Martin Luther Starts the Reformation

Martin Luther’s protest over abuses in the Catholic Church led to the founding of Protestant churches.

I. CAUSES OF THE REFORMATIONA. Secular and humanistic ideas challenged

church authority

B. Germans resisted payment to the church in Rome

C. Problems in the Catholic Church1. Corruption (especially Popes)2. Illiterate priests

D. Early Calls for Reform1. John Wycliffe and Jan Hus2. People of Florence burned possessions

II. LUTHER CHALLENGES THE CHURCHA. Martin Luther----------------------------

1. Opposed Indulgences—

pardons for sins or

crimes committed which

were purchased

B. The 95 Theses1. Oct. 31, 1517!!

2. Nailed the 95 Theses to a church and asked for open debate

3. Reformation—movement of religious reform

4. 3 Main Ideasa. People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of

forgiveness. The Church taught that faith and “good works” were

required for salvation.

b. All Church teachings should be

clearly based on the words of the

Bible. The pope and church

traditions were false authorities.

c. All people with faith were equal.

Therefore, people did not need

priests to interpret the Bible for

them.

III. THE RESPONSE TO LUTHERA. The Pope’s Threat

1. Leo excommunicated Luther

B. The Emperor’s Opposition1. Holy Roman Emperor issued Edict of Worms

a. declared Luther a heretic

b. Luther translated the Bible into German while in hiding

c. Followers became “Lutherans”

C. The Peasant’s Revolt1. In response to serfdom, peasants across the

German countryside revolted.

2. Luther urged prince’s to show no mercy to end revolt

3. Over 100,000 killeda. Luther lost some influence over peasants but remained

influential

D. Germany at War1. Protestant-protest of the Church

2. Prince’s signed “protest” against Church, led to war

Peace of Augsburg(1555)—Religion of each German state would be decided by that

state’s ruler

The Reformation Spreads to England

IV. ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT

A. Henry VIII Wants a Son1. 42 year old wife Catherine of

Aragon had not produced a male heir

2. Pope denied annulment of marriage

a. Catherine’s nephew was Holy Roman Emperor

B. The Reformation Parliament1. Henry VIII asked Parliament to end Pope’s power

in England

2. He married Anne Boleyn

3. Act of Supremacy passed—

made King, not Pope,

the head of the Church

of England

'A woman who is the scandal of Christendom.'-Katharine of Aragon describes her rival, 1531

C. Consequences of Henry’s Changes1. Seized church land (20% of England)2. Henry has 6 wives (3rd one gave him a son, Edward)3. Daughter Mary (Bloody Mary) supports Catholicism

D. Elizabeth Restores Protestantism1. Establishes state run Anglican Church (Church of England)

a. Priests could marryb. Services in English

E. The Spanish Armada1. 130 ships attacked England-England defeated Spanish

F. Conclusion1. England began to look to America for sources of income2. Economic losses would lead to division between monarchy and Parliament

Next….The Reformation Continues

The Reformation ContinuesJohn Calvin and other Reformation leaders began new Protestant churches. The Catholic Church also made reforms.

I. CALVIN BEGINS ANOTHER PROTESTANT CHURCH

A. Calvin and His Teachings1. Men and women are sinful by nature

2. God chooses few people to savea. Predestination—God knew from the beginning of time

who will be saved

i. (What effect would predestination have on people’s lives?)

b. Calvinism—religion based on Calvin’s teachings

B. Calvin Runs Geneva1. Ideal government is a Theocracy—government

controlled by religious leaders

2. Calvin runs Genevaa. Strict rules

i. No bright colors

ii. No card playing

iii. Religious classes mandatory

b. Geneva “model city” to Protestants

II. OTHER REFORMERSA. The Anabaptists

1. Needed to be baptized again as an adult2. Separation of church and state and refused to

fight in warsa. influenced Amish and

Quakers

B. Women of the Reformation1. Women protected reformers2. As Protestant religion grew, women’s roles were

diminished

III. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATIONA. Many who remained loyal to Catholic

Church reformed the church itself

B. Based upon what you have seen in the Protestant Reformation, make a “TO DO” list for the Roman Catholic Church