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Chapter 10 Section 2
The Fighting Spreads to North Carolina
As you watch the videos in class, watch for inconsistencies from the book and
video.
Chapter 10 Section 2The Fighting Spreads to North
Carolina
Objectives1. Summarize the spread of the war to the
North, the West, and the South.2. Describe how the war was fought at sea.3. Explain how North Carolina prepared to be
invaded by the redcoats.4. Describe the events following Lord
Cornwallis’s invasion of North Carolina.5. Explain the significance of the Battle of
Guilford Courthouse.
59
War in the North
summer of 76 - Howe traveled from Canada to New York
Patriots forced to leave Manhattan British won
Long Island Brooklyn Heights Harlem Heights
By November 1776
British controlled Long Island Fort Washington Much of Westchester County Fort Lee
The American Crisis Written by Thomas Paine, “The
American Crisis” inspired the Patriots.
“So let us mark this day with remembrance of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At the moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words to be read to the people: "Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it].’“
-President Obama’s Inaugural Address, January 20, 2009
Victory in New Jersey
Battle of Trenton Battle of Princeton
Battle of Trenton
Washington and scraggly soldiers crossed the Delaware on December 25, 1776
Attacked December 26, 1776 Lasted less than 60 minutes 900 Hessians captured 5 American casualties
What significant event happened the same year as the Battle of Trenton?
Signing of the Declaration of Independence
Battle of Princeton
January 3, 1777 Kept fires burning to throw off
British
Explain General Washington’s strategy at Trenton and Princeton
Washington used the element of surprise to achieve both victories by catching the enemy off guard.
Battle of Saratoga
John Burgoyne would march south from Canada
2nd army march east 3rd army march north to New York Three armies never met John Burgoyne defeated at Saratoga Turning point of the Revolutionary
War
The War in the West George Rogers Clark-created an
army by recruiting Patriots from small towns along the frontier. Victories
Kaskaskia- on the Mississippi Cahokia in Illinois Vincennes on the Wabash River in Indiana Gave Americans control over much of the
land east of the Mississippi River and West of the Appalachians.
Kaskaskia British trading village located along the
Mississippi River. June 1778 Clark and 175 set out for
Kaskaskia via a difficult route in order to take the British by surprise.
July 4, 1778- British surrender the post without a fight.
Vincennes on the Wabash River also surrenders.
Vincennes Clark persuades some Native
Americans to remain neutral, if only temporarily.
British recapture Vincennes. February 1779- Clark takes back the
town during the Battle of Vincennes. Another would be prize and major
British base, Fort Detroit, remained with the British.
War at Sea 400 British ships sailed along the coast
from Massachusetts to Georgia. October 30, 1775 Continental Navy
created. Money raised to pay for a dozen
warships. NC had its own navy. Sept 3, 1779 Bonhomme Richard (John
Paul Jones) and Serapis (British) fight. 3 hours =Patriots win .
War in the South
Sir Henry Clinton – new British commander-in-chief in America.
1778 – British capture Savannah restore royal authority throughout Georgia
1779 – British capture Charles Town, SC Cornwallis left in charge
(Connection Charles in Charge)
North Carolina prepares for invasion
Colonel Richard Caswell raised troops to prevent Loyalists in Cape Fear from joining the British.
June 20, 1781 - Ramsour’s Mill Partisans stuck white paper in their
hats Loyalist wore green twigs Loyalists retreat within an hour.
North Carolina prepares for invasion (cont’d)
Washington sends Horatio Gates August 16, 1780 - Battle of Camden
Caswell militia + 400 Virginia Continental regulars against British.
Josiah Martin promises loyalist support for British
Patriots lost Resulting the NC lay open to invasion
Camden, South CarolinaCause and effect
One of the most serious Patriot defeats August 1780, Patriot forces led by
Horatio Gates misjudged the number of troops by 50%.
Troops are hungry and tired To raise moral, Gates give men molasses
and cornmeal-troops end up sick. When fighting the British many Patriots
ran. 700 of 4,000 make it to safety. Southern army is lost.
Cause and Effect
It was hot therefore Cornwallis waited for cooler weather. North Carolina Patriots rallied their
forces Col. Richard Caswell raised troops to
prevent Loyalists in Cape Fear from joining the British.
Partisans recruited
Cause and Effect cont’d
Neither side had uniforms Partisans stuck white paper in their
hats Loyalists wore green twigs
Many Loyalists didn’t have weapons Retreated in less than one hour
The British are stopped
NC
SC
Cornwallis invades NC September 8, 1780 Cornwallis leaves Camden,
SC Martin promise of Loyalists did not come to
fruition. Charlotte = “hornet’s nest” of the Revolution Over-Mountain Men– frontiersmen from the
west of the Appalachian Mtns. Ferguson chased up Kings Mountain (part of
App Mtn). October 7, 1780 Ferguson and 119 of his
men were killed. Patriot victory at the Battle of Kings
Mountain had stopped the invasion of NC
The Battle of Cowpens and Guilford Courthouse
Nathanael Greene takes command of the Continental Army in the South. Splits the army and used hit and run tactics General Daniel Morgan defeats British at
Battle of Cowpens Battle of Guilford Courthouse
Near Greensboro Cornwallis claims victory but loses >25% of
his men. Retreats to Wilmington.
Effects of the war.
Fields were stripped of crops, livestock was killed
homes and building destroyed Lives lost Americans fighting for their homes
Other Important People
Francis Marion Efficient at guerilla warfare. Organized Marion’s Brigade
Use surprise attacks to take out British communication and supply lines.
Due to British unsuccessful attempts to capture Marion, he was given the nickname the “Swamp Fox.”
North Carolina Heroes
Richard Caswell Loyalist turned Patriot. Served on Committee of
Correspondence Delegate to 1st Continental Congress Hero at Battle of Moores Creek Bridge Helped write NC first constitution. NC’s 1st independent governor
James Moore
Overall commander of troops at Moores Creek Bridge.
Died of fever
Penelope Barker
October 25, 1774, Edenton Tea Party
Signed their names to a document protesting British taxes.
Robert Howe
Colonel of 2nd North Carolina Regt. Relieved of his command after
defeat in Florida. Surrendered to British in Savannah
Works Cited
Clip Art http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/rprestia/1301/images/IN457adelaware%20le
utze%201851.jpg Call to Freedom Holt, Rinehart, and Winston