Luther Leads the Reformation

Objectives:1. Analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the

Reformation.2. Trace Martin Luther’s role in the movement to reform the Catholic

Church.3. Analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt.4. Explain the spread of the Protestant faith to England.

The Reformation

Reformation: movement for religious reform

This is when people leave the Catholic Church and PROTESTANT churches are formed Root word of protestant? PROTEST People protest the Catholic Church

Causes of the Reformation

1. Renaissance Printing press spreads

secular(non-religious) ideas. More people can read/interpret the Bible

2. Corruption in Catholic Church Pope spent lots of $$ Priests/popes broke vows Sold indulgences

3. Merchants don’t like paying church taxes

4. Kings/Royals: want more power/wealth

A Renaissance era printing press.

Luther Challenges the Church

Martin Luther (1483-1546) – German monk responsible for reforming the church

Luther was angry over the church practice of selling indulgences

Indulgence – A religious pardon that released a sinner from performing the penalty that a priest imposed for sins A portrait of Luther circa 1529.

The 95 Theses

In 1517 Luther wrote 95 theses attacking the “pardon-merchants”

He posted these statements on the door of the church

Theses were copied and spread all over Europe

Luther nailing his 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg church.

The Response to Luther

The Church considered Luther a serious threat Luther recommended the

removal of the pope Was excommunicated

as a result Many northern German

princes supported Luther Those princes that supported

Luther signed a protest against the agreement

The protesting princes became known as Protestants

Protestant – Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches

Charles V ordered all of Luther’s writings to be burned.

England Becomes Protestant Henry VIII Wants a Son

When Henry VIII became king in 1509, he was a devout Catholic

Henry feared that without a male heir, civil war might break out in the event of his death

Was convinced that his wife Catherine would have no more children

Henry wanted to divorce Catherine and take a younger queen

The Pope refused Henry’s request

Portrait of Henry VIII circa 1540.

England Becomes Protestant

The Reformation Parliament In 1529 Henry called Parliament into session and

asked it to pass a series of laws that ended the pope’s power in England

Henry divorced Catherine and married Ann Boleyn

Act of Supremacy – Called on people to accept Henry, not the pope, as the head of England’s Church

Diagram of Henry's VIII reign relative to his marriages.

Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour

Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr

Divorced

Beheaded

Died

DivorcedBeheaded

Survived

Consequences of Henry’s Changes

Ann Boleyn was unable to give Henry a male heir Charged with treason

and beheaded Henry took Jane

Seymour as his third wife Gave him a son

After Henry’s death, each of his three children took turns ruling England Religious turmoil

Elizabeth I , "Darnley Portrait", c. 1575

ReformationEurope(Late 16c)

ReformationEurope(Late 16c)