Chapter 1 Section 3“Luther Starts the Reformation”

The Reformation

Setting the StageThe _____________ church had come

to dominate religious life in Northern and Western Europe.

People began to criticize many church practices.

Why Does it matter Now?

1. The Renaissance emphasis on the individual challenged ___________.

2. The Printing press spread ideas.3. Germany was divided so it was difficult to

impose a central authority.4. Northern merchants resented paying

_______ to ________.

I. Causes of the Reformation

1. Problems with the Catholic ChurchPeople claimed that the leaders of the church were

_______.Some Popes admitted to spending money on _______

or even having ________.Some priests could barely _______ so it was

impossible for them to teach.Other priests broke vows by marrying, gambling,

or drinking.2. Early Calls for Reform

People wanted higher standards of conduct for priests.

Problems caused a movement for reform:

1. Martin LutherHe taught scripture for most of his life.1517-Indulgences –2. The 95 ThesesOct. 31, 1517 –A printer took Luther’s words, made copies, and soon

they were spread –Luther’s actions started the Reformation.His teachings rested on 3 main ideas:A.B.C.

II. Luther Challenges the Church

III. The Response to LutherLuther was surprised at how fast his ideas spread.1. The Pope’s Threat

The Pope saw Luther as a radical and a threat to the Church

1520- Pope Leo X issued a decree that said –Luther’s students responded by –Luther was eventually _________.

2. The Emperors OppositionHoly Roman Emperor Charles V summoned Luther to

trial and told him to ___________ and Luther _______.Charles V issued the Edict of Worms –Some of Luthers reforms were being practiced like:

Priests dressing in ordinary clothes and services were held in German not Latin.

These people became Lutherans.

Germany was divided into many small provinces with a ______ in charge of each one.

1529 – Princes who remained loyal to the pope joined forces against the followers of Luther. {Catholics}

The Princes who supported Luther protested the Catholic Church and became known as Protestants.

The Princes who supported the Pope won the war but they could not force people to be Catholic.

The Holy Roman Emperor ordered that all Princes meet in Augsburg in 1555 and they wrote the Peace of Augsburg –

3. Germany at War

1. Henry VIII Wants a SonHenry was a devout Catholic and needed a son to

be –His wife Catherine of Aragon had one daughter.

{Mary}1527 – His wife was 42 and he wanted to divorce

her but the Catholic Church did not allow divorce.He then asked the pope to _______ his marriage

and the pope said _____ because Catherine’s nephew was a powerful ruler.

2. The Reformation Parliament1529 –1533 –1534 – Act of Supremacy –

IV. England becomes Protestant

Anne Boleyn gave him a daughter and eventually imprisoned and beheaded her.

He married four more times and eventually had a son named Edward.

1547 Henry VIII died and each of his kids had a chance to rule.

Edward VI ruled and the Protestants gained power.Mary ruled next. She was Edward’s half sister and

the daughter of Catherine,{first wife} she was catholic and had many Protestants killed.

Elizabeth, Anne Boleyn’s daughter, was next and she was Protestant.

3. Consequences of Henry’s Changes

1558 –She set up the Church of England or Anglican

Church.Everyone had to go to church or they would be

fined.She tried to take a little of both Religions. For

the Protestants she said Priests could marry and sermons would be in English. For the Catholics she said –

4. Elizabeth Restores Protestantism

Henry's WifesStarts with Catherine a move s clockwise.

Elizabeth faced an invasion from the Catholic King of Spain (PhilipII) because –

1588 –July 29 –Elizabeth was constantly short of money.

5. The Spanish Armada