Setting the Stage• Northern Europe had bubonic plague, and

the 100 years war• Italy had city-states and England and

France had monarchs• The monarchs sponsored (patron) art and

artists • Northern Renaissance ideas mix with

Italian Renaissance ideas• North was more religious than the humanists

secular here and now theme in Italy

Guttenberg’s Printing Press• First book was the

Gutenberg Bible• Now books are cheap • Masses now can “read”• Books in vernacular• People start questioning

the church

Causes of the Reformation• Emphasis on

secular • People challenge

the Church• Printing Press • Problems in CC• Pope’s spending $• Pope’s personal

pleasures

Luther Challenges the Church• Questions indulgences• Indulgence releases you from sin and

punishment (prayers, etc) by paying for salvation

• His 95 thesis• Nailed 95 things he found wrong with

the church to the door of his local church

• His three main beliefs of the Church1. Salvation - God’s gift of forgiveness 2. Church should teach to the Bible3. All people with faith are equal to

God

Effects of Luther’s Reformation• England becomes Protestant• Henry VIII wants a son• CC won’t grant him a divorce• He creates the Church of

England • He is the head of the church

Effects of Luther’s Reformation

• John Calvin• Created the idea of

predestination• God has know since time

began who was saved and who was doomed

Effects of Luther’s Reformation

• The Catholic Reformation• Council of Trent –four

rules of CC1. CC has final say in

what Bible “is”2. Faith and good work

for salvation3. Bible and Church are

equal4. Indulgences were

valid

The Reformations Long Lasting Effects• Went hand in hand with

exploration and expansion of the new world

• Religion no longer unites Europe• CC power declines• Individual gains power• Monarchs and other states gain

power• Leads to rise in Democracy

• Set the stage for the modern world