Setting the Stage• Northern Europe had bubonic plague, and
the 100 years war• Italy had city-states and England and
France had monarchs• The monarchs sponsored (patron) art and
artists • Northern Renaissance ideas mix with
Italian Renaissance ideas• North was more religious than the humanists
secular here and now theme in Italy
Guttenberg’s Printing Press• First book was the
Gutenberg Bible• Now books are cheap • Masses now can “read”• Books in vernacular• People start questioning
the church
Causes of the Reformation• Emphasis on
secular • People challenge
the Church• Printing Press • Problems in CC• Pope’s spending $• Pope’s personal
pleasures
Luther Challenges the Church• Questions indulgences• Indulgence releases you from sin and
punishment (prayers, etc) by paying for salvation
• His 95 thesis• Nailed 95 things he found wrong with
the church to the door of his local church
• His three main beliefs of the Church1. Salvation - God’s gift of forgiveness 2. Church should teach to the Bible3. All people with faith are equal to
God
Effects of Luther’s Reformation• England becomes Protestant• Henry VIII wants a son• CC won’t grant him a divorce• He creates the Church of
England • He is the head of the church
Effects of Luther’s Reformation
• John Calvin• Created the idea of
predestination• God has know since time
began who was saved and who was doomed
Effects of Luther’s Reformation
• The Catholic Reformation• Council of Trent –four
rules of CC1. CC has final say in
what Bible “is”2. Faith and good work
for salvation3. Bible and Church are
equal4. Indulgences were
valid
The Reformations Long Lasting Effects• Went hand in hand with
exploration and expansion of the new world
• Religion no longer unites Europe• CC power declines• Individual gains power• Monarchs and other states gain
power• Leads to rise in Democracy
• Set the stage for the modern world