata, non-chordata, fossorial

). *cietists li+e Bateso +e$t hemichordata as a ''' !der $h%l!m

chordata. Howe,er( o -ro!d o& -eeral ''''( moder scietists

li+e a der Horst( Daw%do&& ad Marc!s ad H%ma cosidered

it a '''' !der o#chordata.

sub-phylum, organisation, phylum

/. Hemichordata mostl% li,e i "!rrows ad are ecl!si,el% ''''

&reshwater2marie3.

marine

4. The "od% o& Hemichordata is so&t( worm#li+e ad is di,isi"le ito''''( '''' ad ''''.

proboscis, collar, trunk

. The "od% wall o& hemichordates cosists o& a si-le la%ered ''''.

epidermis

5. Tr!e otochord i hemichordates is '''' a"set2$reset3. A

otochord li+e '''' hollow2solid3 str!ct!re arises &rom the "!ccal

ca,it%( which is called '''' '''' or ''''. It is $reset i the ''''.

absent, hollow, buccal diverticulum, stomochord, proboscis

6. Coelom Bod% ca,it%3 o& hemichordates: Hemichordates are ''''.

The coelom is di,ided ito ''''( ''''' ad ''''.

enterocoelus, Protocoel, Mesocoel, Metacoel

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7. The di-esti,e tract is '''' com$lete2icom$lete3 i hemichordates.

The% are mostl% '''' &eeders.

complete, ciliary

8. I hemichordates( i& -ill slits are $reset( the% are oe to '''' $airs.

9ill slits are '''' located.

several, dorsally

10. I hemichordates( res$iratio ta+es $lace either thro!-h the '''

''' or the ''' $ortio o& the $har% "eari- the -ill slits. The

"lood cotais a res$irator% $i-met called '''.body surface, branchial, vanadium

11. I hemichordates( the circ!lator% s%stem is o& the ''''

closed2o$e3 t%$e. The "lood is colo!rless with '''' cor$!scles.

The heart is sit!ated '''.

open, amoeboid, dorsally

1). I hemichordates( the circ!lator% s%stem cosists o& a cotractile

heart ,esicle ad two ''' ,essels( oe '''' ad oe ''''( which are

itercoected "% lateral ,essels ad ''''.

longitudinal, dorsal, ventral, sinuses

1/. I hemichordates( $ost#aal tail is '''' a"set2$reset3.

absent

14. I hemichordates( ecretio is doe "% a si-le ''''( which is

+ow as '''' ''''. It is sit!ated i the ''''.

glomerulus, proboscis gland, proboscis

1. The er,o!s s%stem o& hemichordates( !st li+e o#chordates( is

$rimiti,e( cosisti- mail% o& a '''' er,e $le!s. The "rai is

$reset i the &orm o& a '''' ''''. The sesor% cells o& the '''' act

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as sese or-as.

intra-epidermal, nerve ring, epidermis

15. The hemichordate( Balanoglossus, has "oth '''' ad '''' er,e

cord.

dorsal, ventral

16. Re$rod!ctio i hemichordates is mostl% '''' ase!al2se!al3.

*ees ma% "e se$arate or !ited. 9oads are oe or se,eral $airs.

;ertilisatio is '''' iteral2eteral3.

sexual, external

17. De,elo$met i hemichordates is mostl% idirect thro!-h a &ree

swimmi- '''' lar,a( which is !st li+e the '''' lar,a o&

echioderms. I some cases( de,elo$met is also direct.

tornaria, bipinnaria

18. The hemichordate( ''''( is +ow as ame them.

Enteropneusta, Pterobranchia

)1. Balao-loss!s( *acco-loss!s( Proto-loss!s are eam$les o& the s!"#

class ''''.

Enteropneusta

)). Rha"do$le!ra( Ce$halodisc!s are eam$les o& the s!"#class ''''.

Pterobranchia

)/. Hemichordata is the coecti- li+ "etwee '''' ad ''''.

non-chordata, chordata

C?A**I;ICATIO> O; CHORDATA PH@?M

)4. The word


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meai-


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muscles

/4. I $rotochordata( the otochord is $reset all thro!-h the '''.

Howe,er( i ad!lt ,erte"rate( the otochord is modi&ied ito the'''' or the '''' '''' aro!d the s$ial cord ad '''' aro!d the

"rai.

life, backbone, vertebral column, cranium

)3 PRE*E>CE O; DOR*A? TB?AR >ERE CORD

/. I chordates( the er,o!s s%stem is sit!ated at the '''

dorsal2,etral3 side o& the "od%.dorsal

/5. I chordates( the er,e cord is a ''''( '''' str!ct!re $reset !st

"eeath the dorsal "od% wall ad !st a"o,e the otochord.

hollow, tubular

/6. The er,e cord i chordates is '''' i ori-i( i.e. it is &ormed "% the

'''' o& the em"r%o.

ectodermal, ectoderm

/7. I o#chordates( the er,e cord is ''' ad '''. It is sit!ated at the

'''' side o& the "od% &or eam$le( aelids ad arthro$ods3.

solid, double, mid-ventral

/8. 9a-lia are '''' a"set2$reset3 i the er,e cord o& chordates.absent

/3 PRE*E>CE O; PHAR@>9EA? 9I??#C?E;T*

40. I e,er% chordate( there are a series o& $aired( lateral ''' ''' i the

walls o& the $har% at some sta-e o& its li&e.

gill clefts

41. I hi-her chordates( $har%-eal -ill cle&ts are &o!d ol% i ''''

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sta-es. The% are a"set i ad!lts.

embryonic

4). I '''' chordates ad '''' chordates( $har%-eal -ill cle&ts are

$reset thro!-ho!t the li&es$a o& the aimals. I terrestrial

chordates( -ill#cle&ts are a"set i ad!lts sice the mai res$irator%

or-a &or s!ch ad!lts is the ''''.

auatic, lower, lung

43 TAI?

4/. The tail is the '''' $art o& the "od%( which is either ''' or ''''

a"set2$reset3 i ma% ad!lt chordates.

post-anal, reduced, absent

9E>ERA? CHARACTER* O; CHORDATA

44. The "od% o& chordates is '''' s%mmetrical. The "od% wall is ''''

di$lo"lastic2tri$lo"lastic3 i which there are all the three -ermial

la%ers: ''''( '''' ad ''''.

bilaterally, triploblastic, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

4. Metamerism is &o!d i the arra-emet o& m!scles i ''' sta-es

o& chordates. I ad!lts( metamerism is &o!d i the arra-emet o&

'''' ad ''''.

embryonic, vertebrae, ribs

45. Chordates ha,e a tr!e coelom( which is o& the '''' t%$e. *!chaimals are called '''' aimals.

enterocoelous, deuterostomous

46. The alimetar% caal o& chordates is '''' com$lete2icom$lete3(

di-esti,e ''' are $reset ad di-estio is ''''

itracell!lar2etracell!lar3.

complete, glands, extracellular


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47. I chordates( the heart is sit!ated o the '''' dorsal2,etral3 side

o& the "od%( !st "eeath the alimetar% caal. The "lood &lows

&rom the ''' to the '''' side i '''' "lood ,essel

ventral, anterior, posterior, dorsal

48. The "lood ,asc!lar s%stem o& chordates is o& the '''' o$e2closed3

t%$e. The res$irator% $i-met( ''''( is $reset i the RBC.

closed, haemoglobin

0. '''' $ortal s%stem is &o!d i all chordates. The '''' $ortal

s%stem is also $reset i all chordates ece$t "irds ad aimals..epatic, renal

1. The eos+eleto is '''' $oorl%2hi-hl%3 de,elo$ed i most

,erte"rates. I chordates( the edos+eleto is made !$ o& '''' ad

''''.

highly, cartilage, bones

). The '''' sta-e o& chordates has a m!sc!lar tail +ow as the $ost

aal tail. I some chordates( the $ost aal tail is red!ced.

embryonic

/. The ecretor% or-as o& chordates is the +ide%( which ca "e o&

three t%$es: ''''( '''' ad '''' +ide%s.

Proto, Meso, Metanephric

4. I chordates( sees are '''' to-ether2se$arate3. Metamor$hosis or

de,elo$met o& the em"r%o is '''' direct2idirect3.

direct

. Chordates ma% "e cold#"looded '''3 ;or eam$le( am$hi"ias(

re$tiles ad &ishes3 or the% ma% "e warm#"looded ''''3 ;or

eam$le( "irds ad mammals.poikilothermic, homeothermic

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5. ?oo+ at the ta"le "elow to !derstad a o!tlie classi&icatio o&

$h%l!m chordata.

6. Ph%l!m chordata is di,ided ito two -ro!$s o the "asis o& ''''(

''' '''' ad '''' ''''. These -ro!$s are: '''' ad ''''.

cranium, vertebral column, paired appendages, 0crania or

Protochordata, (raniata or Euchordata

ACRA>IA OR PROTOCHORDATA3

7. All $rotochordates are ''' small2"i-3 ad are ''''

marie2&reshwater3 aimals.

small, marine

8. I $rotochordates( the otochord $ersists thro!-ho!t the li&e.

Howe,er( ''''( '''' ad the ''' '''' are a"set.skull, brain, vertebral column

50. ''''' s+eleto related3( head ad '''' '''' are a"set i

$rotochordates.

Exoskeleton, paired appendages

51. TRE OR ;A?*E Protochordates are !ise!al or "ise!al

aimals. Re$rod!ctio ta+es $lace "% ase!al as well as se!al

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methods.

*rue

5). The lar,al sta-e is ''''' a"set2$reset3 i $rotochordates.

present

5/. The Acraia2Protochordata -ro!$ is di,ided ito two s!"#$h%l!ms:

'''' ad ''''.

rochordata, (ephalochordata

*B#PH@?M ROCHORDATA OR T>ICATA

54. All !rochordates are '''' &reshwater2marie3( &ree swimmi- orattached to ''''. '''' are !s!all% &ied while the '''' is &ree

swimmi-.

marine, rocks, 0dults, larva

5. >O?ED9E:


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a"sor"s '''' &rom marie waters.

ciliary, endostyle, iodine

60. The edost%le is aalo-o!s to the '''' '''' o& mammals.

thyroid gland

61. The "lood ,asc!lar s%stem o& t!icata is o& the '''' o$e2closed3

t%$e. The heart is sit!ated at the ''''dorsal2,etral3 side o& the

"od%. >ormall%( '''' a$erat!res ad '''' a$erat!res are &o!d.

open, ventral, atrial, branchial

6). The "lood o& t!icata cotais the res$irator% $i-met ''''( which

is stored i $!r$le "lood cor$!scles called '''''.

3anadium, 3anadocytes

6/. I t!icata( the otochord is &o!d ol% i the tail o& the ''''

lar,a. The tail is lost d!ri- ''''.

tadpole, metamorphosis

64. *ice chordate characters are &o!d ol% i the tail re-io o& the

tad$ole lar,a( t!icata is called ''''.

urochordata

6. I t!icata( ecretio ta+es $lace thro!-h the '''' '''' -lad(

'''' -lad ad '''''.

supra neural, pyloric, nephrocytes

65. The dorsal t!"!lar er,e cord is &o!d i the er,o!s s%stem(

which is $reset ol% i the '''' sta-e. I ad!lts( the er,e cord is

modi&ied ito a e!ral ''''.

larval, ganglion

66. Most aimals o& t!icata are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3. Ase!al

re$rod!ctio ta+es $lace "% ''''. Each -oad cotais '''' ad

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se!al mat!rit% ad re$rod!ces li+e a ad!lt. This coditio is

called '''' or ''''.

6eoteny, Paedogenesis

76. A eam$le o& lar,acea is ''''''. The aimal shows ''''. A ''''

sheet e,elo$s the aimal. The sheet has a emer-ec% "ac+door

&or esca$e.

Oikopleura,pseudomorphism, gelatinous

77. Appendiculariais a ''''' class o& !rochordata3.

5arvacea

)3 A*CIDIACEA

78. The ascidiacea( ''''( is +ow as the sea $otato or sea sG!irts.

Herdmania

80. ?oo+ at the &i-!re o&Herdmania "elow

81. 9i,e three other eam$les o& ascidiacea.

Ciona, Molgula, Botryllus

/3 THA?IACEA

8). Biol!miescece is see i the thaliacea( ''''. It has the stro-est

li-ht amo-st marie or-aisms.

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Pyrosoma

8/. The thaliacea( '''' ad ''''( are "arrel sha$ed.

Doliolum, Salpa

84. ?oo+ at the &i-!re o&Ascidia "elow.

*B#PH@?M CEPHA?OCHORDATA

8. Mem"ers o& ce$halochordate are &o!d i '''' sea water. The%

&rom "!rrow i sad ad are '''' Hit: da%2i-ht3.

shallow, nocturnal

85. The "od% o& ce$halochordates is '''' com$ressed li+e a &ish ad is'''' se-meted2!se-meted3.

laterally, segmented

86. I ce$halochordates( the '''' is a"set. The "od% is di,ided ito

the '''' ad the ''''.

head, trunk, tail

87. Paired a$$eda-es are '''' a"set2$reset3 i ce$halochordates.

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Howe,er( middle la%er ''' are $reset.

absent, fins

88. The alimetar% caal is '''' com$lete2icom$lete3 i

ce$halochordates. The "!ccal o$ei- is co,ered "% a '''' '''

&rom all the &o!r sides.

complete, oral hood

100. Ce$halochordata: !st "elow the "!ccal o$ei- lies the ''' ''' or

''' ''' ''' '''. This or-a hel$s i the i-estio o& &ood "%

$rod!ci- '''' c!rret i water.7heel rgan, (iliated rgan of Muller, circular

101. Ce$halochordata: The '''' $it is &o!d o the wall o& the oral

hood. It secretes ''''.

.atschecks, mucus

10). Ce$halochordata are '''' &eeders ad &eed o diatoms ad

micro"es. Oral '''' ad '''' is $reset.

ciliary, cirri, velum

10/. Ce$halochordata: The "lood ,asc!lar s%stem is o& the ''''

o$e2closed3 t%$e ad res$irator% $i-met is ''''

a"set2$reset3. The he$atic $ortal s%stem is ''''

a"set2$reset3.

closed, absent, present

104. Ce$halochordata: Ecretio ta+es $lace thro!-h '''''( which are

$reset i the &orm o& '''' '''' or ''''. A si-le '''' '''' is

$reset( which hel$s i ecretio.

protonephridia, flame cells, solenocytes, .atschecks nephridium

10. Ce$halochordata: The er,o!s s%stem is i the &orm o& dorsal( ''''

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ad '''' er,e cord. The otochord ad the er,e cord eted

&rom oe ed o& the "od% to the other.

hollow, tubular

105. Ce$halochordata: The &!dametal chordate characters remai

thro!-ho!t the li&e. Both the lar,a ad the ad!lt show ''''

characters.

chordate

106. Ce$halochordata are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3 aimals.

;ertilisatio is '''' iteral2eteral3. De,elo$met is '''direct2idirect3.

unisexual, external, indirect

107. '''' are the &irst com$lete chordate aimals.

(ephalochordates

108. Ce$halochordata has ol% oe class # '''''.

5eptocardii

110. Two eam$les o& ce$halochordata are '''' ad ''''.

Branchiostoma lanceolatum %or amphioxus&, Assymetron

111. Branchiostomais a '''' chordate. It is a lacelet.

typical

11). ?oo+ at the &i-!re o&Branchiostoma "elow.

11/. Branchiostoma has "oth eds $oited li+e a lace. Hece( it is

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commol% called ''''.

lancelet

114. >O?ED9E: ?acelets( also +ow as am$hio!s( com$rise

some twet%#two s$ecies o& &ish#li+e marie chordates. The% are a

im$ortat o"ect o& st!d% i Foolo-% as the% $ro,ide idicatios

a"o!t the ori-is o& ,erte"rates.

---

11. *!"$h%la rochordata ad Ce$halochordata are o&te re&erred to

as $rotochordates or acraia( i.e. witho!t '''' or "rai "o.cranium

CRA>IATA OR ECHORDATA

115. Aimals "elo-i- to E!chordata are +ow as ''''

lower2hi-her3 chordates d!e to the $resece o& hi-hl% de,elo$ed

or ad,aced3 characters. These characters icl!de '''( ''' '''(

''' ad ''''.

head, vertebral column, 8aws, cranium

116. E!chordata has ol% oe s!"#$h%l!m ''''.

3ertebrata

*B#PH@?M ERTEBRATA

117. I ,erte"rates( the otochord is com$letel% or $artiall% re$laced "%

the ''' '''( which is made !$ o& se,eral ''''.vertebral column, vertebrae

118. erte"rata: The "rai is co,ered "% a $rotecti,e co,eri- called

''''. It is made !$ o& '''' ad ''''.

cranium, bones, cartilages

1)0. erte"rates ha,e a $romiet '''' ad a well de,elo$ed ad

com$licated ''''. The er,e chord remais eclosed withi the '''

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''''.

head, brain, vertebral column

1)1. erte"rates ha,e di&&eret t%$es o& '''' scales( wi-s( &eathers(

hair( etc.

exoskeletons

1)). erte"rates are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3.

unisexual

1)/. erte"rata is di,ided ito two di,isios. >ame them.

0gnatha and 9nathostomata

A9>ATHA

1)4. '''' are the lowest -rade ,erte"rates. The% do ot ha,e ''''.

0gnatha, 8aws

1). TRE OR ;A?*E The otochord is $ersistet i A-atha.

*rue

1)5. A-atha: The mo!th is at the '''' ed o& the "od%. It is ro!d( '''#

sha$ed ad ''''.

anterior, funnel, suctorial

1)6. A-atha: The% do ot ha,e $aired a$$eda-es. Paired &is are ''''

a"set2$reset3. 9eital d!cts are '''' a"set2$reset3.

absent, absent

1)7. A-atha: The iteral ear has oe or two '''' caals. Oe media

''' e%e is &o!d alo- with two '''' e%es o the head. It has '''

oe2two3 ostrils3.

semicircular, internal, pineal, lateral

1)8. A-atha: The% are '''' warm2cold3 "looded aimals.

cold

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1/0. A-atha: The ,erte"ral col!m is re$reseted ol% "% small

im$er&ect '''' '''' o,er the otochord.

neural archs

1/1. A-atha has two classes: '''' ad ''''.

stracodermi, (yclostomata

13 O*TRACODERMI

1/). All mem"ers o& the class Ostracodermi are ''''. The% were ''''

&reshwater2marie3 &ishes. Their "od% was co,ered "% a $rotecti,e

co,eri- made !$ o& ''' '''( which led to their ame


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1/7. C%clostomata: These &ishes are '''' as well as ''''. Modes o&

!tritio3.

parasites, scavengers

1/8. C%clostomata: The "od% is lo-( thi ad '''' sha$e3. The tail is

''' sha$e3. The s+i is so&t( smooth ad '''' scales3.

tubular, flat, without scales

140. C%clostomata: The mo!th is ro!ded( ''''#li+e ad ''''#''''#

t%$e.

sucker, biting-eating

141. C%clostomata: Three e%es are &o!d o the head oe media '''

e%e ad two '''' e%es. The% ha,e ol% oe ostril( i.e.( the% are

''''.

pineal, lateral, monorhynous

14). C%clostomata: The iteral ear cotais oe2two '''' caals. The

iteral ear &!ctios ol% as ''''( i.e. as a or-a o& "alace.

semicircular, statoreceptor

14/. C%clostomata: The% ha,e '''' $airs o& -ill cle&ts.

+-1#

144. C%clostomata: The di-esti,e s%stem is witho!t a ''''. The itestie

has '''' t%$hlosole.stomach, spiral

14. >O?ED9E: A t%$hlosole is a iteral &old o& the itestie or

itestie ier wall.

---

145. C%clostomata: Both the otochord ad the ,erte"ral col!m are

$reset. The ,erte"ral col!m is made !$ o& ''''. Boes are ''''

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a"set2$reset3.

cartilage, absent

146. C%clostomata: The heart is two cham"ered cosisti- o& oe '''

ad oe '''. It is called '''' heart.

auricle, ventricle, venous

147. C%clostomata: ide%s are '''' or '''' t%$e.

protonephric, mesonephric

148. >O?ED9E: The $rotoe$hric+ide% is the most "asic o& the

three ecretor% or-as that de,elo$ i ,erte"rates. It corres$ods

to the &irst sta-e o& +ide% de,elo$met. It is s!cceeded "% the

mesoe$hric+ide%( which i &ish ad am$hi"ia remais as the

ad!lt +ide%. Oce a more ad,aced +ide% &orms( the $re,io!s

,ersio t%$icall% de-eerates or "ecomes $art o& the male

re$rod!cti,e s%stem. The $rotoe$hric +ide% ol% has a

tem$orar% a$$earace i mammals. Howe,er( it is essetial &or the

de,elo$met o& the ad!lt +ide%.

---

10. C%clostomata: Paired &is are a"set. Howe,er( '''''( '''' ad

'''' &is are $reset.

dorsal, median, tail

11. C%clostomata: The tail is o& '''' t%$e. I this t%$e o& tail(

otochord eteds till the last ed o& the tail. Besides( the tail &i is

di,ided ito two eG!al ''' ad '''' lo"es.

protocercal, dorsal, ventral

1). C%clostomata: The aimals are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3.

;ertilisatio is '''' iteral2eteral3. The lar,a sta-e is -eerall%

'''' a"set2$reset3. Howe,er( iPetromyzon, lar,a amed '''' is

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$reset.

unisexual, external, absent, ammocoete

1/. 9i,es two eam$les o& C%clostomata.

Petromyzon %5amprey&,Myxine %.agfish&

14. ?oo+ at the $ict!re o& lam$re% ad its lar,a( ammocoete "elow.

1. ?oo+ at the &i-!re o& ha-&ish "elow.

15. Petromyzon or ?am$re% is a li,i- &ossil. It is a '''''

sa-!i,oro!s3 o tr!e &ishes. It has ma% '''' i its mo!th. It

shows '''' mi-ratio.

ectoparasite, teeth, anadromous

16. '''' &ishes are oes( which sta% etirel% i sea water ad mi-rate

&rom the sea ito &reshwater to s$aw. '''' &ishes are those that

mi-rate &rom &reshwater to marie water.

0nadromous, (atadromous

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17. The lar,a ammocoete is cosidered a coecti- li+ "etwee ''''

ad ''''.

(ephalochordata, (yclostomata

18. Myxineor ha- &ish has '''' li$s li+e a old woma. The li$s remai

attached with the '''' o& the host. It has a '''' +ide% i %o!-

oes( i.e. a +ide% that ca &ilter "lood ad coelomic &l!id.

wrinkled, gills, archaeonephric

9>ATHO*TOMATA

150. 9athostomata: The mo!th is ecircled "% tr!e ''''. The% are

de,elo$ed ,erte"rates. It is ot '''' sha$e3.

8aws, rounded

151. 9athostomata: The em"r%oic '''' is !s!all% re$laced "% a

,erte"ral col!m. The ,erte"ral col!m is ''' ill2well3 de,elo$ed.

Mo,emet is "% $aired '''' or ''''.

notochord, well, fins, legs

15). 9athostomata: The -oads are '''' $aired2!$aired3. 9eital

d!cts are '''' a"set2$reset3.

paired, present

15/. 9athostomata: '''' !m"er3 semicirc!lar caals are &o!d i

the iteral ear. '''' e%e is a"set. Paired ostrils are '''

a"set2$reset3.*hree, Pineal, present

154. 9athostomata: The aimals are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3.

unisexual

15. 9athostomata: Res$iratio ta+es $lace thro!-h '''' or ''''.

gills, lungs

2


24/89

155. 9athostomata is di,ided ito two s!$er classes: '''' ad ''''.

Pisces, *etrapoda

*PER C?A**


25/89

nares, dirhynous

164. Pisces: The ''' ad ''' ears are a"set( i.e. there is o ''' or '''.

Ol% the '''' ear is $reset i which there are '''' !m"er3semicirc!lar caal( which wor+ as statorece$tor. The e%es do ot

ha,e ''''.

external, middle, ossicle, tympanum, inner, three, lids

16. Pisces: Res$iratio ta+es $lace thro!-h ''''. There are '''' $airs

o& -ills. The% are either '''' or co,ered "% ''''. The


26/89


27/89

180. 9i,e three eam$les o& &ishes showi- aadromo!s mi-ratio.

Salmon, Sturgeon, Hilsa

181. 9i,e a eam$le o& a &ish showi- catadromo!s mi-ratio.Anguila

18). ?oo+ at the dia-ram "elow to !derstad the di&&eret t%$es o& &ish

tails.

18/. ?oo+ at aother dia-ram "elow to !derstad the di&&eret t%$es o&

&ish tails.

2


28/89

184. '''' classi&ied s!$er class $isces ito three classes. >ame them.

>omer, Placodermi, (hondrichthyes, steichthyes

13 P?ACODERMI

18. Etict &ishes ;ossil &ish3( which !sed to li,e &rom the De,oia

$eriod to the Permia Period( are icl!ded i the class ''''.

Placodermi

185. '''' were the &irst &reshwater tr!e &ishes.

Placodermi

186. The "od% o& Placodermi was co,ered "% "o% $lates. Hece( the%

were called '''' &ishes.

armoured

187. '''' was the &irst awed &ish.

Climatius

188. Dinichthyes "elo-s to the class ''''.Placodermi

2/


29/89


30/89

)06. Chodrichth%es: *$iracles are '''' a"set2$reset3.

present

)07. >O?ED9E: *$iracles are o$ei-s o the s!r&ace o& some

aimals that !s!all% lead to res$irator% s%stems.

---

)08. Chodrichth%es: A '''' ,al,e or '''' ,al,e is &o!d i the

itestie. This icreases the '''' ''''. Cloacal a$erat!re is ''''

a"set2$reset3.

spiral, scroll, surface area, present

)10. Chodrichth%es: These &ishes ha,e a s$ecial str!ct!re( called


31/89

. Torpedo E. 9reat white shar+

1-:, 2-E, -0, $-(, #-=

)1. Chodrichth%es: Match the &ollowi-:

Aimal I&ormatio

1. Sphyrna/ygaena A. Ti-er &ish2Je"ra shar+

). Stegostoma B. 9!itar ;ish

/. !hino"atus C. Hammer#headed shar+

4. !hineodon D. Rat ;ish29host ;ish2i-

o& Herri-s. Chimaera E. hale *har+

1-(, 2-0, -=, $-E, #-:

)15. The do- &ish has the sese o& smell o& a do-. It is ''''

o,i$aro!s2,i,i$aro!s3.

viviparous

)16. The ''' ,etral2dorsal3 &i o& sti- ra% has $oisoo!s s$ies.

dorsal

)17. The electric ra% &ish3 has a electric or-a that is act!all% a

modi&ied ''''. It ca -i,e a electric shoc+ o& a"o!t '''' ,olts. It

does ot ha,e a '''' edos+eleto2eos+eleto3.muscle, 1"", exoskeleton

)18. The '''' '''' is the lar-est tr!e &ish. It is '''' lo-.

whale shark, 1-1$ m

))0. The Chodrichth%es( ''''( is the coecti- li+ "etwee "o% ad

cartila-io!s &ish. O$ec!l!m is '''' a"set2$reset3.

Chimaera,present

1


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))1. Cartila-io!s &ish with o$erc!l!m is $laced !der the '''' -ro!$.

holocephali

/3 O*TEICHTH@E* OR TE?EO*TOMI))). Osteichth%es icl!des '''' &ishes. The% are &o!d "oth i

&reshwater ad marie water. The edos+eleto o& these &ishes is

made !$ o& ''''. Hece( the% are called


33/89

a"set2$reset3. I $lace o& the cloacal a$erat!re( '''' is $reset.


34/89


35/89


36/89

haemoglobin

)46. The '''' '''' is the most $oisoo!s &ish.

stone fish

)47. '''' '''' is a lar,i,oro!s &ish.

*op minnow

DIP>OI 9ROP

)48. ;ishes o& the di$oi -ro!$ are called l!- &ishes or


37/89

). '''' '''' is &o!d i the ,erte"ra o& shar+ &or s!$$orti- the

,erte"ra.

Maltase cross

)5. '''' '''' re&ers to the e-- ca$s!le o& shar+.

Mermaid@s purse

)6. '''' is a -elatio!s $rod!ct o"taied &rom the dried air "ladder o&

certai &ish. It is !sed &or ma+i- cemet( ell% ad &or clari&icatio

o& ''' ad '''.

;singlass, wine, beer

)7. The smallest &ish is( '''' ''''( the 9o"% ;ish. It is a"o!t '''' mm

i le-th.

Mystichthyes luzonensis, /-1"

)8. The &ish( '''' ''''( or the Dwar& $%-m% -o"% is a tro$ical

&reshwater &ish a"o!t 1.1 to 1. cm i le-th.Pandaka pygmaea

*PERC?A** TETRAPODA

)50. Tetra$odes are &o!d "oth o lad ad water. ?ocomotio ta+es

$lace "% two $airs o& '''' lim"s.

pentadactylous

)51. Tetra$oda: 9ills are $reset ol% i '''' sta-es. The mai

res$irator% or-a i ad!lts is the ''''.

embryonic, lung

)5). Tetra$oda: The eos+eleto is made !$ o& scales( &eather or ''''.

The edos+eleto is made o& ''''.

hair, bones

)5/. Tetra$oda: Heart ma% "e ''' or ''' cham"ered. '''' circ!latio is


38/89

see.

three, four, :ouble

)54. Tetra$oda: The +ide%s are o& the '''' or '''' t%$e.

mesonephric, metanephric

)5. Tetra$oda: '''' ear is $reset. Birds ad mammals ha,e '''' ears

also.

Middle, external

)55. Tetra$oda is di,ided ito &o!r classes. >ame them.

0mphibia, >eptilia, 0ves, Mammalia

C?A** AMPHIBIA

)56. Am$hi"ias "elo- are o& '''' ori-i ad are o& the '''' a-e.

:evonian, (arboniferous

)57. Class am$hi"ia icl!des am$hi"io!s aimals( which ca li,e o

"oth $laces at ease( i.e. !der water ad o the lad. Howe,er(

there are o '''' am$hi"ias.

marine

)58. Am$hi"ias were the &irst chordate aimals( which came o!t o&

water. Howe,er( the% are ot a"le to li,e o lad $ermaetl% ad

de$ed o water &or ''''.

reproduction

)60. The e--s o& am$hi"ias do ot ha,e a '''' '''' to chec+

e,a$oratio.

protective cover

)61. The "od% o& am$hi"ias is di,ided ito the '''' ad ''''. *ome

am$hi"ias ha,e a tail.

head, trunk

/


39/89

)6). The s+i o& am$hi"ias is smooth ad witho!t scales. hee,er

scales are $reset( the% are em"edded i the ''''. ;or eam$le as

i '''''.

skin,#chhthyophis

)6/. Am$hi"ia: >!mero!s '''' are &o!d i the s+i( which hel$ is

+ee$i- the s+i moist. These aimals res$ire thro!-h the ''' ''.

glands, moist skin

)64. *ome am$hi"ias( li+e ''''( ha,e $oisoo!s -lads.

Bu$o

)6. Am$hi"ia: Pi-met cells are also &o!d as ''''' &or colo!ratio.

;ew am$hi"ias ha,e the a"ilit% to cha-e colo!r "% ''' ad '''

o& $i-met cells. This $heomeo is +ow as ''''.

chromatophore, expansion, contraction, Metachrosis

)65. Am$hi"ia: Two $airs o& lim"s hel$ i swimmi- i water ad

mo,i- o lad. The &orelim"s ha,e '''' !m"er3 &i-ers while

the hid#lim"s ha,e '''' !m"er3 &i-ers. The di-its ''''

ha,e2do ot ha,e3 ails ad claws.

four, five, do not have

)66. Am$hi"ia: The mo!th is "i- i siFe. Both the aws ha,e ''''

similar2di&&eret3 teeth. The teeth are ''''( '''' ad ''' t%$e. I

&ro-s the teeth are o& '''' t%$e. The s!s$esori!m o& aws i

am$hi"ias is ''''.

similar, pleurodont, homodont, polyphyodont, autostylic, 0crodont

)67. Am$hi"ia: A well de,elo$ed ad '''' alimetar% caal( alo- with

di-esti,e ''''( is $reset i the di-esti,e s%stem. '''' -lads are

a"set i &ro-s.

complete, glands,


40/89

)68. Am$hi"ia: The alimetar% caal( !riar% "ladder ad -eital d!cts

o$e ito the ''''.

cloaca

)70. Am$hi"ia: Res$iratio ta+es $lace "% -ills( l!-s or '''' ca,it%.

The% ha,e two ostrils. This coditio is called ''''.

buccopharyngeal, dirhynous

)71. Am$hi"ia: The heart has '''' cham"ers # '''' a!ricles ad ''''

,etricle. '''' '''' ad '''' '''' is well de,elo$ed.

three, two, one,


41/89

)77. Am$hi"ia: erte"rae are o& the '''' t%$e i which the cetr!m is

'''' coca,e2co,e3 &rom the aterior side ad ''''

coca,e2co,e3 &rom the $osterior side.procoelus, concave, convex

)78. Am$hi"ia: The middle ear has ol% oe ear ossicle called the ''''

sta$es3. The '''' re$resets the ear. E%es ha,e ''''.

columella, tympanum, eyelids

)80. Am$hi"ia: The% ha,e ''' $airs o& craial er,es. The ''' '''

sesor% s%stem is ecessaril% &o!d i some state o& de,elo$met.

I &ro-s it is &o!d ol% i the '''' sta-e.

1", lateral line, larval

)81. Am$hi"ia: The ecretor% or-as cosist o& oe $air o& +ide%s.

These +ide%s are '''' or '''' t%$e.

mesonephric, opisthonephric

)8). Am$hi"ias are '''' ecretor% material "ased3. Howe,er( tailed

aimals ad lar,ae are ''''.

ureotelic, ammoniotelic

)8/. Am$hi"ias are ''''' cold "looded3 aimals. The% -o ito

hi"eratio or '''' to $re,et themsel,es &rom etreme cold ad

heat ad to o,ercome &a,o!ra"le coditios.poikiolothermic, aestivation

)84. Am$hi"ias are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3 aimals. Males(

sometimes( ha,e '''' or-as. These aimals ret!r to water &rom

lad &or re$rod!ctio.

unisexual, copulatory

)8. Am$hi"ia: ;ertiliFatio is '''' iteral2eteral3 ad iside ''''.

$1


42/89

Howe,er( some aimals do show iteral &ertilisatio.

external, water

)85. Am$hi"ias are '''' o,i$aro!s2,i,i$aro!s3. The e--s are laid i

water ad are o& the '''' ad '''' t%$e. Etraem"r%oic

mem"raes are a"set. Hece( the% are $lace i the aamiota

-ro!$.

oviparous, mesolecithal, telolecithal

)86. Am$hi"ia: The clea,a-e i e--s is '''' ad ''''. De,elo$met is

'''' direct2idirect3. I &ro-s there is the '''' lar,a. Isalamaders there is the '''' lar,a.

holoblastic, uneual, indirect, tadpole, axolotl

)87. Am$hi"ia is di,ided ito three orders. >ame them.

9ymnophiona or 0poda, (audata or rodela and 0nura or OPHIO>A OR APODA

)88. The "od% o& -%mo$hioa is ''''#li+e. The% are '''' am$hi"ias

ad o& '''' at!re. The% do ot ha,e ''''.

worm, primitive, burrowing, limbs

/00. ''''' is a lim"less( "lid worm witho!t ''''. The% ha,e '''' o

their "od%.

#chthyophis %Caecilian&, tongue, scales

)3 ORDER CADATA OR RODE?A

/01. The "od% o& ca!date is distictl% di,ided ito the head( tr!+ ad

tail. The tail ma% ha,e '''' &i.

caudal

/0). Ca!data: Match the &ollowi-:

A>IMA? I>;ORMATIO>

1) Salamandra a) ;t is called water dog or mud

$2


43/89

puppy)

2) Proteus b) (ongo-eel

) Am"ystoma c) ;t has the longest gestation

period)

$) Triton d) Mud eel

#) *ecturus e) .ell =ender

+) Amphiuma f) ;t is the cave salamander) ;t is

blind)

) Siren g) 6ewt

/) Crypto"ranches h) ;t is the tiger salamander)

1-c, 2-f, -h, $-g, #-a, +-b, -d, /-e

/0/. *alamadra is '''' o,i$aro!s2,i,i$aro!s3. Its lar,a is called ''''

lar,a. It sometimes shows '''''.

viviparous, axolotl, neoteny

/04. >O?ED9E: I eote%( the $h%siolo-ical or somatic

de,elo$met o& a aimal is slowed or dela%ed. As a res!lt( ad!lts

retai traits $re,io!sl% see ol% i !,eiles.

---

/0. The ti-er salamader has a '''' lar,a.

axolotl

/05. *ecturusshows $ermaet '''''. '''' are $reset i ad!lts.

neoteny, 9ills

/06. The lar-est RBC is $reset i the ca!data '''''.

Amphiuma

/07. The lar-est am$hi"ia is '''''. It is &!ll% aG!atic.

Crypto'ranches

ORDER A>RA OR *A?IE>TIA

$


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/08. A!ra are s$eci&ic aimals where the '''' is a"set i ad!lts.

tail

/10. All &ro-s ad toads are icl!ded i the Order ''''.

0nura

/11. A!ra: The ,erte"ral col!m is small ad has ''' ,erte"ra. The

last ,erte"ra is stic+#li+e ca called ''''.

#-!, urostyle

/1). A!ra: The e%e has ''''. '''' -lads are $reset i the e%e. The

lower lid is '''' mo,a"le2immo,a"le3 while the !$$er lid is ''''

mo,a"le2immo,a"le3.

lids, *ear, movable, immovable

/1/. A!ra: ''' teeth are $reset i the !$$er aw. It is a"set i ''''.

Maxillary, toads

/14. A!ra: The middle ear is '''' a"set2$reset3. The t%m$aic

mem"rae is ''''' $reset2a"set3. The% ha,e well#de,elo$ed

,ocal '''''.

present, present, sacs

/1. A!ra: ;ertiliFatio is '''' iteral2eteral3. De,elo$met is '''

direct2idirect3. '''' lar,a is &o!d i them. E-- la%i-(

&ertilisatio ad de,elo$met is alwa%s i ''''.external, indirect, *adpole, water

/15. A!ra: Metamor$hosis is ''''' com$lete2icom$lete3.

complete

/16. A!ra: Match the &ollowi-:

Aimal I&ormatio

1. Bu+o A. Idia "!ll &ro-.). Hyla B. Midwi&e toad

$$


45/89

/. !ana tigrina C. ?ar-est &ro-

4. !hacophorus D. ;ire "ellied toad. Also

called

. Alytes E. Commo toad

5. Pipa Americana ;. *mallest &ro-. ;o!d i

C!"a.

6. !ana goliath 9. Tree &ro-

7. Phyllo"ates H. A&rica toad

8. Discoglossus I. *!riam toad

10. enopus . ;l%i- &ro-

1-E, 2-9, -0, $-A, #-=, +-;, -(, /-4, !-:, 1"-.

/17. I the commo toad( the $oiso -lads are modi&icatio o& the ''''

-lad.

parotid

/18. I the Idia "!ll &ro-( the '''' "oe is &o!d ti$ o& the lower

aw3.

mentomechanical

/)0.


46/89

/)/. ?oo+ at the $ict!re o&-chthyophis"elow.

/)4. ?oo+ at the $ict!res o& &ro-s2toads "elow ad !derstad the

di&&eret "od% $arts.

/). ?oo+ at the &i-!re "elow &or di&&eret t%$es o& cetr!m o&

,erte"rae.

KE*TIO>* ;ROM DI>E*HPROTOCHORDATA: O?. I: PA9E 4)8

$+


47/89

/)5. /. hich oe o& the &ollowi- is a $rotochordate

A. Am$hio!s

B. ?am$re%

C. ?a"eo

D. Eocoet!s

0

/)6. 5. A &ree swimmi- !rochordate is

A. Herdmaia

B. Botr%ll!s

C. *al$a

D. Cioa

(

/)7. 6. A mem"er o& ce$halochordata is

A. Herdmaia

B. Cioa

C. Am$hio!s

D. Balao-loss!s

(

/)8. 8. A c!rret o& water is $rod!ced i Brachiostoma "%

A. Cilia

B. CirriC. heel or-a

D. Rostr!m

=

//0. 11. The aterior $art o& Am$hio!s is

A. Oral hood

B. Rostr!m

$


48/89

C. Mo!th

D. Both A ad B

=

//1. 1). Ce$halochordate Brachiostoma $ossesses

A. ?aterall% com$ressed s$idle#sha$ed "od%

B. Ca!dal &i

C. Dorsal ad ,etral &is

D. All the a"o,e

:

//). 1/. He$atic $ortal s%stem has e,ol,ed i $rotochordates

A. Hemichordates

B. rochordates

C. Ce$halochordates

D. All the a"o,e

(

///. 14. I Am$hio!s( circ!lator% s%stem is

A. Closed

B. itho!t heart

C. itho!t res$irator% $i-met

D. All the a"o,e

:

//4. 1. Brachiostoma is

A. ;ilter &eeder

B. Cari,oro!s

C. Omi,oro!s

D. Her"i,oro!s

0

$/


49/89

//. 15. I !rochordates( the chordate characters are

A. ell de,elo$ed

B. Preset ol% i lar,a

C. Preset i ad!lt

D. Preset "oth i ad!lt ad lar,a

=

//5. 16. The lar,a o& !rochordates cotais otochord

A. Thro!-ho!t

B. Head re-io

C. Tail re-io

D. Tr!+ re-io

(

//6. 17. A ascidia is

A. Balao-loss!s

B. Herdmaia

C. Brachiostoma

D. >oe o& the a"o,e

=

//7. )1. Retro-ressi,e metamor$hosis is $ec!liar to

A. rochordates

B. HemichordatesC. Ce$halochordates

D. All the a"o,e

0

//8. )). Mo!th o& Herdmaia is

A. Atrial a$ert!re

B. Ec!rret a$ert!re

$!


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C. Brachial a$ert!re

D. Both A ad B

(

/40. )/. Atrial ad "rachial a$ert!res o& Herdmaia are s!rro!ded

"%

A. Two li$s

B. Three li$s

C. ;o!r li$s

D. ;i,e li$s

(

/41. )4. ater c!rret is maitaied i Herdmaia "%

A. Rh%thmic cotractios o& t!ic

B. O$ei- ad closi- o& atrial ad "rachial a$ert!res

C. Cotractio o& ic!rret si$ho

D. Cilia "orderi- -ill slits

:

/4). ). ?acelet is

A. Hermaia

B. *al$a

C. Brachiostoma

D. Doliol!m(

/4/. )6. Part to Herdmaia em"edded i sad is

A. Test

B. ;oot

C. T!ic

D. Both A ad C=

#"


51/89

/44. )7. Herdmaia is

A. *ea $!rse

B. *ea sG!irtC. *ea $otato

D. Both B ad C

:

/4. )8. hich oe emits et o& water whe dist!r"ed

A. Balao-loss!s

B. Herdmaia

C. *al$a

D. Brachiostoma

=

/45. /0. I ad!lt !rochordate( the dorsal er,e cord o& lar,a is cha-ed

ito

A. 9a-lio

B. Brai ad s$ial cord

C. Brai ad er,e cord

D. Remais as s!ch

0

/46. /1. I ce$halochordates( the coelom is

A. Red!ced

B. A"set

C. *chiFocoel

D. ?ied "% ectoderm

0

/47. /). Coelom o& !rochordate is

A. *chiFocoel

#1


52/89

B. A"set

C. Eterocoel

D. *e-meted

=

/48. /. hich oe swallows m!d

A. Am$hio!s

B. *ea sG!irt

C. To-!e worm

D. As%mmetro

(

/0. /5. I hemichordates( the dorsal er,e cord is

A. A"set

B. Preset thro!-ho!t

C. Restricted to to-!e re-io

D. Restricted to collar re-io

:

/1. /6. Coelom o& hemichordates is

A. *chiFocoel

B. Eterocoel

C. Eterocoel with di&&eretiatio o& three re-ios

D. A"set0

/). 41. >otochord li+e str!ct!re o& hemichordates is

A. Protochord

B. *tomochord

C. Palli!m

D. 9lomer!l!s=

#2


53/89

//. 4). Phar%-eal -ill slits are dorsal i

A. Ce$halochordates

B. rochordatesC. Hemichordates

D. E!chordates

(

/4. 4/. Protochordate are

A. Marie

B. ;reshwater

C. Terrestrial

D. All the a"o,e

0

/. 4. Chorda dorsalis is

A. Dorsal solid er,e cord

B. Dorsal hollow er,e cord

C. >otochord

D. *tomochord

(

/5. 45. Amo-st chordates( the $aired a$$eda-es are a"set i

A. Hemichordata

B. rochordata

C. Ce$halochordates

D. All the a"o,e

:

/6. 47. >otochord is !sed i

A. Attachmet o& m!scles

B. De,elo$met o& dorsal er,e cord

#


54/89

C. ;ormatio o& -ill slits

D. De,elo$met o& +ide%s

0

/7. 48. >otochord is

A. ;lat $late

B. Rod#li+e

C. Made o& t!r-id ,ac!olated cells

D. Both B ad C

:

/8. 0. E$idermis o& chordates is

A. *i-le la%ered

B. Trasitioal

C. *trati&ied

D. A"set

(

/50. 1. 9ill slits o& chordates are

A. Paired

B. ?ateral $er&oratios

C. Phar%-eal

D. All the a"o,e

:

/51. 6. ?ar,a o& Balao-loss!s is

A. M!ller=s lar,a

B. Tad$ole

C. Toraria

D. etro-e lar,a

(

#$


55/89

/5). 50. I which -ro!$( the otochord is limited to ol% aterior $art or

$ro"oscis

A. Hemichordata

B. rochordata

C. Ce$halochordata

D. Mammalia

0

/5/. 54. >otochord occ!rs ol% i the lar,a o&

A. Balao-loss!s

B. Am$hio!s

C. Herdmaia

D. Ce$halodisc!s

(

/54. 5. Phos$horescece occ!rs i

A. *al$a

B. P%rosoma

C. Petrom%Fo

D. Raa

=

/5. 55. 9ro!$ where ad!lts are de-eerated while lar,a are well

de,elo$ed isA. T!icata

B. A-atha

C. Am$hi"ia

D. Ce$halochordata

0

/55. 60. T!icates are

##


56/89

A. Miotro$hic

B. Parasitic

C. Macro$ha-o!s

D. Ciliar% &eeders:

/56. 6/. >otochord occ!rs i the em"r%oic sta-e i

A. *ome chordates

B. All chordates

C. All ,erte"rates

D. *ome ,erte"rates

=

/57. 6. Acor worms are icl!ded i

A. Cestoda

B. Trematoda

C. Hemichordata

D. Echiodermata

(

/58. 67. Retro-ressi,e metamor$hosis is &o!d i

A. Ce$halochordata

B. rochordata

C. ;ishesD. Am$hi"ia

=

/60. 68. hich o& the &ollowi- statemets is2are ot tr!e

a3 I !rochordata( otochord is $reset ol% i lar,al tail

"3 I ce$halochordate( otochord eteds &rom head to tail

c3 Brachiostoma "elo-s to hemichordate

#+


57/89

d3 Ol% oe class o& li,i- mem"ers( class c%clostoma( re$resets

the s!$er class a-atha.

A. a( " ad d ol%

B. c( d ad a ol%

C. c ol%

D. a ad d ol%

E. c ad d ol%

(

/61. 74. *tomochord is &o!d i

A. Hemichordata

B. Ce$halochordata

C. rochordata

D. Both B ad C

0

/6). 7. Pro"oscis -lad i Balao-loss!s is associated with

A. Di-estio

B. Res$iratio

C. Ecretio

D. Re$rod!ctio

E. Circ!latio

(

CHEC @OR 9RA*P: PROTOCHORDATA: PA9E 4/6

/6/. C@9 1: Hemichordata costit!te a coecti- li+ "etwee

A. Protochordates ad chordates

B. Echioderms ad chordates

C. Moll!scs ad echioderms

#


58/89

D. Moll!scs ad chordates

=

/64. C@9 ): al,eless si-le#cham"ered heart is &o!d i

A. Herdmaia

B. *coliodo

C. Catla

D. Am$hio!s

0

/6. C@9 /: aadoc%tes occ!r iA. Ce$halochordates

B. rochordates

C. Hemichordates

D. All the a"o,e

=

/65. C@9 : >!tritio o& Balao-loss!s is

A. Pha-otro$hic

B. Parasitic

C. *a$roFoic

D. All the a"o,e

(

/66. C@9 5: *tomochord is ot similar to otochord "eca!se it is

A. Hollow

B. O!t-rowth o& -!t

C. O!t-rowth o& er,e cord

D. I-rowth o& "od% wall

0

/67. C@9 6: >otochord occ!rs "etwee

#/


59/89

A. Bod% wall ad dorsal er,e cord

B. Dorsal er,e cord ad alimetar% caal

C. etral er,e cord ad alimetar% caal

D. etral er,e cord ad "od% wall=

/68. C@9 8: I !rochordates( ecretio is

A. >e$hridi!m

B. 9lad!lar

C. Protoe$hridial

D. Real

=

/70. C@9 10: *tar,atio leads to decrease i siFe o&

A. Balao-loss!s

B. *acco-loss!s

C. Herdmaia

D. Brachiostoma

(

/71. C@9 11: O dist!r"ace( Herdmaia emits et o& water &rom its

A. ;oot

B. Atrial a$ert!re

C. Brachial a$ert!reD. Both B ad C

:

A9>ATHA A>D PI*CE*: O?. I: PA9E 4/7

/7). 1. ;l%i- &ish is

A. Tor$edo

B. *coliodo

C. A-!illa

#!


60/89

D. Eocoet!s

:

/7/. 4. >o#tetra$od ,erte"rates cotai

A. Osteich%thes ad chodrichth%es

B. A-atha( osteichth%es ad chodrichth%es

C. A-atha ad chodrichth%es

D. A-atha

=

/74. . Cartila-io!s &ishes do ot cotaiA. ;is

B. 9ill co,er2o$erc!l!m

C. *cales

D. Mo!th

=

/7. 5. hich is a coecti- li+ "etwee &ishes ad am$hi"ias

A. Cat&ish

B. 9am"!sia

C. Proto$ter!s

D. Cl!$ea

(

/75. 6. Potamodromo!s &ishes mi-rate &rom

A. ;resh to &resh water

B. ;resh to marie water

C. Marie to &resh water

D. Marie to marie water

0

/76. 7. Oceaodromo!s &ishes mi-rate &rom

+"


61/89

A. ;resh to &resh water

B. ;resh to marie water

C. Marie to &resh water

D. Marie to marie water:

/77. 1/. A scale#less &ish is

A. *coliodo

B. Remora

C. Cat&ish

D. ?a"eo

(

/78. 1. Chodrichth%es ca "e di&&eretiated &rom osteichth%es

eterall% "%

A. >a+ed -ills

B. Heterocercal tail

C. etral mo!th

D. All the a"o,e

:

/80. 15. ;ish characteristic is

A. Dermal scales

B. E$idermal scalesC. ?ateral lie or-as

D. Both A ad C

:

/81. 18. *har+s are

A. O,o,i,i$aro!s

B. i,i$aro!s

+1


62/89

C. O,i$aro!s

D. >oe o& the a"o,e

0

/8). )1. ?ateral lie or-as occ!r i

A. ;ishes

B. ;ishes ad am$hi"ia lar,ae

C. Cartila-io!s &ishes ad am$hi"ia lar,ae

D. ;ishes ad lar,ae o& other ,erte"rates

=

/8/. )). The t%m$a!m is a"set i

A. Do- &ish

B. Cat &ish

C. Bo% &ishes

D. All the &ishes

:

/84. )/. A homocercal tail is &o!d i

A. Teleosts

B. *har+s

C. Ra%s

D. ?!- &ishes

0

/8. ). Paired &is o& &ishes are

A. Ca!dal ad ,etral

B. Dorsal ad ,etral

C. Pectoral ad $el,ic

D. Ca!dal ad $ectoral

(

+2


63/89

/85. )6. The s!c+er o& Remora is modi&icatio o&

A. Dorsal &i

B. Pectoral &i

C. Mo!th

D. O$erc!l!m

0

/86. )8. Iteral aris is $reset i

A. A-atha

B. Chodrichth%es

C. Osteichth%es

D. Choaichth%es

E. >oe o& the a"o,e

(

/87. /0. ?atimeria is

A. Coelacath

B. Has two dorsal &is

C. Possesses two $airs o& eteral ares

D. All the a"o,e

:

/88. /1. I ?atimeria( the &is are

A. All lo"edB. >o#lo"ed

C. ?o"ed ece$t dorsal &is

D. ?o"ed ece$t $el,ic &is

(

400. /). ?atimeria swims "% meas o&

A. ;la$$i- mo,emet o& its $ectoral ad $el,ic &is

+


64/89

B. Rotatioal mo,emet o& its $ectoral &is

C. ;la$$i- mo,emet o& $ectoral &is ad rotatioal mo,emet

o& $el,ic &is

D. Rotatioal mo,emet o& tail &i=

401. //. ?!- &ish o& A&rica is

A. Proto$ter!s

B. ?e$idosire

C. >eoceratod!s

D. M!raea

0

40). /4. ?!- &ish &o!d i A!stralia

A. ?e$idosire

B. >eoceratod!s

C. M!raea

D. C%$ri!s

=

40/. /. ?e$idosire

A. Mac+erel

B. *ardie

C. America l!- &ishD. Pilot &ish

(

404. /5. *almo is

A. allo-oia

B. *ardiella

C. D!ss!mieria

+$


65/89

D. *com"er

=

40. /7. ?!- &ishes

A. co,ered well de,elo$ed -ills

B. Co,ered well de,elo$ed -ills

C. Red!ced "!t co,ered -ills

D. Air "ladder

:

405. /8. ?!- &ishesA. *eldom swim

B. *wim li+e eels

C. Cree$ o,er $aired &is

D. Both B ad C

:

406. 40. Dorsal ad ,etral &is are coti!o!s with ca!dal &i i

A. ?!- &ishes

B. Eel

C. Both A ad B

D. *ea horse

(

407. 4). Hi$$ocam$!s has

A. Head at ri-ht a-les to "od%

B. Prehesile tail

C. Ol% dorsal &i ad red!ced $ectoral &is

D. All the a"o,e

:

408. 4/. A t!"!lar so!t with termial mo!th occ!rs i

+#


66/89

A. *olea

B. Hi$$ocam$!s

C. Echeeis

D. A-!illa=

410. 44. Eocoet!s is a"le to lea$ ito air "% meas o&

A. ?ar-e stro- $ectoral &is

B. Power&!l tail

C. Pel,ic &is

D. *!ddel% &lashi- o& dorsal ad ,etral &is

=

411. 4. Clim"i- $erch is a"le to cree$ o,er lad "% meas o&

A. Pectoral &is

B. O$erc!lar s$ies

C. Both A ad B

D. ?o"ed &is

(

41). 45. Dorsal ad ,etral &is o& Aa"as ha,e

A. *ti&& ra%s

B. *o&t ra%s

C. *ti&& ra%s i aterior re-io ad so&t ra%s i $osterior re-ioD. *o&t ra%s i aterior re-io ad sti&& ra%s i $osterior re-io

(

41/. 46. A her"i,oro!s &ish is

A. ?a"eo

B. Rita

C. Aa"as

++


67/89

D. All the a"o,e

0

414. 47. As com$ared to cartila-io!s &ishes( "o% &ishes ha,e dorsal &i

A. *i-le istead o& two

B. Two istead o& oe

C. *i-le i "oth

D. Two i "oth

0

41. 48. Pel,ic &is o& "o% &ishes areA. >ear tail

B. >ear ,etral &is

C. I middle

D. Aterior "elow $ectoral &is

:

415. 0. $aired eteral aris occ!r i

A. Petrom%Fo

B. Tor$edo

C. Aa"as

D. *olea

0

416. 1. *croll ,al,e is $reset i

A. Res$irator% s%stem o& cartila-io!s &ishes

B. Itestie o& cartila-io!s &ishes

C. Itestie o& "o% &ishes

D. Res$irator% s%stem o& "o% &ishes

=

417. ). I Tor$edo or Electric Ra%( the electric or-as are modi&ied

+


68/89

A. >er,e ets

B. Cartila-e com$lees

C. Brachial m!scles

D. Res$irator% cetres(

418. /. I sti- ra%( the sti-er is modi&ied

A. Dorsal &i

B. etral &i

C. Aal &i

D. Ca!dal &i

0

4)0. . Clas$ers o& male *coliodo de,elo$ i relatio to

A. Pectoral &is

B. Pel,ic &is

C. Aal or ,etral &i

D. Dorsal &is

=

4)1. 6. Ca!dal &i is heterocercal i "o% &ish

A. *olea

B. Aa"as

C. A-!illaD. Eocoet!s

:

4)). 7. Cartila-io!s &ishes are

A. reotelic

B. Ammootelic

C. ricotelic

+/


69/89

D. Amiotelic

0

4)/. 50. ?o$hi!s occ!rs i

A. ;reshwater $ods

B. *treams

C. *ea "ottom

D. *ea shores

(

4)4. 51. ?o$hi!s is $o$!larl% calledA. A-ler &ish

B. De,il &ish

C. ;ro- &ish

D. All the a"o,e

:

4). 5). A-ler &ish attracts its $re% thro!-h

A. Bait $reset o,er the ti$ o& &irst ra%

B. ?ea& li+e s+i &la$s

C. Phos$horescece

D. All the a"o,e

:

4)5. 5/. ?ates occ!rs i

A. *ea

B. Est!ar%

C. ;reshwater $ods

D. M!dd% waters

=

4)6. 54. ?ata &ish is

+!


70/89

A. Chaa

B. ?ates

C. Hetero$e!stes

D. Catla0

4)7. 5. A &ish ca$a"le o& hi"erati- d!ri- dro!-ht is

A. Hetero$e!stes

B. Chaa

C. Catla

D. ?ates

=

4)8. 55. A &ish o& m!dd% waters is

A. Catla

B. ?a"eo

C. Hetero$e!stes

D. Diodo

(

4/0. 56. A &reshwater &ish( which ca i&lict i!r% to its $re% ad other

aimals is

A. Clari!s

B. Hetero$e!stesC. *olea

D. 9am"!sia

=

4/1. 64. ?i,i- &ossil is

A. Do- &ish

B. ;l%i- &ish

"


71/89

C. Dodo

D. Coelacath2?atimeria

:

4/). 7). Edos+eleto is cartila-io!s i

A. Elasmo"rachs

B. Di$oi

C. Moll!sca

D. Osteichth%es

0

4//. 74. Isi-lass -elatie#li+e tras$aret s!"stace3 i o"taied &rom

A. Air "ladder o& &ishes

B. *cales o& &ishes

C. ?i,er o& &ro-

D. Cartila-e o& shar+

0

4/4. 7. hich oe is a mi-rator% &ish

A. *har+

B. Ri""o &ish

C. *almo

D. Car$

(

4/. 75. *ha-ree is s+i o&

A. Cod &ish

B. *ole &ish

C. *har+

D. hale

(

1


72/89

4/5. 76. Teleost &ish is di&&eretiated eterall% &rom elasmo"rach &ish

"%

A. Edos+eleto

B. Eos+eleto

C. O$erc!l!m

D. *tream#lied "od%

(

4/6. 80. ;ish ,erte"rates ori-iated d!ri-

A. De,oia

B. *il!ria

C. Car"oi&ero!s

D. Ordo,icia

:

4/7. 88. I &ast swimmi- &ishes( $ro$!lsio is mail% d!e to

A. Pel,ic &is

B. Ca!dal &is

C. Dorsal &i

D. Pectoral &is

=

4/8. 100. Elasmo"rachs lac+

A. 9ill slitsB. O$erc!l!m

C. >otochord

D. Placoid scales

=

440. 10). Her"i,oro!s car$s are

A. ?a"eo ad Hilsa

2


73/89

B. Catla ad Ma-!r

C. *har+ ad *i-la

D. All the a"o,e

0

441. 10/. ;irst ,erte"rates are

A. Ostractodermi

B. Placodermi

C. C%clostomates

D. Choaochth%es

0

44). 105. A idi-eo!s &ish !sed i "iolo-ical cotrol is

A. Catla

B. ?a"estes

C. 9am"!sia

D. A$locheil!s

=

44/. 106. ;ishes with swim "ladder witho!t direct comm!icatio with

eterior ad where there is little se$aratio o& secretor% ad

a"sor"et $arts are

A. Ph%sostomes

B. Ph%soclistsC. E!$h%soclists

D. Para$h%soclists

:

444. 107. *teohalie &ishes are

A. Marie &ishes ol%

B. Those which tolerate arrow ra-e o& saliit%


74/89

C. Those which tolerate wide ra-e o& saliit%

D. ;reshwater &ishes ol%

=

44. 108. *almo &ishes are also +ow as

A. Tro!t

B. Cod

C. Cartila-io!s &ishes

D. Bo% &ishes

0

445. 115. Assertio: ?ateral lie s%stem is &o!d i &ishes ad aG!atic

lar,al am$hi"ias.

Reaso: ?ateral lie s%stem has rece$tors( which are the cl!sters o&

sesor% cells deri,ed &ro ectoderm.

0ssertion is correct but the >eason is wrong)

446. 116. ;ishes ha,e $oor sese or-as &or

A. *o!d $erce$tio

B. i"ratios

C. Odo!rs

D. ?i-ht $erce$tio

0

447. 118. Tooth#sha$ed scales are

A. C%cloid

B. Cteoid

C. 9aoid

D. Placoid

:

448. 1)1. 9rowi- more tha oe s$ecies o& &ish i the same water "od%

$


75/89

is

A. Moric!lt!re

B. AG!ac!lt!re

C. Mooc!lt!re

D. Pol%c!lt!re

:

40. 1)/. I cartila-io!s &ishes( resti&orm ro$e#li+e3 "odies occ!r i

A. Heart

B. Brai

C. E%es

D. Itestie

=

41. 1). Air "ladder occ!rs i

A. Tor$edo

B. *coliodo

C. Aa"as

D. Elasmo"rach

(

4). 1)6. I elasmo"rachs( o,id!cts are called

A. ol&&ia d!cts

B. ;allo$ia t!"esC. M!lleria d!cts

D. M!lleria "odies

(

4/. 1)7. Assertio: ;ish meal is rich so!rce o& $rotei &or cattle ad

$o!ltr%.

Reaso: ;ish meal is $rod!ced "% o#edi"le $arts o& &ishes li+e

#


76/89

&is( tails( etc.

0ssertion is correct but >eason is wrong)

44. 1)8. hich oe is a Cat ;ish

A. ?a"eo rohita

B. Catla catla

C. Cirrhia mri-ala

D. alla-o att!

:

4. 1/0. Placoid scales are &o!d iA. Cartila-io!s &ishes2shar+s2chodrichth%es

B. Bo% &ishes2osteichth%es

C. ?!- &ishes

D. All the a"o,e

0

45. 1/1. Pacreas is a"set i

A. Am$hi"ia

B. Osteichth%es

C. Chodrichth%es

D. C%clostomata

:

46. 1//. Hi$$ocam$!s "elo-s to class

A. A-atha

B. Chodrichth%es

C. Osteichth%es

D. Mammals

(

47. 1/5. Illici!m is modi&ied

+


77/89

A. Dorsal &i

B. ;irst dorsal s$ie

C. *cales

D. Ca!dal &i=

48. 1/7. hich is correctl% $aired

A. Pristis *aw &ish

B. Tr%-o Moitor

C. Ichth%o$his Crow

D. ara!s *ti- ra%

E. Cor,!s ?im"less am$hi"ia

0

450. 14). >!m"er o& -ills &o!d i osteichth%es is

A. Two $airs

B. ;o!r $airs

C. ;i,e $airs

D. 5 1 $airs

E. 1) $airs

=

451. 14/. hich is ot a maor car$

A. Cirrhi!s mri-alaB. ?a"eo rohita

C. P!ti!s tieto

D. Cteo$har%-odo idella

(

45). 144. 9ro!$ aamiota icl!des

A. ;ishes ad am$hi"ias


78/89

B. Re$tiles ad "irds

C. Birds ad mammals

D. Re$tiles ad mammals

0

45/. 14. 9lomer!lar +ide% occ!rs i &ish

A. T!li$ia

B. Cirrhi!s

C. *$h%ra

D. Eocoet!s

:

454. 145. hat is tr!e o& >eaceratod!s

a. It is a cross$ter%-ia &ish

". It is &o!d i ri,er ch!t!rac

c. It does ot ehi"it aesti,atio

d. It is a !reotelic aimal

A. a ad "

B. " ad d

C. a ad c

D. a ad d

(

45. 146. Pectoral &ish are elar-ed iA. Hi$$ocam$!s

B. Eocoet!s

C. Coccoste!s

D. *coliodo

=

455. 148. Isi-lass is em$lo%ed i

/


79/89

A. Pre$aratio o& wies

B. Distillatio o& wies

C. Preser,atio o& wies

D. Cleari- o& wies:

456. 1. The most $rimiti,e ,erte"rates are

A. Ostracoderms

B. Ce$halochordates

C. Placoderms

D. C%clostomates

0

457. 15. erte"rates costit!te a$$roimatel% ''' o& the total

aimals

A.

B. 10

C. 1

D. )0

0

458. 18. Air "ladder is $reset i

A. *tar &ishes

B. Chodrichth%esC. Actio$ter%-ii

D. ;l%i- &ishes

(

460. 150. ;ish -l!e is o"taied &rom

A. Air "ladder ad s+i

B. ?i,er ad s+i

!


80/89


81/89

B. a#G( "#r( c#s( d#$( e#t

C. G#r( "#$( c#t( d#G( e#s

D. a#r( "#t( c#G( d#$( e#s

E. a#t( "#r( c#G( d#$( e#s:

46. 158. aw o& shar+s cotais

A. Thecodot teeth

B. Ple!rodot teeth

C. Acrodot teeth

D. >oe o& the a"o,e

(

465. 160. I chodrichth%es( clas$ers are see o

A. Pel,ic &is o& male

B. Pel,ic &is o& &emale

C. O$erc!l!m o& "oth sees

D. Aro!d aws

0

CHEC @OR 9RA*P: PA9E 4)466. C@9 ): ?ar-e $ectoral &is iserted dorsall% ad $ower&!l tail

occ!r i

A. Remora

B. Aa"as

C. Tr%-o

D. Eocoet!s

0

/1


82/89

467. C@9 5: ?ar-e mo,a"le s$ies occ!r i &ish

A. Diodo

B. Eocoet!sC. Aa"as

D. Echeeis

0

468. C@9 7: A shar+( which o&te asceds Hoo-l% is

A. *coliodo

B. Rhiodo

C. Carcharhi!s

D. *aw &ish

(

AMPHIBIA: O?. I: PA9E 4/

470. 5. T%m$a!m or ear dr!m occ!rs i

A. Bo% &ishes

B. Cartila-io!s &ishes

C. >ect!r!s

D. >oe o& the a"o,e

:

471. 6. A lim"less am$hi"ia is

A. Am$hi!ma

B. >ect!r!s

C. raeot%$hl!s

D. Cr%$to"raches

(

47). 8. A &ro- has

/2


83/89

A. ;i,e &i-ers ad &o!r toes

B. ;o!r &i-ers ad &i,e toes

C. ;i,e &i-ers ad &i,e toes

D. ;o!r &i-ers ad &o!r toes:

47/. 57. ;ro-2toad "elo- to order

A. A$oda

B. A!ra

C. rodela

D. Ca!data

=

474. 58. The &!ctioal +ide% o& &ro- tad$ole is

A. Archie$hros

B. Proe$hros

C. Mesoe$hros

D. Metae$hros

=

47. 61. >eote% is characteristic o&

A. B!&o

B. Ichth%o$his

C. Am"%stomaD. Raa

(

475. 6). Ece$t mammals( l!-s occ!r i

A. Ple!ral ca,it%

B. Ple!ro#$eritoeal ca,it%

C. Thoracic ca,it%

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D. Pericardial ca,it%

=

476. 64. Croa+i- o& &ro- is

A. H!-er call

B. *e call &or &emale

C. Da-er call

D. M!sical ote

=

477. 67. Re$rod!ctio i lar,al sta-e is +ow asA. Paedo-eesis

B. Partheo-eesis

C. >eote%

D. >oe o& the a"o,e

0

478. 70. Acestral am$hi"ias or earl% tetra$ods e,ol,ed d!ri-

A. De,oia

B. Car"oi&ero!s

C. Cretaceo!s

D. !rassic

0

480. 71. AG!atic am$hi"ias are ammootelic i

A. Ad!lt sta-e

B. ?ar,al sta-e

C. Immat!re sta-e

D. Both A ad B

:

481. 7/. I &ro-( ell% aro!d e--s is de$osited

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A. I water a&ter &ertiliFatio

B. I water d!ri- &ertiliFatio

C. I the o,id!ct

D. I the o,ar%(

48). 74. O$ei- o& rect!m i &ro- is called

A. Cocc%

B. Cloaca

C. A!s

D. >oe o& the a"o,e

=

48/. 75. *!riam toad is

A. Pi$a

B. Al%tes

C. B!&o

D. Bom"iator

0

484. 76. Toad cotais

A. *ali,ar% -lads( m!c!s -lads ad $arotid -lads

B. *li$$er% s+i( %ellow $i-met ad a"!dat m!c!s -lads

C. Parotid -lads( wart% s+i ad semicirc!lar caalsD. Bi&id to-!e( sli$$er% s+i ad m!c!s -lads

(

48. 78. *tr!ct!re $reset i ma "!t a"set i &ro- is

A. *ali,ar% -lads

B. Pacreas

C. Adreal -lads

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D. Th%roid -lad

0

485. 81. ide% o& &ro- is

A. Archie$hros

B. Proe$hros

C. Mesoe$hros

D. Metae$hros

(

486. 8/. Midwi&e toad isA. B!&o

B. Raa

C. Pi$a

D. Al%tes

:

487. 88. I &ro-( the o,id!ct is &ormed "%

A. ol&&ia d!ct

B. Bidder=s caal

C. Metae$hric d!ct

D. M!lleria d!ct

:

488. 101. hich oe is !se&!l i metamor$hosis o& tad$ole ito &ro-

A. Aldosteroe

B. Th%roie

C. Pit!itar% hormoe

D. O%toci

=

00. 104. hich is ot commo "etwee >ewt ad Hemidact%l!s

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A. Bod% is di,isi"le ito head( ec+( tr!+ ad tail

B. Head has a $air o& e%es ad t%m$aic mem"raes

C. Tr!+ has two $airs o& lim"s

D. Heart is three cham"ered0

01. 106. ?im"less am$hi"ias "elo- to the order

A. A!ra

B. rodela

C. 9%mo$hioa

D. ?issam$hi"ia

(

0). 110. The lar-est RBCs are see i

A. Am$hi"ia

B. Ma

C. Ele$hat

D. hale

0

0/. 11). hich oe o& the &ollowi- traits is ot a characteristic &eat!re

o& am$hi"ias

A. ReG!iremet o& water &or re$rod!ctio

B. Amiotic e--sC. Thi s+i witho!t scales

D. C!taeo!s res$iratio

=

CHEC @OR 9RA*P: PA9E 451

04. C@9 1: A am$hi"ia "eari- lar,al traits is

A. Ichth%o$his

B. Bom"iator

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C. >ect!r!s

D. Pi$a

(

0. C@9 ): Prote!s is

A. Marie

B. ;reshwater aG!atic

C. Ca,e dweller

D. Desert am$hi"ia

(

05. C@9 /: Am$hi"ias do ot occ!r i

A. ?ad

B. ;reshwater

C. ?!-s

D. All the a"o,e

:

06. C@9 5: I &ro-s( teeth occ!r o

A. ?ower aw ol%

B. $$er aw ol%

C. Both A ad B

D. >oe o& the a"o,e

=

07. C@9 6: Am$hi"ia lar,ae $ossess

A. 9ills

B. 9ills ad !$aired &is

C. Both $aired ad !$aired &is

D. Both A ad C

=

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08. C@9 7: Head cotais sesor% tetacles i

A. Ichth%o$his

B. >ect!r!s

C. *alamadra

D. Al%tes

0

10. C@9 8: D!ri- "reedi- seaso( lateral lies de,elo$ i am$hi"ia

A. *alamadra

B. Am"%stoma

C. Trit!r!s

D. H%la

(

11. C@9 11: 9%mo$hioa is

A. ermi&orm witho!t lim"s

B. Tailless with lo- le-s

C. Etict ad had massi,e edos+eleto

D. *caleless with well de,elo$ed tail

0

/!

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Chapter 04C - Diversity in Animals - Hemichordata to Amphibia

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