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CHAPTER 04C: HEMICHORDATA TO AMPHIBIA
HEMICHORDATA
1. Hemichordata was earlier cosidered as a s!"#$h%l!m o& ''''. B!t(
ow it is $laced as a se$arate $h%l!m !der ''''. Aimals o& this
$h%l!m are all ''''.
chordata, non-chordata, fossorial
). *cietists li+e Bateso +e$t hemichordata as a ''' !der $h%l!m
chordata. Howe,er( o -ro!d o& -eeral ''''( moder scietists
li+e a der Horst( Daw%do&& ad Marc!s ad H%ma cosidered
it a '''' !der o#chordata.
sub-phylum, organisation, phylum
/. Hemichordata mostl% li,e i "!rrows ad are ecl!si,el% ''''
&reshwater2marie3.
marine
4. The "od% o& Hemichordata is so&t( worm#li+e ad is di,isi"le ito''''( '''' ad ''''.
proboscis, collar, trunk
. The "od% wall o& hemichordates cosists o& a si-le la%ered ''''.
epidermis
5. Tr!e otochord i hemichordates is '''' a"set2$reset3. A
otochord li+e '''' hollow2solid3 str!ct!re arises &rom the "!ccal
ca,it%( which is called '''' '''' or ''''. It is $reset i the ''''.
absent, hollow, buccal diverticulum, stomochord, proboscis
6. Coelom Bod% ca,it%3 o& hemichordates: Hemichordates are ''''.
The coelom is di,ided ito ''''( ''''' ad ''''.
enterocoelus, Protocoel, Mesocoel, Metacoel
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7. The di-esti,e tract is '''' com$lete2icom$lete3 i hemichordates.
The% are mostl% '''' &eeders.
complete, ciliary
8. I hemichordates( i& -ill slits are $reset( the% are oe to '''' $airs.
9ill slits are '''' located.
several, dorsally
10. I hemichordates( res$iratio ta+es $lace either thro!-h the '''
''' or the ''' $ortio o& the $har% "eari- the -ill slits. The
"lood cotais a res$irator% $i-met called '''.body surface, branchial, vanadium
11. I hemichordates( the circ!lator% s%stem is o& the ''''
closed2o$e3 t%$e. The "lood is colo!rless with '''' cor$!scles.
The heart is sit!ated '''.
open, amoeboid, dorsally
1). I hemichordates( the circ!lator% s%stem cosists o& a cotractile
heart ,esicle ad two ''' ,essels( oe '''' ad oe ''''( which are
itercoected "% lateral ,essels ad ''''.
longitudinal, dorsal, ventral, sinuses
1/. I hemichordates( $ost#aal tail is '''' a"set2$reset3.
absent
14. I hemichordates( ecretio is doe "% a si-le ''''( which is
+ow as '''' ''''. It is sit!ated i the ''''.
glomerulus, proboscis gland, proboscis
1. The er,o!s s%stem o& hemichordates( !st li+e o#chordates( is
$rimiti,e( cosisti- mail% o& a '''' er,e $le!s. The "rai is
$reset i the &orm o& a '''' ''''. The sesor% cells o& the '''' act
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as sese or-as.
intra-epidermal, nerve ring, epidermis
15. The hemichordate( Balanoglossus, has "oth '''' ad '''' er,e
cord.
dorsal, ventral
16. Re$rod!ctio i hemichordates is mostl% '''' ase!al2se!al3.
*ees ma% "e se$arate or !ited. 9oads are oe or se,eral $airs.
;ertilisatio is '''' iteral2eteral3.
sexual, external
17. De,elo$met i hemichordates is mostl% idirect thro!-h a &ree
swimmi- '''' lar,a( which is !st li+e the '''' lar,a o&
echioderms. I some cases( de,elo$met is also direct.
tornaria, bipinnaria
18. The hemichordate( ''''( is +ow as ame them.
Enteropneusta, Pterobranchia
)1. Balao-loss!s( *acco-loss!s( Proto-loss!s are eam$les o& the s!"#
class ''''.
Enteropneusta
)). Rha"do$le!ra( Ce$halodisc!s are eam$les o& the s!"#class ''''.
Pterobranchia
)/. Hemichordata is the coecti- li+ "etwee '''' ad ''''.
non-chordata, chordata
C?A**I;ICATIO> O; CHORDATA PH@?M
)4. The word
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meai-
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muscles
/4. I $rotochordata( the otochord is $reset all thro!-h the '''.
Howe,er( i ad!lt ,erte"rate( the otochord is modi&ied ito the'''' or the '''' '''' aro!d the s$ial cord ad '''' aro!d the
"rai.
life, backbone, vertebral column, cranium
)3 PRE*E>CE O; DOR*A? TB?AR >ERE CORD
/. I chordates( the er,o!s s%stem is sit!ated at the '''
dorsal2,etral3 side o& the "od%.dorsal
/5. I chordates( the er,e cord is a ''''( '''' str!ct!re $reset !st
"eeath the dorsal "od% wall ad !st a"o,e the otochord.
hollow, tubular
/6. The er,e cord i chordates is '''' i ori-i( i.e. it is &ormed "% the
'''' o& the em"r%o.
ectodermal, ectoderm
/7. I o#chordates( the er,e cord is ''' ad '''. It is sit!ated at the
'''' side o& the "od% &or eam$le( aelids ad arthro$ods3.
solid, double, mid-ventral
/8. 9a-lia are '''' a"set2$reset3 i the er,e cord o& chordates.absent
/3 PRE*E>CE O; PHAR@>9EA? 9I??#C?E;T*
40. I e,er% chordate( there are a series o& $aired( lateral ''' ''' i the
walls o& the $har% at some sta-e o& its li&e.
gill clefts
41. I hi-her chordates( $har%-eal -ill cle&ts are &o!d ol% i ''''
+
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sta-es. The% are a"set i ad!lts.
embryonic
4). I '''' chordates ad '''' chordates( $har%-eal -ill cle&ts are
$reset thro!-ho!t the li&es$a o& the aimals. I terrestrial
chordates( -ill#cle&ts are a"set i ad!lts sice the mai res$irator%
or-a &or s!ch ad!lts is the ''''.
auatic, lower, lung
43 TAI?
4/. The tail is the '''' $art o& the "od%( which is either ''' or ''''
a"set2$reset3 i ma% ad!lt chordates.
post-anal, reduced, absent
9E>ERA? CHARACTER* O; CHORDATA
44. The "od% o& chordates is '''' s%mmetrical. The "od% wall is ''''
di$lo"lastic2tri$lo"lastic3 i which there are all the three -ermial
la%ers: ''''( '''' ad ''''.
bilaterally, triploblastic, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
4. Metamerism is &o!d i the arra-emet o& m!scles i ''' sta-es
o& chordates. I ad!lts( metamerism is &o!d i the arra-emet o&
'''' ad ''''.
embryonic, vertebrae, ribs
45. Chordates ha,e a tr!e coelom( which is o& the '''' t%$e. *!chaimals are called '''' aimals.
enterocoelous, deuterostomous
46. The alimetar% caal o& chordates is '''' com$lete2icom$lete3(
di-esti,e ''' are $reset ad di-estio is ''''
itracell!lar2etracell!lar3.
complete, glands, extracellular
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47. I chordates( the heart is sit!ated o the '''' dorsal2,etral3 side
o& the "od%( !st "eeath the alimetar% caal. The "lood &lows
&rom the ''' to the '''' side i '''' "lood ,essel
ventral, anterior, posterior, dorsal
48. The "lood ,asc!lar s%stem o& chordates is o& the '''' o$e2closed3
t%$e. The res$irator% $i-met( ''''( is $reset i the RBC.
closed, haemoglobin
0. '''' $ortal s%stem is &o!d i all chordates. The '''' $ortal
s%stem is also $reset i all chordates ece$t "irds ad aimals..epatic, renal
1. The eos+eleto is '''' $oorl%2hi-hl%3 de,elo$ed i most
,erte"rates. I chordates( the edos+eleto is made !$ o& '''' ad
''''.
highly, cartilage, bones
). The '''' sta-e o& chordates has a m!sc!lar tail +ow as the $ost
aal tail. I some chordates( the $ost aal tail is red!ced.
embryonic
/. The ecretor% or-as o& chordates is the +ide%( which ca "e o&
three t%$es: ''''( '''' ad '''' +ide%s.
Proto, Meso, Metanephric
4. I chordates( sees are '''' to-ether2se$arate3. Metamor$hosis or
de,elo$met o& the em"r%o is '''' direct2idirect3.
direct
. Chordates ma% "e cold#"looded '''3 ;or eam$le( am$hi"ias(
re$tiles ad &ishes3 or the% ma% "e warm#"looded ''''3 ;or
eam$le( "irds ad mammals.poikilothermic, homeothermic
/
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5. ?oo+ at the ta"le "elow to !derstad a o!tlie classi&icatio o&
$h%l!m chordata.
6. Ph%l!m chordata is di,ided ito two -ro!$s o the "asis o& ''''(
''' '''' ad '''' ''''. These -ro!$s are: '''' ad ''''.
cranium, vertebral column, paired appendages, 0crania or
Protochordata, (raniata or Euchordata
ACRA>IA OR PROTOCHORDATA3
7. All $rotochordates are ''' small2"i-3 ad are ''''
marie2&reshwater3 aimals.
small, marine
8. I $rotochordates( the otochord $ersists thro!-ho!t the li&e.
Howe,er( ''''( '''' ad the ''' '''' are a"set.skull, brain, vertebral column
50. ''''' s+eleto related3( head ad '''' '''' are a"set i
$rotochordates.
Exoskeleton, paired appendages
51. TRE OR ;A?*E Protochordates are !ise!al or "ise!al
aimals. Re$rod!ctio ta+es $lace "% ase!al as well as se!al
!
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methods.
*rue
5). The lar,al sta-e is ''''' a"set2$reset3 i $rotochordates.
present
5/. The Acraia2Protochordata -ro!$ is di,ided ito two s!"#$h%l!ms:
'''' ad ''''.
rochordata, (ephalochordata
*B#PH@?M ROCHORDATA OR T>ICATA
54. All !rochordates are '''' &reshwater2marie3( &ree swimmi- orattached to ''''. '''' are !s!all% &ied while the '''' is &ree
swimmi-.
marine, rocks, 0dults, larva
5. >O?ED9E:
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a"sor"s '''' &rom marie waters.
ciliary, endostyle, iodine
60. The edost%le is aalo-o!s to the '''' '''' o& mammals.
thyroid gland
61. The "lood ,asc!lar s%stem o& t!icata is o& the '''' o$e2closed3
t%$e. The heart is sit!ated at the ''''dorsal2,etral3 side o& the
"od%. >ormall%( '''' a$erat!res ad '''' a$erat!res are &o!d.
open, ventral, atrial, branchial
6). The "lood o& t!icata cotais the res$irator% $i-met ''''( which
is stored i $!r$le "lood cor$!scles called '''''.
3anadium, 3anadocytes
6/. I t!icata( the otochord is &o!d ol% i the tail o& the ''''
lar,a. The tail is lost d!ri- ''''.
tadpole, metamorphosis
64. *ice chordate characters are &o!d ol% i the tail re-io o& the
tad$ole lar,a( t!icata is called ''''.
urochordata
6. I t!icata( ecretio ta+es $lace thro!-h the '''' '''' -lad(
'''' -lad ad '''''.
supra neural, pyloric, nephrocytes
65. The dorsal t!"!lar er,e cord is &o!d i the er,o!s s%stem(
which is $reset ol% i the '''' sta-e. I ad!lts( the er,e cord is
modi&ied ito a e!ral ''''.
larval, ganglion
66. Most aimals o& t!icata are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3. Ase!al
re$rod!ctio ta+es $lace "% ''''. Each -oad cotais '''' ad
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se!al mat!rit% ad re$rod!ces li+e a ad!lt. This coditio is
called '''' or ''''.
6eoteny, Paedogenesis
76. A eam$le o& lar,acea is ''''''. The aimal shows ''''. A ''''
sheet e,elo$s the aimal. The sheet has a emer-ec% "ac+door
&or esca$e.
Oikopleura,pseudomorphism, gelatinous
77. Appendiculariais a ''''' class o& !rochordata3.
5arvacea
)3 A*CIDIACEA
78. The ascidiacea( ''''( is +ow as the sea $otato or sea sG!irts.
Herdmania
80. ?oo+ at the &i-!re o&Herdmania "elow
81. 9i,e three other eam$les o& ascidiacea.
Ciona, Molgula, Botryllus
/3 THA?IACEA
8). Biol!miescece is see i the thaliacea( ''''. It has the stro-est
li-ht amo-st marie or-aisms.
1
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Pyrosoma
8/. The thaliacea( '''' ad ''''( are "arrel sha$ed.
Doliolum, Salpa
84. ?oo+ at the &i-!re o&Ascidia "elow.
*B#PH@?M CEPHA?OCHORDATA
8. Mem"ers o& ce$halochordate are &o!d i '''' sea water. The%
&rom "!rrow i sad ad are '''' Hit: da%2i-ht3.
shallow, nocturnal
85. The "od% o& ce$halochordates is '''' com$ressed li+e a &ish ad is'''' se-meted2!se-meted3.
laterally, segmented
86. I ce$halochordates( the '''' is a"set. The "od% is di,ided ito
the '''' ad the ''''.
head, trunk, tail
87. Paired a$$eda-es are '''' a"set2$reset3 i ce$halochordates.
1$
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Howe,er( middle la%er ''' are $reset.
absent, fins
88. The alimetar% caal is '''' com$lete2icom$lete3 i
ce$halochordates. The "!ccal o$ei- is co,ered "% a '''' '''
&rom all the &o!r sides.
complete, oral hood
100. Ce$halochordata: !st "elow the "!ccal o$ei- lies the ''' ''' or
''' ''' ''' '''. This or-a hel$s i the i-estio o& &ood "%
$rod!ci- '''' c!rret i water.7heel rgan, (iliated rgan of Muller, circular
101. Ce$halochordata: The '''' $it is &o!d o the wall o& the oral
hood. It secretes ''''.
.atschecks, mucus
10). Ce$halochordata are '''' &eeders ad &eed o diatoms ad
micro"es. Oral '''' ad '''' is $reset.
ciliary, cirri, velum
10/. Ce$halochordata: The "lood ,asc!lar s%stem is o& the ''''
o$e2closed3 t%$e ad res$irator% $i-met is ''''
a"set2$reset3. The he$atic $ortal s%stem is ''''
a"set2$reset3.
closed, absent, present
104. Ce$halochordata: Ecretio ta+es $lace thro!-h '''''( which are
$reset i the &orm o& '''' '''' or ''''. A si-le '''' '''' is
$reset( which hel$s i ecretio.
protonephridia, flame cells, solenocytes, .atschecks nephridium
10. Ce$halochordata: The er,o!s s%stem is i the &orm o& dorsal( ''''
1#
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ad '''' er,e cord. The otochord ad the er,e cord eted
&rom oe ed o& the "od% to the other.
hollow, tubular
105. Ce$halochordata: The &!dametal chordate characters remai
thro!-ho!t the li&e. Both the lar,a ad the ad!lt show ''''
characters.
chordate
106. Ce$halochordata are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3 aimals.
;ertilisatio is '''' iteral2eteral3. De,elo$met is '''direct2idirect3.
unisexual, external, indirect
107. '''' are the &irst com$lete chordate aimals.
(ephalochordates
108. Ce$halochordata has ol% oe class # '''''.
5eptocardii
110. Two eam$les o& ce$halochordata are '''' ad ''''.
Branchiostoma lanceolatum %or amphioxus&, Assymetron
111. Branchiostomais a '''' chordate. It is a lacelet.
typical
11). ?oo+ at the &i-!re o&Branchiostoma "elow.
11/. Branchiostoma has "oth eds $oited li+e a lace. Hece( it is
1+
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commol% called ''''.
lancelet
114. >O?ED9E: ?acelets( also +ow as am$hio!s( com$rise
some twet%#two s$ecies o& &ish#li+e marie chordates. The% are a
im$ortat o"ect o& st!d% i Foolo-% as the% $ro,ide idicatios
a"o!t the ori-is o& ,erte"rates.
---
11. *!"$h%la rochordata ad Ce$halochordata are o&te re&erred to
as $rotochordates or acraia( i.e. witho!t '''' or "rai "o.cranium
CRA>IATA OR ECHORDATA
115. Aimals "elo-i- to E!chordata are +ow as ''''
lower2hi-her3 chordates d!e to the $resece o& hi-hl% de,elo$ed
or ad,aced3 characters. These characters icl!de '''( ''' '''(
''' ad ''''.
head, vertebral column, 8aws, cranium
116. E!chordata has ol% oe s!"#$h%l!m ''''.
3ertebrata
*B#PH@?M ERTEBRATA
117. I ,erte"rates( the otochord is com$letel% or $artiall% re$laced "%
the ''' '''( which is made !$ o& se,eral ''''.vertebral column, vertebrae
118. erte"rata: The "rai is co,ered "% a $rotecti,e co,eri- called
''''. It is made !$ o& '''' ad ''''.
cranium, bones, cartilages
1)0. erte"rates ha,e a $romiet '''' ad a well de,elo$ed ad
com$licated ''''. The er,e chord remais eclosed withi the '''
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''''.
head, brain, vertebral column
1)1. erte"rates ha,e di&&eret t%$es o& '''' scales( wi-s( &eathers(
hair( etc.
exoskeletons
1)). erte"rates are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3.
unisexual
1)/. erte"rata is di,ided ito two di,isios. >ame them.
0gnatha and 9nathostomata
A9>ATHA
1)4. '''' are the lowest -rade ,erte"rates. The% do ot ha,e ''''.
0gnatha, 8aws
1). TRE OR ;A?*E The otochord is $ersistet i A-atha.
*rue
1)5. A-atha: The mo!th is at the '''' ed o& the "od%. It is ro!d( '''#
sha$ed ad ''''.
anterior, funnel, suctorial
1)6. A-atha: The% do ot ha,e $aired a$$eda-es. Paired &is are ''''
a"set2$reset3. 9eital d!cts are '''' a"set2$reset3.
absent, absent
1)7. A-atha: The iteral ear has oe or two '''' caals. Oe media
''' e%e is &o!d alo- with two '''' e%es o the head. It has '''
oe2two3 ostrils3.
semicircular, internal, pineal, lateral
1)8. A-atha: The% are '''' warm2cold3 "looded aimals.
cold
1/
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1/0. A-atha: The ,erte"ral col!m is re$reseted ol% "% small
im$er&ect '''' '''' o,er the otochord.
neural archs
1/1. A-atha has two classes: '''' ad ''''.
stracodermi, (yclostomata
13 O*TRACODERMI
1/). All mem"ers o& the class Ostracodermi are ''''. The% were ''''
&reshwater2marie3 &ishes. Their "od% was co,ered "% a $rotecti,e
co,eri- made !$ o& ''' '''( which led to their ame
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1/7. C%clostomata: These &ishes are '''' as well as ''''. Modes o&
!tritio3.
parasites, scavengers
1/8. C%clostomata: The "od% is lo-( thi ad '''' sha$e3. The tail is
''' sha$e3. The s+i is so&t( smooth ad '''' scales3.
tubular, flat, without scales
140. C%clostomata: The mo!th is ro!ded( ''''#li+e ad ''''#''''#
t%$e.
sucker, biting-eating
141. C%clostomata: Three e%es are &o!d o the head oe media '''
e%e ad two '''' e%es. The% ha,e ol% oe ostril( i.e.( the% are
''''.
pineal, lateral, monorhynous
14). C%clostomata: The iteral ear cotais oe2two '''' caals. The
iteral ear &!ctios ol% as ''''( i.e. as a or-a o& "alace.
semicircular, statoreceptor
14/. C%clostomata: The% ha,e '''' $airs o& -ill cle&ts.
+-1#
144. C%clostomata: The di-esti,e s%stem is witho!t a ''''. The itestie
has '''' t%$hlosole.stomach, spiral
14. >O?ED9E: A t%$hlosole is a iteral &old o& the itestie or
itestie ier wall.
---
145. C%clostomata: Both the otochord ad the ,erte"ral col!m are
$reset. The ,erte"ral col!m is made !$ o& ''''. Boes are ''''
2"
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a"set2$reset3.
cartilage, absent
146. C%clostomata: The heart is two cham"ered cosisti- o& oe '''
ad oe '''. It is called '''' heart.
auricle, ventricle, venous
147. C%clostomata: ide%s are '''' or '''' t%$e.
protonephric, mesonephric
148. >O?ED9E: The $rotoe$hric+ide% is the most "asic o& the
three ecretor% or-as that de,elo$ i ,erte"rates. It corres$ods
to the &irst sta-e o& +ide% de,elo$met. It is s!cceeded "% the
mesoe$hric+ide%( which i &ish ad am$hi"ia remais as the
ad!lt +ide%. Oce a more ad,aced +ide% &orms( the $re,io!s
,ersio t%$icall% de-eerates or "ecomes $art o& the male
re$rod!cti,e s%stem. The $rotoe$hric +ide% ol% has a
tem$orar% a$$earace i mammals. Howe,er( it is essetial &or the
de,elo$met o& the ad!lt +ide%.
---
10. C%clostomata: Paired &is are a"set. Howe,er( '''''( '''' ad
'''' &is are $reset.
dorsal, median, tail
11. C%clostomata: The tail is o& '''' t%$e. I this t%$e o& tail(
otochord eteds till the last ed o& the tail. Besides( the tail &i is
di,ided ito two eG!al ''' ad '''' lo"es.
protocercal, dorsal, ventral
1). C%clostomata: The aimals are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3.
;ertilisatio is '''' iteral2eteral3. The lar,a sta-e is -eerall%
'''' a"set2$reset3. Howe,er( iPetromyzon, lar,a amed '''' is
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$reset.
unisexual, external, absent, ammocoete
1/. 9i,es two eam$les o& C%clostomata.
Petromyzon %5amprey&,Myxine %.agfish&
14. ?oo+ at the $ict!re o& lam$re% ad its lar,a( ammocoete "elow.
1. ?oo+ at the &i-!re o& ha-&ish "elow.
15. Petromyzon or ?am$re% is a li,i- &ossil. It is a '''''
sa-!i,oro!s3 o tr!e &ishes. It has ma% '''' i its mo!th. It
shows '''' mi-ratio.
ectoparasite, teeth, anadromous
16. '''' &ishes are oes( which sta% etirel% i sea water ad mi-rate
&rom the sea ito &reshwater to s$aw. '''' &ishes are those that
mi-rate &rom &reshwater to marie water.
0nadromous, (atadromous
22
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17. The lar,a ammocoete is cosidered a coecti- li+ "etwee ''''
ad ''''.
(ephalochordata, (yclostomata
18. Myxineor ha- &ish has '''' li$s li+e a old woma. The li$s remai
attached with the '''' o& the host. It has a '''' +ide% i %o!-
oes( i.e. a +ide% that ca &ilter "lood ad coelomic &l!id.
wrinkled, gills, archaeonephric
9>ATHO*TOMATA
150. 9athostomata: The mo!th is ecircled "% tr!e ''''. The% are
de,elo$ed ,erte"rates. It is ot '''' sha$e3.
8aws, rounded
151. 9athostomata: The em"r%oic '''' is !s!all% re$laced "% a
,erte"ral col!m. The ,erte"ral col!m is ''' ill2well3 de,elo$ed.
Mo,emet is "% $aired '''' or ''''.
notochord, well, fins, legs
15). 9athostomata: The -oads are '''' $aired2!$aired3. 9eital
d!cts are '''' a"set2$reset3.
paired, present
15/. 9athostomata: '''' !m"er3 semicirc!lar caals are &o!d i
the iteral ear. '''' e%e is a"set. Paired ostrils are '''
a"set2$reset3.*hree, Pineal, present
154. 9athostomata: The aimals are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3.
unisexual
15. 9athostomata: Res$iratio ta+es $lace thro!-h '''' or ''''.
gills, lungs
2
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155. 9athostomata is di,ided ito two s!$er classes: '''' ad ''''.
Pisces, *etrapoda
*PER C?A**
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nares, dirhynous
164. Pisces: The ''' ad ''' ears are a"set( i.e. there is o ''' or '''.
Ol% the '''' ear is $reset i which there are '''' !m"er3semicirc!lar caal( which wor+ as statorece$tor. The e%es do ot
ha,e ''''.
external, middle, ossicle, tympanum, inner, three, lids
16. Pisces: Res$iratio ta+es $lace thro!-h ''''. There are '''' $airs
o& -ills. The% are either '''' or co,ered "% ''''. The
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180. 9i,e three eam$les o& &ishes showi- aadromo!s mi-ratio.
Salmon, Sturgeon, Hilsa
181. 9i,e a eam$le o& a &ish showi- catadromo!s mi-ratio.Anguila
18). ?oo+ at the dia-ram "elow to !derstad the di&&eret t%$es o& &ish
tails.
18/. ?oo+ at aother dia-ram "elow to !derstad the di&&eret t%$es o&
&ish tails.
2
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184. '''' classi&ied s!$er class $isces ito three classes. >ame them.
>omer, Placodermi, (hondrichthyes, steichthyes
13 P?ACODERMI
18. Etict &ishes ;ossil &ish3( which !sed to li,e &rom the De,oia
$eriod to the Permia Period( are icl!ded i the class ''''.
Placodermi
185. '''' were the &irst &reshwater tr!e &ishes.
Placodermi
186. The "od% o& Placodermi was co,ered "% "o% $lates. Hece( the%
were called '''' &ishes.
armoured
187. '''' was the &irst awed &ish.
Climatius
188. Dinichthyes "elo-s to the class ''''.Placodermi
2/
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)06. Chodrichth%es: *$iracles are '''' a"set2$reset3.
present
)07. >O?ED9E: *$iracles are o$ei-s o the s!r&ace o& some
aimals that !s!all% lead to res$irator% s%stems.
---
)08. Chodrichth%es: A '''' ,al,e or '''' ,al,e is &o!d i the
itestie. This icreases the '''' ''''. Cloacal a$erat!re is ''''
a"set2$reset3.
spiral, scroll, surface area, present
)10. Chodrichth%es: These &ishes ha,e a s$ecial str!ct!re( called
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. Torpedo E. 9reat white shar+
1-:, 2-E, -0, $-(, #-=
)1. Chodrichth%es: Match the &ollowi-:
Aimal I&ormatio
1. Sphyrna/ygaena A. Ti-er &ish2Je"ra shar+
). Stegostoma B. 9!itar ;ish
/. !hino"atus C. Hammer#headed shar+
4. !hineodon D. Rat ;ish29host ;ish2i-
o& Herri-s. Chimaera E. hale *har+
1-(, 2-0, -=, $-E, #-:
)15. The do- &ish has the sese o& smell o& a do-. It is ''''
o,i$aro!s2,i,i$aro!s3.
viviparous
)16. The ''' ,etral2dorsal3 &i o& sti- ra% has $oisoo!s s$ies.
dorsal
)17. The electric ra% &ish3 has a electric or-a that is act!all% a
modi&ied ''''. It ca -i,e a electric shoc+ o& a"o!t '''' ,olts. It
does ot ha,e a '''' edos+eleto2eos+eleto3.muscle, 1"", exoskeleton
)18. The '''' '''' is the lar-est tr!e &ish. It is '''' lo-.
whale shark, 1-1$ m
))0. The Chodrichth%es( ''''( is the coecti- li+ "etwee "o% ad
cartila-io!s &ish. O$ec!l!m is '''' a"set2$reset3.
Chimaera,present
1
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))1. Cartila-io!s &ish with o$erc!l!m is $laced !der the '''' -ro!$.
holocephali
/3 O*TEICHTH@E* OR TE?EO*TOMI))). Osteichth%es icl!des '''' &ishes. The% are &o!d "oth i
&reshwater ad marie water. The edos+eleto o& these &ishes is
made !$ o& ''''. Hece( the% are called
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a"set2$reset3. I $lace o& the cloacal a$erat!re( '''' is $reset.
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haemoglobin
)46. The '''' '''' is the most $oisoo!s &ish.
stone fish
)47. '''' '''' is a lar,i,oro!s &ish.
*op minnow
DIP>OI 9ROP
)48. ;ishes o& the di$oi -ro!$ are called l!- &ishes or
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). '''' '''' is &o!d i the ,erte"ra o& shar+ &or s!$$orti- the
,erte"ra.
Maltase cross
)5. '''' '''' re&ers to the e-- ca$s!le o& shar+.
Mermaid@s purse
)6. '''' is a -elatio!s $rod!ct o"taied &rom the dried air "ladder o&
certai &ish. It is !sed &or ma+i- cemet( ell% ad &or clari&icatio
o& ''' ad '''.
;singlass, wine, beer
)7. The smallest &ish is( '''' ''''( the 9o"% ;ish. It is a"o!t '''' mm
i le-th.
Mystichthyes luzonensis, /-1"
)8. The &ish( '''' ''''( or the Dwar& $%-m% -o"% is a tro$ical
&reshwater &ish a"o!t 1.1 to 1. cm i le-th.Pandaka pygmaea
*PERC?A** TETRAPODA
)50. Tetra$odes are &o!d "oth o lad ad water. ?ocomotio ta+es
$lace "% two $airs o& '''' lim"s.
pentadactylous
)51. Tetra$oda: 9ills are $reset ol% i '''' sta-es. The mai
res$irator% or-a i ad!lts is the ''''.
embryonic, lung
)5). Tetra$oda: The eos+eleto is made !$ o& scales( &eather or ''''.
The edos+eleto is made o& ''''.
hair, bones
)5/. Tetra$oda: Heart ma% "e ''' or ''' cham"ered. '''' circ!latio is
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see.
three, four, :ouble
)54. Tetra$oda: The +ide%s are o& the '''' or '''' t%$e.
mesonephric, metanephric
)5. Tetra$oda: '''' ear is $reset. Birds ad mammals ha,e '''' ears
also.
Middle, external
)55. Tetra$oda is di,ided ito &o!r classes. >ame them.
0mphibia, >eptilia, 0ves, Mammalia
C?A** AMPHIBIA
)56. Am$hi"ias "elo- are o& '''' ori-i ad are o& the '''' a-e.
:evonian, (arboniferous
)57. Class am$hi"ia icl!des am$hi"io!s aimals( which ca li,e o
"oth $laces at ease( i.e. !der water ad o the lad. Howe,er(
there are o '''' am$hi"ias.
marine
)58. Am$hi"ias were the &irst chordate aimals( which came o!t o&
water. Howe,er( the% are ot a"le to li,e o lad $ermaetl% ad
de$ed o water &or ''''.
reproduction
)60. The e--s o& am$hi"ias do ot ha,e a '''' '''' to chec+
e,a$oratio.
protective cover
)61. The "od% o& am$hi"ias is di,ided ito the '''' ad ''''. *ome
am$hi"ias ha,e a tail.
head, trunk
/
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)6). The s+i o& am$hi"ias is smooth ad witho!t scales. hee,er
scales are $reset( the% are em"edded i the ''''. ;or eam$le as
i '''''.
skin,#chhthyophis
)6/. Am$hi"ia: >!mero!s '''' are &o!d i the s+i( which hel$ is
+ee$i- the s+i moist. These aimals res$ire thro!-h the ''' ''.
glands, moist skin
)64. *ome am$hi"ias( li+e ''''( ha,e $oisoo!s -lads.
Bu$o
)6. Am$hi"ia: Pi-met cells are also &o!d as ''''' &or colo!ratio.
;ew am$hi"ias ha,e the a"ilit% to cha-e colo!r "% ''' ad '''
o& $i-met cells. This $heomeo is +ow as ''''.
chromatophore, expansion, contraction, Metachrosis
)65. Am$hi"ia: Two $airs o& lim"s hel$ i swimmi- i water ad
mo,i- o lad. The &orelim"s ha,e '''' !m"er3 &i-ers while
the hid#lim"s ha,e '''' !m"er3 &i-ers. The di-its ''''
ha,e2do ot ha,e3 ails ad claws.
four, five, do not have
)66. Am$hi"ia: The mo!th is "i- i siFe. Both the aws ha,e ''''
similar2di&&eret3 teeth. The teeth are ''''( '''' ad ''' t%$e. I
&ro-s the teeth are o& '''' t%$e. The s!s$esori!m o& aws i
am$hi"ias is ''''.
similar, pleurodont, homodont, polyphyodont, autostylic, 0crodont
)67. Am$hi"ia: A well de,elo$ed ad '''' alimetar% caal( alo- with
di-esti,e ''''( is $reset i the di-esti,e s%stem. '''' -lads are
a"set i &ro-s.
complete, glands,
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)68. Am$hi"ia: The alimetar% caal( !riar% "ladder ad -eital d!cts
o$e ito the ''''.
cloaca
)70. Am$hi"ia: Res$iratio ta+es $lace "% -ills( l!-s or '''' ca,it%.
The% ha,e two ostrils. This coditio is called ''''.
buccopharyngeal, dirhynous
)71. Am$hi"ia: The heart has '''' cham"ers # '''' a!ricles ad ''''
,etricle. '''' '''' ad '''' '''' is well de,elo$ed.
three, two, one,
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)77. Am$hi"ia: erte"rae are o& the '''' t%$e i which the cetr!m is
'''' coca,e2co,e3 &rom the aterior side ad ''''
coca,e2co,e3 &rom the $osterior side.procoelus, concave, convex
)78. Am$hi"ia: The middle ear has ol% oe ear ossicle called the ''''
sta$es3. The '''' re$resets the ear. E%es ha,e ''''.
columella, tympanum, eyelids
)80. Am$hi"ia: The% ha,e ''' $airs o& craial er,es. The ''' '''
sesor% s%stem is ecessaril% &o!d i some state o& de,elo$met.
I &ro-s it is &o!d ol% i the '''' sta-e.
1", lateral line, larval
)81. Am$hi"ia: The ecretor% or-as cosist o& oe $air o& +ide%s.
These +ide%s are '''' or '''' t%$e.
mesonephric, opisthonephric
)8). Am$hi"ias are '''' ecretor% material "ased3. Howe,er( tailed
aimals ad lar,ae are ''''.
ureotelic, ammoniotelic
)8/. Am$hi"ias are ''''' cold "looded3 aimals. The% -o ito
hi"eratio or '''' to $re,et themsel,es &rom etreme cold ad
heat ad to o,ercome &a,o!ra"le coditios.poikiolothermic, aestivation
)84. Am$hi"ias are '''' !ise!al2"ise!al3 aimals. Males(
sometimes( ha,e '''' or-as. These aimals ret!r to water &rom
lad &or re$rod!ctio.
unisexual, copulatory
)8. Am$hi"ia: ;ertiliFatio is '''' iteral2eteral3 ad iside ''''.
$1
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Howe,er( some aimals do show iteral &ertilisatio.
external, water
)85. Am$hi"ias are '''' o,i$aro!s2,i,i$aro!s3. The e--s are laid i
water ad are o& the '''' ad '''' t%$e. Etraem"r%oic
mem"raes are a"set. Hece( the% are $lace i the aamiota
-ro!$.
oviparous, mesolecithal, telolecithal
)86. Am$hi"ia: The clea,a-e i e--s is '''' ad ''''. De,elo$met is
'''' direct2idirect3. I &ro-s there is the '''' lar,a. Isalamaders there is the '''' lar,a.
holoblastic, uneual, indirect, tadpole, axolotl
)87. Am$hi"ia is di,ided ito three orders. >ame them.
9ymnophiona or 0poda, (audata or rodela and 0nura or OPHIO>A OR APODA
)88. The "od% o& -%mo$hioa is ''''#li+e. The% are '''' am$hi"ias
ad o& '''' at!re. The% do ot ha,e ''''.
worm, primitive, burrowing, limbs
/00. ''''' is a lim"less( "lid worm witho!t ''''. The% ha,e '''' o
their "od%.
#chthyophis %Caecilian&, tongue, scales
)3 ORDER CADATA OR RODE?A
/01. The "od% o& ca!date is distictl% di,ided ito the head( tr!+ ad
tail. The tail ma% ha,e '''' &i.
caudal
/0). Ca!data: Match the &ollowi-:
A>IMA? I>;ORMATIO>
1) Salamandra a) ;t is called water dog or mud
$2
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puppy)
2) Proteus b) (ongo-eel
) Am"ystoma c) ;t has the longest gestation
period)
$) Triton d) Mud eel
#) *ecturus e) .ell =ender
+) Amphiuma f) ;t is the cave salamander) ;t is
blind)
) Siren g) 6ewt
/) Crypto"ranches h) ;t is the tiger salamander)
1-c, 2-f, -h, $-g, #-a, +-b, -d, /-e
/0/. *alamadra is '''' o,i$aro!s2,i,i$aro!s3. Its lar,a is called ''''
lar,a. It sometimes shows '''''.
viviparous, axolotl, neoteny
/04. >O?ED9E: I eote%( the $h%siolo-ical or somatic
de,elo$met o& a aimal is slowed or dela%ed. As a res!lt( ad!lts
retai traits $re,io!sl% see ol% i !,eiles.
---
/0. The ti-er salamader has a '''' lar,a.
axolotl
/05. *ecturusshows $ermaet '''''. '''' are $reset i ad!lts.
neoteny, 9ills
/06. The lar-est RBC is $reset i the ca!data '''''.
Amphiuma
/07. The lar-est am$hi"ia is '''''. It is &!ll% aG!atic.
Crypto'ranches
ORDER A>RA OR *A?IE>TIA
$
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/08. A!ra are s$eci&ic aimals where the '''' is a"set i ad!lts.
tail
/10. All &ro-s ad toads are icl!ded i the Order ''''.
0nura
/11. A!ra: The ,erte"ral col!m is small ad has ''' ,erte"ra. The
last ,erte"ra is stic+#li+e ca called ''''.
#-!, urostyle
/1). A!ra: The e%e has ''''. '''' -lads are $reset i the e%e. The
lower lid is '''' mo,a"le2immo,a"le3 while the !$$er lid is ''''
mo,a"le2immo,a"le3.
lids, *ear, movable, immovable
/1/. A!ra: ''' teeth are $reset i the !$$er aw. It is a"set i ''''.
Maxillary, toads
/14. A!ra: The middle ear is '''' a"set2$reset3. The t%m$aic
mem"rae is ''''' $reset2a"set3. The% ha,e well#de,elo$ed
,ocal '''''.
present, present, sacs
/1. A!ra: ;ertiliFatio is '''' iteral2eteral3. De,elo$met is '''
direct2idirect3. '''' lar,a is &o!d i them. E-- la%i-(
&ertilisatio ad de,elo$met is alwa%s i ''''.external, indirect, *adpole, water
/15. A!ra: Metamor$hosis is ''''' com$lete2icom$lete3.
complete
/16. A!ra: Match the &ollowi-:
Aimal I&ormatio
1. Bu+o A. Idia "!ll &ro-.). Hyla B. Midwi&e toad
$$
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/. !ana tigrina C. ?ar-est &ro-
4. !hacophorus D. ;ire "ellied toad. Also
called
. Alytes E. Commo toad
5. Pipa Americana ;. *mallest &ro-. ;o!d i
C!"a.
6. !ana goliath 9. Tree &ro-
7. Phyllo"ates H. A&rica toad
8. Discoglossus I. *!riam toad
10. enopus . ;l%i- &ro-
1-E, 2-9, -0, $-A, #-=, +-;, -(, /-4, !-:, 1"-.
/17. I the commo toad( the $oiso -lads are modi&icatio o& the ''''
-lad.
parotid
/18. I the Idia "!ll &ro-( the '''' "oe is &o!d ti$ o& the lower
aw3.
mentomechanical
/)0.
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/)/. ?oo+ at the $ict!re o&-chthyophis"elow.
/)4. ?oo+ at the $ict!res o& &ro-s2toads "elow ad !derstad the
di&&eret "od% $arts.
/). ?oo+ at the &i-!re "elow &or di&&eret t%$es o& cetr!m o&
,erte"rae.
KE*TIO>* ;ROM DI>E*HPROTOCHORDATA: O?. I: PA9E 4)8
$+
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/)5. /. hich oe o& the &ollowi- is a $rotochordate
A. Am$hio!s
B. ?am$re%
C. ?a"eo
D. Eocoet!s
0
/)6. 5. A &ree swimmi- !rochordate is
A. Herdmaia
B. Botr%ll!s
C. *al$a
D. Cioa
(
/)7. 6. A mem"er o& ce$halochordata is
A. Herdmaia
B. Cioa
C. Am$hio!s
D. Balao-loss!s
(
/)8. 8. A c!rret o& water is $rod!ced i Brachiostoma "%
A. Cilia
B. CirriC. heel or-a
D. Rostr!m
=
//0. 11. The aterior $art o& Am$hio!s is
A. Oral hood
B. Rostr!m
$
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C. Mo!th
D. Both A ad B
=
//1. 1). Ce$halochordate Brachiostoma $ossesses
A. ?aterall% com$ressed s$idle#sha$ed "od%
B. Ca!dal &i
C. Dorsal ad ,etral &is
D. All the a"o,e
:
//). 1/. He$atic $ortal s%stem has e,ol,ed i $rotochordates
A. Hemichordates
B. rochordates
C. Ce$halochordates
D. All the a"o,e
(
///. 14. I Am$hio!s( circ!lator% s%stem is
A. Closed
B. itho!t heart
C. itho!t res$irator% $i-met
D. All the a"o,e
:
//4. 1. Brachiostoma is
A. ;ilter &eeder
B. Cari,oro!s
C. Omi,oro!s
D. Her"i,oro!s
0
$/
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//. 15. I !rochordates( the chordate characters are
A. ell de,elo$ed
B. Preset ol% i lar,a
C. Preset i ad!lt
D. Preset "oth i ad!lt ad lar,a
=
//5. 16. The lar,a o& !rochordates cotais otochord
A. Thro!-ho!t
B. Head re-io
C. Tail re-io
D. Tr!+ re-io
(
//6. 17. A ascidia is
A. Balao-loss!s
B. Herdmaia
C. Brachiostoma
D. >oe o& the a"o,e
=
//7. )1. Retro-ressi,e metamor$hosis is $ec!liar to
A. rochordates
B. HemichordatesC. Ce$halochordates
D. All the a"o,e
0
//8. )). Mo!th o& Herdmaia is
A. Atrial a$ert!re
B. Ec!rret a$ert!re
$!
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C. Brachial a$ert!re
D. Both A ad B
(
/40. )/. Atrial ad "rachial a$ert!res o& Herdmaia are s!rro!ded
"%
A. Two li$s
B. Three li$s
C. ;o!r li$s
D. ;i,e li$s
(
/41. )4. ater c!rret is maitaied i Herdmaia "%
A. Rh%thmic cotractios o& t!ic
B. O$ei- ad closi- o& atrial ad "rachial a$ert!res
C. Cotractio o& ic!rret si$ho
D. Cilia "orderi- -ill slits
:
/4). ). ?acelet is
A. Hermaia
B. *al$a
C. Brachiostoma
D. Doliol!m(
/4/. )6. Part to Herdmaia em"edded i sad is
A. Test
B. ;oot
C. T!ic
D. Both A ad C=
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/44. )7. Herdmaia is
A. *ea $!rse
B. *ea sG!irtC. *ea $otato
D. Both B ad C
:
/4. )8. hich oe emits et o& water whe dist!r"ed
A. Balao-loss!s
B. Herdmaia
C. *al$a
D. Brachiostoma
=
/45. /0. I ad!lt !rochordate( the dorsal er,e cord o& lar,a is cha-ed
ito
A. 9a-lio
B. Brai ad s$ial cord
C. Brai ad er,e cord
D. Remais as s!ch
0
/46. /1. I ce$halochordates( the coelom is
A. Red!ced
B. A"set
C. *chiFocoel
D. ?ied "% ectoderm
0
/47. /). Coelom o& !rochordate is
A. *chiFocoel
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B. A"set
C. Eterocoel
D. *e-meted
=
/48. /. hich oe swallows m!d
A. Am$hio!s
B. *ea sG!irt
C. To-!e worm
D. As%mmetro
(
/0. /5. I hemichordates( the dorsal er,e cord is
A. A"set
B. Preset thro!-ho!t
C. Restricted to to-!e re-io
D. Restricted to collar re-io
:
/1. /6. Coelom o& hemichordates is
A. *chiFocoel
B. Eterocoel
C. Eterocoel with di&&eretiatio o& three re-ios
D. A"set0
/). 41. >otochord li+e str!ct!re o& hemichordates is
A. Protochord
B. *tomochord
C. Palli!m
D. 9lomer!l!s=
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//. 4). Phar%-eal -ill slits are dorsal i
A. Ce$halochordates
B. rochordatesC. Hemichordates
D. E!chordates
(
/4. 4/. Protochordate are
A. Marie
B. ;reshwater
C. Terrestrial
D. All the a"o,e
0
/. 4. Chorda dorsalis is
A. Dorsal solid er,e cord
B. Dorsal hollow er,e cord
C. >otochord
D. *tomochord
(
/5. 45. Amo-st chordates( the $aired a$$eda-es are a"set i
A. Hemichordata
B. rochordata
C. Ce$halochordates
D. All the a"o,e
:
/6. 47. >otochord is !sed i
A. Attachmet o& m!scles
B. De,elo$met o& dorsal er,e cord
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C. ;ormatio o& -ill slits
D. De,elo$met o& +ide%s
0
/7. 48. >otochord is
A. ;lat $late
B. Rod#li+e
C. Made o& t!r-id ,ac!olated cells
D. Both B ad C
:
/8. 0. E$idermis o& chordates is
A. *i-le la%ered
B. Trasitioal
C. *trati&ied
D. A"set
(
/50. 1. 9ill slits o& chordates are
A. Paired
B. ?ateral $er&oratios
C. Phar%-eal
D. All the a"o,e
:
/51. 6. ?ar,a o& Balao-loss!s is
A. M!ller=s lar,a
B. Tad$ole
C. Toraria
D. etro-e lar,a
(
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/5). 50. I which -ro!$( the otochord is limited to ol% aterior $art or
$ro"oscis
A. Hemichordata
B. rochordata
C. Ce$halochordata
D. Mammalia
0
/5/. 54. >otochord occ!rs ol% i the lar,a o&
A. Balao-loss!s
B. Am$hio!s
C. Herdmaia
D. Ce$halodisc!s
(
/54. 5. Phos$horescece occ!rs i
A. *al$a
B. P%rosoma
C. Petrom%Fo
D. Raa
=
/5. 55. 9ro!$ where ad!lts are de-eerated while lar,a are well
de,elo$ed isA. T!icata
B. A-atha
C. Am$hi"ia
D. Ce$halochordata
0
/55. 60. T!icates are
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A. Miotro$hic
B. Parasitic
C. Macro$ha-o!s
D. Ciliar% &eeders:
/56. 6/. >otochord occ!rs i the em"r%oic sta-e i
A. *ome chordates
B. All chordates
C. All ,erte"rates
D. *ome ,erte"rates
=
/57. 6. Acor worms are icl!ded i
A. Cestoda
B. Trematoda
C. Hemichordata
D. Echiodermata
(
/58. 67. Retro-ressi,e metamor$hosis is &o!d i
A. Ce$halochordata
B. rochordata
C. ;ishesD. Am$hi"ia
=
/60. 68. hich o& the &ollowi- statemets is2are ot tr!e
a3 I !rochordata( otochord is $reset ol% i lar,al tail
"3 I ce$halochordate( otochord eteds &rom head to tail
c3 Brachiostoma "elo-s to hemichordate
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d3 Ol% oe class o& li,i- mem"ers( class c%clostoma( re$resets
the s!$er class a-atha.
A. a( " ad d ol%
B. c( d ad a ol%
C. c ol%
D. a ad d ol%
E. c ad d ol%
(
/61. 74. *tomochord is &o!d i
A. Hemichordata
B. Ce$halochordata
C. rochordata
D. Both B ad C
0
/6). 7. Pro"oscis -lad i Balao-loss!s is associated with
A. Di-estio
B. Res$iratio
C. Ecretio
D. Re$rod!ctio
E. Circ!latio
(
CHEC @OR 9RA*P: PROTOCHORDATA: PA9E 4/6
/6/. C@9 1: Hemichordata costit!te a coecti- li+ "etwee
A. Protochordates ad chordates
B. Echioderms ad chordates
C. Moll!scs ad echioderms
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D. Moll!scs ad chordates
=
/64. C@9 ): al,eless si-le#cham"ered heart is &o!d i
A. Herdmaia
B. *coliodo
C. Catla
D. Am$hio!s
0
/6. C@9 /: aadoc%tes occ!r iA. Ce$halochordates
B. rochordates
C. Hemichordates
D. All the a"o,e
=
/65. C@9 : >!tritio o& Balao-loss!s is
A. Pha-otro$hic
B. Parasitic
C. *a$roFoic
D. All the a"o,e
(
/66. C@9 5: *tomochord is ot similar to otochord "eca!se it is
A. Hollow
B. O!t-rowth o& -!t
C. O!t-rowth o& er,e cord
D. I-rowth o& "od% wall
0
/67. C@9 6: >otochord occ!rs "etwee
#/
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A. Bod% wall ad dorsal er,e cord
B. Dorsal er,e cord ad alimetar% caal
C. etral er,e cord ad alimetar% caal
D. etral er,e cord ad "od% wall=
/68. C@9 8: I !rochordates( ecretio is
A. >e$hridi!m
B. 9lad!lar
C. Protoe$hridial
D. Real
=
/70. C@9 10: *tar,atio leads to decrease i siFe o&
A. Balao-loss!s
B. *acco-loss!s
C. Herdmaia
D. Brachiostoma
(
/71. C@9 11: O dist!r"ace( Herdmaia emits et o& water &rom its
A. ;oot
B. Atrial a$ert!re
C. Brachial a$ert!reD. Both B ad C
:
A9>ATHA A>D PI*CE*: O?. I: PA9E 4/7
/7). 1. ;l%i- &ish is
A. Tor$edo
B. *coliodo
C. A-!illa
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D. Eocoet!s
:
/7/. 4. >o#tetra$od ,erte"rates cotai
A. Osteich%thes ad chodrichth%es
B. A-atha( osteichth%es ad chodrichth%es
C. A-atha ad chodrichth%es
D. A-atha
=
/74. . Cartila-io!s &ishes do ot cotaiA. ;is
B. 9ill co,er2o$erc!l!m
C. *cales
D. Mo!th
=
/7. 5. hich is a coecti- li+ "etwee &ishes ad am$hi"ias
A. Cat&ish
B. 9am"!sia
C. Proto$ter!s
D. Cl!$ea
(
/75. 6. Potamodromo!s &ishes mi-rate &rom
A. ;resh to &resh water
B. ;resh to marie water
C. Marie to &resh water
D. Marie to marie water
0
/76. 7. Oceaodromo!s &ishes mi-rate &rom
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A. ;resh to &resh water
B. ;resh to marie water
C. Marie to &resh water
D. Marie to marie water:
/77. 1/. A scale#less &ish is
A. *coliodo
B. Remora
C. Cat&ish
D. ?a"eo
(
/78. 1. Chodrichth%es ca "e di&&eretiated &rom osteichth%es
eterall% "%
A. >a+ed -ills
B. Heterocercal tail
C. etral mo!th
D. All the a"o,e
:
/80. 15. ;ish characteristic is
A. Dermal scales
B. E$idermal scalesC. ?ateral lie or-as
D. Both A ad C
:
/81. 18. *har+s are
A. O,o,i,i$aro!s
B. i,i$aro!s
+1
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C. O,i$aro!s
D. >oe o& the a"o,e
0
/8). )1. ?ateral lie or-as occ!r i
A. ;ishes
B. ;ishes ad am$hi"ia lar,ae
C. Cartila-io!s &ishes ad am$hi"ia lar,ae
D. ;ishes ad lar,ae o& other ,erte"rates
=
/8/. )). The t%m$a!m is a"set i
A. Do- &ish
B. Cat &ish
C. Bo% &ishes
D. All the &ishes
:
/84. )/. A homocercal tail is &o!d i
A. Teleosts
B. *har+s
C. Ra%s
D. ?!- &ishes
0
/8. ). Paired &is o& &ishes are
A. Ca!dal ad ,etral
B. Dorsal ad ,etral
C. Pectoral ad $el,ic
D. Ca!dal ad $ectoral
(
+2
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/85. )6. The s!c+er o& Remora is modi&icatio o&
A. Dorsal &i
B. Pectoral &i
C. Mo!th
D. O$erc!l!m
0
/86. )8. Iteral aris is $reset i
A. A-atha
B. Chodrichth%es
C. Osteichth%es
D. Choaichth%es
E. >oe o& the a"o,e
(
/87. /0. ?atimeria is
A. Coelacath
B. Has two dorsal &is
C. Possesses two $airs o& eteral ares
D. All the a"o,e
:
/88. /1. I ?atimeria( the &is are
A. All lo"edB. >o#lo"ed
C. ?o"ed ece$t dorsal &is
D. ?o"ed ece$t $el,ic &is
(
400. /). ?atimeria swims "% meas o&
A. ;la$$i- mo,emet o& its $ectoral ad $el,ic &is
+
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B. Rotatioal mo,emet o& its $ectoral &is
C. ;la$$i- mo,emet o& $ectoral &is ad rotatioal mo,emet
o& $el,ic &is
D. Rotatioal mo,emet o& tail &i=
401. //. ?!- &ish o& A&rica is
A. Proto$ter!s
B. ?e$idosire
C. >eoceratod!s
D. M!raea
0
40). /4. ?!- &ish &o!d i A!stralia
A. ?e$idosire
B. >eoceratod!s
C. M!raea
D. C%$ri!s
=
40/. /. ?e$idosire
A. Mac+erel
B. *ardie
C. America l!- &ishD. Pilot &ish
(
404. /5. *almo is
A. allo-oia
B. *ardiella
C. D!ss!mieria
+$
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D. *com"er
=
40. /7. ?!- &ishes
A. co,ered well de,elo$ed -ills
B. Co,ered well de,elo$ed -ills
C. Red!ced "!t co,ered -ills
D. Air "ladder
:
405. /8. ?!- &ishesA. *eldom swim
B. *wim li+e eels
C. Cree$ o,er $aired &is
D. Both B ad C
:
406. 40. Dorsal ad ,etral &is are coti!o!s with ca!dal &i i
A. ?!- &ishes
B. Eel
C. Both A ad B
D. *ea horse
(
407. 4). Hi$$ocam$!s has
A. Head at ri-ht a-les to "od%
B. Prehesile tail
C. Ol% dorsal &i ad red!ced $ectoral &is
D. All the a"o,e
:
408. 4/. A t!"!lar so!t with termial mo!th occ!rs i
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A. *olea
B. Hi$$ocam$!s
C. Echeeis
D. A-!illa=
410. 44. Eocoet!s is a"le to lea$ ito air "% meas o&
A. ?ar-e stro- $ectoral &is
B. Power&!l tail
C. Pel,ic &is
D. *!ddel% &lashi- o& dorsal ad ,etral &is
=
411. 4. Clim"i- $erch is a"le to cree$ o,er lad "% meas o&
A. Pectoral &is
B. O$erc!lar s$ies
C. Both A ad B
D. ?o"ed &is
(
41). 45. Dorsal ad ,etral &is o& Aa"as ha,e
A. *ti&& ra%s
B. *o&t ra%s
C. *ti&& ra%s i aterior re-io ad so&t ra%s i $osterior re-ioD. *o&t ra%s i aterior re-io ad sti&& ra%s i $osterior re-io
(
41/. 46. A her"i,oro!s &ish is
A. ?a"eo
B. Rita
C. Aa"as
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D. All the a"o,e
0
414. 47. As com$ared to cartila-io!s &ishes( "o% &ishes ha,e dorsal &i
A. *i-le istead o& two
B. Two istead o& oe
C. *i-le i "oth
D. Two i "oth
0
41. 48. Pel,ic &is o& "o% &ishes areA. >ear tail
B. >ear ,etral &is
C. I middle
D. Aterior "elow $ectoral &is
:
415. 0. $aired eteral aris occ!r i
A. Petrom%Fo
B. Tor$edo
C. Aa"as
D. *olea
0
416. 1. *croll ,al,e is $reset i
A. Res$irator% s%stem o& cartila-io!s &ishes
B. Itestie o& cartila-io!s &ishes
C. Itestie o& "o% &ishes
D. Res$irator% s%stem o& "o% &ishes
=
417. ). I Tor$edo or Electric Ra%( the electric or-as are modi&ied
+
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A. >er,e ets
B. Cartila-e com$lees
C. Brachial m!scles
D. Res$irator% cetres(
418. /. I sti- ra%( the sti-er is modi&ied
A. Dorsal &i
B. etral &i
C. Aal &i
D. Ca!dal &i
0
4)0. . Clas$ers o& male *coliodo de,elo$ i relatio to
A. Pectoral &is
B. Pel,ic &is
C. Aal or ,etral &i
D. Dorsal &is
=
4)1. 6. Ca!dal &i is heterocercal i "o% &ish
A. *olea
B. Aa"as
C. A-!illaD. Eocoet!s
:
4)). 7. Cartila-io!s &ishes are
A. reotelic
B. Ammootelic
C. ricotelic
+/
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D. Amiotelic
0
4)/. 50. ?o$hi!s occ!rs i
A. ;reshwater $ods
B. *treams
C. *ea "ottom
D. *ea shores
(
4)4. 51. ?o$hi!s is $o$!larl% calledA. A-ler &ish
B. De,il &ish
C. ;ro- &ish
D. All the a"o,e
:
4). 5). A-ler &ish attracts its $re% thro!-h
A. Bait $reset o,er the ti$ o& &irst ra%
B. ?ea& li+e s+i &la$s
C. Phos$horescece
D. All the a"o,e
:
4)5. 5/. ?ates occ!rs i
A. *ea
B. Est!ar%
C. ;reshwater $ods
D. M!dd% waters
=
4)6. 54. ?ata &ish is
+!
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A. Chaa
B. ?ates
C. Hetero$e!stes
D. Catla0
4)7. 5. A &ish ca$a"le o& hi"erati- d!ri- dro!-ht is
A. Hetero$e!stes
B. Chaa
C. Catla
D. ?ates
=
4)8. 55. A &ish o& m!dd% waters is
A. Catla
B. ?a"eo
C. Hetero$e!stes
D. Diodo
(
4/0. 56. A &reshwater &ish( which ca i&lict i!r% to its $re% ad other
aimals is
A. Clari!s
B. Hetero$e!stesC. *olea
D. 9am"!sia
=
4/1. 64. ?i,i- &ossil is
A. Do- &ish
B. ;l%i- &ish
"
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C. Dodo
D. Coelacath2?atimeria
:
4/). 7). Edos+eleto is cartila-io!s i
A. Elasmo"rachs
B. Di$oi
C. Moll!sca
D. Osteichth%es
0
4//. 74. Isi-lass -elatie#li+e tras$aret s!"stace3 i o"taied &rom
A. Air "ladder o& &ishes
B. *cales o& &ishes
C. ?i,er o& &ro-
D. Cartila-e o& shar+
0
4/4. 7. hich oe is a mi-rator% &ish
A. *har+
B. Ri""o &ish
C. *almo
D. Car$
(
4/. 75. *ha-ree is s+i o&
A. Cod &ish
B. *ole &ish
C. *har+
D. hale
(
1
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4/5. 76. Teleost &ish is di&&eretiated eterall% &rom elasmo"rach &ish
"%
A. Edos+eleto
B. Eos+eleto
C. O$erc!l!m
D. *tream#lied "od%
(
4/6. 80. ;ish ,erte"rates ori-iated d!ri-
A. De,oia
B. *il!ria
C. Car"oi&ero!s
D. Ordo,icia
:
4/7. 88. I &ast swimmi- &ishes( $ro$!lsio is mail% d!e to
A. Pel,ic &is
B. Ca!dal &is
C. Dorsal &i
D. Pectoral &is
=
4/8. 100. Elasmo"rachs lac+
A. 9ill slitsB. O$erc!l!m
C. >otochord
D. Placoid scales
=
440. 10). Her"i,oro!s car$s are
A. ?a"eo ad Hilsa
2
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B. Catla ad Ma-!r
C. *har+ ad *i-la
D. All the a"o,e
0
441. 10/. ;irst ,erte"rates are
A. Ostractodermi
B. Placodermi
C. C%clostomates
D. Choaochth%es
0
44). 105. A idi-eo!s &ish !sed i "iolo-ical cotrol is
A. Catla
B. ?a"estes
C. 9am"!sia
D. A$locheil!s
=
44/. 106. ;ishes with swim "ladder witho!t direct comm!icatio with
eterior ad where there is little se$aratio o& secretor% ad
a"sor"et $arts are
A. Ph%sostomes
B. Ph%soclistsC. E!$h%soclists
D. Para$h%soclists
:
444. 107. *teohalie &ishes are
A. Marie &ishes ol%
B. Those which tolerate arrow ra-e o& saliit%
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C. Those which tolerate wide ra-e o& saliit%
D. ;reshwater &ishes ol%
=
44. 108. *almo &ishes are also +ow as
A. Tro!t
B. Cod
C. Cartila-io!s &ishes
D. Bo% &ishes
0
445. 115. Assertio: ?ateral lie s%stem is &o!d i &ishes ad aG!atic
lar,al am$hi"ias.
Reaso: ?ateral lie s%stem has rece$tors( which are the cl!sters o&
sesor% cells deri,ed &ro ectoderm.
0ssertion is correct but the >eason is wrong)
446. 116. ;ishes ha,e $oor sese or-as &or
A. *o!d $erce$tio
B. i"ratios
C. Odo!rs
D. ?i-ht $erce$tio
0
447. 118. Tooth#sha$ed scales are
A. C%cloid
B. Cteoid
C. 9aoid
D. Placoid
:
448. 1)1. 9rowi- more tha oe s$ecies o& &ish i the same water "od%
$
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is
A. Moric!lt!re
B. AG!ac!lt!re
C. Mooc!lt!re
D. Pol%c!lt!re
:
40. 1)/. I cartila-io!s &ishes( resti&orm ro$e#li+e3 "odies occ!r i
A. Heart
B. Brai
C. E%es
D. Itestie
=
41. 1). Air "ladder occ!rs i
A. Tor$edo
B. *coliodo
C. Aa"as
D. Elasmo"rach
(
4). 1)6. I elasmo"rachs( o,id!cts are called
A. ol&&ia d!cts
B. ;allo$ia t!"esC. M!lleria d!cts
D. M!lleria "odies
(
4/. 1)7. Assertio: ;ish meal is rich so!rce o& $rotei &or cattle ad
$o!ltr%.
Reaso: ;ish meal is $rod!ced "% o#edi"le $arts o& &ishes li+e
#
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&is( tails( etc.
0ssertion is correct but >eason is wrong)
44. 1)8. hich oe is a Cat ;ish
A. ?a"eo rohita
B. Catla catla
C. Cirrhia mri-ala
D. alla-o att!
:
4. 1/0. Placoid scales are &o!d iA. Cartila-io!s &ishes2shar+s2chodrichth%es
B. Bo% &ishes2osteichth%es
C. ?!- &ishes
D. All the a"o,e
0
45. 1/1. Pacreas is a"set i
A. Am$hi"ia
B. Osteichth%es
C. Chodrichth%es
D. C%clostomata
:
46. 1//. Hi$$ocam$!s "elo-s to class
A. A-atha
B. Chodrichth%es
C. Osteichth%es
D. Mammals
(
47. 1/5. Illici!m is modi&ied
+
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A. Dorsal &i
B. ;irst dorsal s$ie
C. *cales
D. Ca!dal &i=
48. 1/7. hich is correctl% $aired
A. Pristis *aw &ish
B. Tr%-o Moitor
C. Ichth%o$his Crow
D. ara!s *ti- ra%
E. Cor,!s ?im"less am$hi"ia
0
450. 14). >!m"er o& -ills &o!d i osteichth%es is
A. Two $airs
B. ;o!r $airs
C. ;i,e $airs
D. 5 1 $airs
E. 1) $airs
=
451. 14/. hich is ot a maor car$
A. Cirrhi!s mri-alaB. ?a"eo rohita
C. P!ti!s tieto
D. Cteo$har%-odo idella
(
45). 144. 9ro!$ aamiota icl!des
A. ;ishes ad am$hi"ias
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B. Re$tiles ad "irds
C. Birds ad mammals
D. Re$tiles ad mammals
0
45/. 14. 9lomer!lar +ide% occ!rs i &ish
A. T!li$ia
B. Cirrhi!s
C. *$h%ra
D. Eocoet!s
:
454. 145. hat is tr!e o& >eaceratod!s
a. It is a cross$ter%-ia &ish
". It is &o!d i ri,er ch!t!rac
c. It does ot ehi"it aesti,atio
d. It is a !reotelic aimal
A. a ad "
B. " ad d
C. a ad c
D. a ad d
(
45. 146. Pectoral &ish are elar-ed iA. Hi$$ocam$!s
B. Eocoet!s
C. Coccoste!s
D. *coliodo
=
455. 148. Isi-lass is em$lo%ed i
/
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A. Pre$aratio o& wies
B. Distillatio o& wies
C. Preser,atio o& wies
D. Cleari- o& wies:
456. 1. The most $rimiti,e ,erte"rates are
A. Ostracoderms
B. Ce$halochordates
C. Placoderms
D. C%clostomates
0
457. 15. erte"rates costit!te a$$roimatel% ''' o& the total
aimals
A.
B. 10
C. 1
D. )0
0
458. 18. Air "ladder is $reset i
A. *tar &ishes
B. Chodrichth%esC. Actio$ter%-ii
D. ;l%i- &ishes
(
460. 150. ;ish -l!e is o"taied &rom
A. Air "ladder ad s+i
B. ?i,er ad s+i
!
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B. a#G( "#r( c#s( d#$( e#t
C. G#r( "#$( c#t( d#G( e#s
D. a#r( "#t( c#G( d#$( e#s
E. a#t( "#r( c#G( d#$( e#s:
46. 158. aw o& shar+s cotais
A. Thecodot teeth
B. Ple!rodot teeth
C. Acrodot teeth
D. >oe o& the a"o,e
(
465. 160. I chodrichth%es( clas$ers are see o
A. Pel,ic &is o& male
B. Pel,ic &is o& &emale
C. O$erc!l!m o& "oth sees
D. Aro!d aws
0
CHEC @OR 9RA*P: PA9E 4)466. C@9 ): ?ar-e $ectoral &is iserted dorsall% ad $ower&!l tail
occ!r i
A. Remora
B. Aa"as
C. Tr%-o
D. Eocoet!s
0
/1
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467. C@9 5: ?ar-e mo,a"le s$ies occ!r i &ish
A. Diodo
B. Eocoet!sC. Aa"as
D. Echeeis
0
468. C@9 7: A shar+( which o&te asceds Hoo-l% is
A. *coliodo
B. Rhiodo
C. Carcharhi!s
D. *aw &ish
(
AMPHIBIA: O?. I: PA9E 4/
470. 5. T%m$a!m or ear dr!m occ!rs i
A. Bo% &ishes
B. Cartila-io!s &ishes
C. >ect!r!s
D. >oe o& the a"o,e
:
471. 6. A lim"less am$hi"ia is
A. Am$hi!ma
B. >ect!r!s
C. raeot%$hl!s
D. Cr%$to"raches
(
47). 8. A &ro- has
/2
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A. ;i,e &i-ers ad &o!r toes
B. ;o!r &i-ers ad &i,e toes
C. ;i,e &i-ers ad &i,e toes
D. ;o!r &i-ers ad &o!r toes:
47/. 57. ;ro-2toad "elo- to order
A. A$oda
B. A!ra
C. rodela
D. Ca!data
=
474. 58. The &!ctioal +ide% o& &ro- tad$ole is
A. Archie$hros
B. Proe$hros
C. Mesoe$hros
D. Metae$hros
=
47. 61. >eote% is characteristic o&
A. B!&o
B. Ichth%o$his
C. Am"%stomaD. Raa
(
475. 6). Ece$t mammals( l!-s occ!r i
A. Ple!ral ca,it%
B. Ple!ro#$eritoeal ca,it%
C. Thoracic ca,it%
/
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D. Pericardial ca,it%
=
476. 64. Croa+i- o& &ro- is
A. H!-er call
B. *e call &or &emale
C. Da-er call
D. M!sical ote
=
477. 67. Re$rod!ctio i lar,al sta-e is +ow asA. Paedo-eesis
B. Partheo-eesis
C. >eote%
D. >oe o& the a"o,e
0
478. 70. Acestral am$hi"ias or earl% tetra$ods e,ol,ed d!ri-
A. De,oia
B. Car"oi&ero!s
C. Cretaceo!s
D. !rassic
0
480. 71. AG!atic am$hi"ias are ammootelic i
A. Ad!lt sta-e
B. ?ar,al sta-e
C. Immat!re sta-e
D. Both A ad B
:
481. 7/. I &ro-( ell% aro!d e--s is de$osited
/$
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A. I water a&ter &ertiliFatio
B. I water d!ri- &ertiliFatio
C. I the o,id!ct
D. I the o,ar%(
48). 74. O$ei- o& rect!m i &ro- is called
A. Cocc%
B. Cloaca
C. A!s
D. >oe o& the a"o,e
=
48/. 75. *!riam toad is
A. Pi$a
B. Al%tes
C. B!&o
D. Bom"iator
0
484. 76. Toad cotais
A. *ali,ar% -lads( m!c!s -lads ad $arotid -lads
B. *li$$er% s+i( %ellow $i-met ad a"!dat m!c!s -lads
C. Parotid -lads( wart% s+i ad semicirc!lar caalsD. Bi&id to-!e( sli$$er% s+i ad m!c!s -lads
(
48. 78. *tr!ct!re $reset i ma "!t a"set i &ro- is
A. *ali,ar% -lads
B. Pacreas
C. Adreal -lads
/#
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D. Th%roid -lad
0
485. 81. ide% o& &ro- is
A. Archie$hros
B. Proe$hros
C. Mesoe$hros
D. Metae$hros
(
486. 8/. Midwi&e toad isA. B!&o
B. Raa
C. Pi$a
D. Al%tes
:
487. 88. I &ro-( the o,id!ct is &ormed "%
A. ol&&ia d!ct
B. Bidder=s caal
C. Metae$hric d!ct
D. M!lleria d!ct
:
488. 101. hich oe is !se&!l i metamor$hosis o& tad$ole ito &ro-
A. Aldosteroe
B. Th%roie
C. Pit!itar% hormoe
D. O%toci
=
00. 104. hich is ot commo "etwee >ewt ad Hemidact%l!s
/+
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A. Bod% is di,isi"le ito head( ec+( tr!+ ad tail
B. Head has a $air o& e%es ad t%m$aic mem"raes
C. Tr!+ has two $airs o& lim"s
D. Heart is three cham"ered0
01. 106. ?im"less am$hi"ias "elo- to the order
A. A!ra
B. rodela
C. 9%mo$hioa
D. ?issam$hi"ia
(
0). 110. The lar-est RBCs are see i
A. Am$hi"ia
B. Ma
C. Ele$hat
D. hale
0
0/. 11). hich oe o& the &ollowi- traits is ot a characteristic &eat!re
o& am$hi"ias
A. ReG!iremet o& water &or re$rod!ctio
B. Amiotic e--sC. Thi s+i witho!t scales
D. C!taeo!s res$iratio
=
CHEC @OR 9RA*P: PA9E 451
04. C@9 1: A am$hi"ia "eari- lar,al traits is
A. Ichth%o$his
B. Bom"iator
/
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C. >ect!r!s
D. Pi$a
(
0. C@9 ): Prote!s is
A. Marie
B. ;reshwater aG!atic
C. Ca,e dweller
D. Desert am$hi"ia
(
05. C@9 /: Am$hi"ias do ot occ!r i
A. ?ad
B. ;reshwater
C. ?!-s
D. All the a"o,e
:
06. C@9 5: I &ro-s( teeth occ!r o
A. ?ower aw ol%
B. $$er aw ol%
C. Both A ad B
D. >oe o& the a"o,e
=
07. C@9 6: Am$hi"ia lar,ae $ossess
A. 9ills
B. 9ills ad !$aired &is
C. Both $aired ad !$aired &is
D. Both A ad C
=
//
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08. C@9 7: Head cotais sesor% tetacles i
A. Ichth%o$his
B. >ect!r!s
C. *alamadra
D. Al%tes
0
10. C@9 8: D!ri- "reedi- seaso( lateral lies de,elo$ i am$hi"ia
A. *alamadra
B. Am"%stoma
C. Trit!r!s
D. H%la
(
11. C@9 11: 9%mo$hioa is
A. ermi&orm witho!t lim"s
B. Tailless with lo- le-s
C. Etict ad had massi,e edos+eleto
D. *caleless with well de,elo$ed tail
0
/!