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Chapter 11
Energy in Thermal Processes1. Heat and Internal Energy2. Specific Heat3. Calorimetry4. Latent Heat and Phase Change5. Energy Transfer
James Prescott Joule 1818 – 1889 British physicist Conservation of
Energy Relationship
between heat and other forms of energy transfer
Heat and Internal Energy What is Heat? What are the units of Heat? What is Internal Energy? Energy Transfer
Specific Heat What is specific Heat? Units of specific Heat Heat and specific Heat
A Consequence of Different Specific Heats Water has a high
specific heat compared to land
On a hot day, the air above the land warms faster
The warmer air flows upward and cooler air moves toward the beach
Calorimeter What is a Calorimeter? How do I use it?
Calorimeter - ExampleThe temperature of a 0.05 kg ingot of
metal is raised to 200.0 °C, and the ingot is then dropped into a light, insulated beaker containing 0.40 kg of water initially at 20.0 °C. If the final equilibrium temperature of the mixed system is 22.4 °C, find the specific heat of the metal.
Phase Changes What is a phase change? Types of phases change
Solid to liquid – melting Liquid to gas – boiling
What is changing during Phases change?
What is latent heat? SI units of latent heat What is sublimation?
Graph of Ice to Steam
Warming Ice
Melting Ice
Warming Water
Boiling Water
Heating Steam
Extra Credit
A iron horseshoe of mass mi initially at temperature Ti °C is dropped into a bucket containing mw kg of water at temperature Tw °C. Find using energy conservation an expression of the final equilibrium temperature Tf? Neglect any energy transfer to or from the surrounding. Let cw be the specific heat of water and ci be the specific heat of iron.
Methods of Heat Transfer Need to know the rate at which
energy is transferred Need to know the mechanisms
responsible for the transfer Methods include
Conduction Convection Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Radiation