Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion

Sec. 1 Economic Growth

• Mid 1700’s Industrial Revolution

• Began in England• Machines ran on

waterpower• People left homes to

move to cities to work

Industrial Revolution in New England

• IR appeared here first• Soil poor, farming

difficult• Rushing rivers• Close to resources• Many good ports• Capitalism/free

enterprise

New Technology• Eli Whitney –

Cotton Gin• Interchangeable parts• Samuel Slater-

brought design’s from England to America

• Francis Lowell- factory system, bringing all manufacturing steps together in one building

Agriculture

• South- cotton production increased• Demand for cotton grew as a result of IR• Slave labor increased alsoEconomic Independence in NORTH

Corporations began to develop

Stocks were sold

Second Bank of the US chartered

Cities

• Growth of factories spurred growth of cities• Fires were a threat• Diseases were a threat• As more people came to cities, libraries,

shops, museums were built

Sec. 2 Westward Bound

• By 1811 more people were moving west of App. Mountains

• Turnpikes were built to ease travel• River travel increased, but problem, most

rivers were in eastern US, and ran only north south direction

Steam power

• Steam engines had been used in the 1780’s to power ships in calm waters

• Robert Fulton- Steam boat--1807- Clermont- traveled from NYC to Albany

Canals

• Erie Canal-363 mile long, first canal in US

• Led to explosion in canal building• Lowered the cost of shipping goods,

brought prosperity to towns, helped unite the country

Western settlement

• Families settled on rivers such as Ohio and Mississippi

• Canals allowed people to live farther from the rivers

Sec. 3 Unity and Sectionalism

• Era of Good Feelings• Rep. James Monroe elected president 1816• Federalist party almost gone• A time when the fighting between political parties

had ceased• EGF didn’t last long, sectionalism became intense• Conflict over slavery/states rights fueled

sectionalism

Differences

• Regions disagreed on tariffs, bank and internal improvements

• John C. Calhoun( South), Daniel Webster(North), Henry Clay(West)

John C. Calhoun

• From South Carolina• Supported state sovereignty- states have

autonomous power• Strong opponent of high tariffs

Daniel Webster

• From New Hampshire• Favored protection of US manufacturing • Favored Tariffs

Henry Clay

• Great Compromiser• Tried to settle differences between leaders

Missouri Compromise

• Problems arose when territories were admitted into union

• Missouri admitted as slave state and Maine admitted as a free, to keep balance in the Senate.

• Also all territories carved out of LP north of Missouri’s southern border would be free, south of the border slave.

American System

• Henry Clay proposed• Protective tariff, internal improvements,

national bank• Not all of the System was accepted..• MONROE DOCTRINE Stated that the

US will not interfere with European colonies, opposed new colonization

Domestic Policy Assignment

• Each group will be responsible for completing all of the issues and policies *of just your selected President *

• You must present at least one cause and one effect per issue or policy.

• Present to the class on MONDAY as part of a test review.