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Chapter 12:
Logistics and Supply Chain Information Systems
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 2
Learning Objectives - After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
Understand the overall importance of information systems to logistics and supply chain management.
Recognize key issues in information systems.
Know what is meant by the quality of information, and know what to measure to assure that this quality exists.
Understand the architecture and objectives of information systems.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 3
Learning Objectives
Appreciate the role of logistics in the “connected” economy, and appreciate how evolving technologies are impacting logistics and logistics processes.
Identify the structural components of the logistics information system, and understand how each contributes to the overall effectiveness of logistics and supply chain processes.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 4
Learning Objectives
Appreciate the importance of adapting to new information technologies.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 5
Logistics Profile: Applebee’s…
Restaurant ordering practice has progressed from phone to fax to Internet.
Information systems (IS) help Applebee’s to monitor pre-negotiated prices and rebates, and to better manage inventory tracking.
Internet-enabled information systems have great potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain activity.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 6
Logistics and Supply Chain Information Systems: Introduction
Many firms view effective management of logistics and supply chain activities as: Prerequisites to overall cost efficiency, and Keys to ensuring their ability to
competitively price their products and services.1
Effective information management also can help ensure that a firm meets the logistics needs of its customers.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 7
Contemporary Issues in Information Systems
Results from Annual Computer Sciences Corporation Study on Information Systems Management suggest that highest priorities are on customers, productivity, and performance. It is clear that Internet and E-commerce
issues are both recognizable and critical. Top technology issues are reviewed in
Tables 12-1 and 12-2.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Table 12-1 Top Information Systems Issues for 2000 (Global Responses)
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Table 12-2 Critical Business Processes (North American Responses)
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 10
Contemporary Issues in Information Systems
Quality of Information: Three major issues1. Availability of Information
Managers may be uncertain of needs. Supplied data not consistent with needs.
2. Accuracy of Information Three strikes and you’re out policy. Accounting practices must accommodate
logistics needs.3. Effectiveness of Communication
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 11
Architecture and Objectives of Information Systems
Information System Building Process Figure 12-1 illustrates the information
building process. Three key types of IS people needed:
Architect to design process Systems programmer to assemble
hardware and software Data manager to build data
warehouse
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Figure 12-1 Information System Building Process
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Architecture and Objectives of Information Systems
Positioning Information in Logistics Figure 12-2 illustrates logistics information
flow. Logistics Information Systems include
coordination flows and operational flows These two flows should:
freely interchange data integrate coordination activities into
operational activities be flexible, not linear.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 14
Figure 12-2 Logistics Information Flow
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Figure 12-3 Examples of Information Flows
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 16
Table 12-3 The Shift of Logistics Operations in the Connected Economy
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 17
Major Drivers of the Connected Economy17: Customer-Centric Value Web Model
Customer-Centric Value Web Model Customers of all types are expecting
more from their suppliers, at faster speeds, and with increasing reliability.
Traditional linear supply chains are being replaced by new, consumer-centric approaches.
Examine Figure 12-4 on the next slide.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 18
Figure 12-4 Customer-Centric Value Web® Model
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 19
Technology Impacts on Supply Chain Disintermediation and Evolving Technological Changes
Technology Impacts on Supply Chain Disintermediation See Figure 12-5 for these alternatives
Evolving Technological Changes See Figure 12-6 for a chronology Stand alone businesses and traditional
firms extending goods and services through web sites to more complex intelligent marketplaces.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 20
Figure 12-5 Technology Impacts on Supply Chain Disintermediation
(a) Simplified Supply Chain
(b) Supply Chain with Disintermediation
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 21
Figure 12-6 Chronicle of Internet Milestones
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 22
Major Drivers of the Connected Economy17: Customer-Centric Value Web Model
Exchanges Allows supply chain participants to
buy and sell needed goods and services.
Limited coordination or collaboration Trading Communities --- Figure 12-7
Hubs of suppliers, customers, manufacturers, distributors, and wholesalers brought together in an Internet interchange platform.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 23
Figure 12-7 Logistics Trading Exchanges
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 24
Major Drivers of the Connected Economy17: Customer-Centric Value Web Model
Intelligent Marketplaces – Four elements Tools
Network optimizing software tools used. Technology
Equipment is available to all participants. Integration
Greater collaboration and seamless integration of supply chain processes.
Flexibility Trades, transactions, and solutions will
include operational flexibility components.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 25
On the Line: ShipChem.com
$4.6 billion chemical industry leader outsourced all its logistics operations to become a 4PL.
Replaced traditional logistics with B2B electronic commerce model, hoping to do it more effectively, cheaper, and more profitably.
Uses G-Log’s Internet-based software to link shippers, 3PLs, forwarders, and carriers.
ShipChem plans to enable better supply chain integration and collaborative planning.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 26
Contemporary Logistics Information Technologies
Bar coding Most commonly used automatic
identification technology Consistency of this technology important
factor in efficiency and effectiveness. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
B2B, computer-to-computer exchange of business data in a structured, machine- processable format. (Figure 12-8)
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 27
Figure 12-8 EDI versus Traditional Methods
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 28
Contemporary Logistics Information Technologies
Extensible Markup Language (XML) Method of packing information for
movement on the Internet. May replace EDI in the future.
Data management Handheld input devices and optical
scanning popular in data management. CD-ROMs are another data
management tool seeing increasing use.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 29
Contemporary Logistics Information Technologies
Imaging Both photographic and facsimile
processes are being used to image documents.
Artificial intelligence/expert systems Attempts to transfer human intelligence
to a machine. Expert systems replicate “best practices”
of humans to a computer-based system.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 30
Contemporary Logistics Information Technologies
RF technology Uses radio frequency to transmit computer
outputs, possibly from an expert system to human operated devices, such as, a forklift.
Optimizes quality, efficiency, and accuracy. Onboard computers and satellite tracking
Uses systems such as GPS to track and communicate with mobile and/or remote vehicles.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 31
Logistics Information Systems
Definition An interacting structure of people,
equipment, and procedures that together make relevant information available to the logistics manager for the purposes of planning, implementation, and control.23
Examine Figure 12-9 on the next slide.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 32
Figure 12-9 Logistics Information Systems
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Logistics Information Systems: Planning System
Illustrated in Figure 12-10 Provides decision support for logistics managers
Logistics functional databases --- Table 12- 4 Comprehensive relational database that
contains the type of information needed to make effective decisions.
Greatest use in the transportation, inventory, and product areas with warehousing and customer areas showing less progress.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Figure 12-10 Supply Chain Functional Scope: Planning and Execution
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Table 12-4 Trends in Logistics Data Computerization
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Logistics Information Systems
Types of modeling approaches --- Table 12-5
Optimization Searches for “best” solution
Simulation Replicates the logistics network
Heuristic Used for broader, non-optimum solutions
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Table 12-5 Logistics Decisions
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Logistics Information Systems: Execution System Examine Figure 12-11
Responsible for short-term, day-to-day functioning of the logistics system.
Include technologies that help manage warehousing, transportation, international trade, and inventory.
Many recent advances in technology and these advances will most likely continue to evolve and impact logistics management in the future.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 39
Figure 12-11 Direct Materials Purchasing Moves Online
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 40
Logistics Information Systems: Research and Intelligence System Environmental scanning
Undirected viewing General exposure to information
Conditioned viewing Directed exposure to information
Informal search Limited and unstructured effort to find
information Formal search
Deliberate effort to find information relating to a specific issue
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 41
Logistics Information Systems: Knowledge Management
To maximize the results of an environmental scan, the logistics manager needs to consult: Logistics area employees Channel partners Internal audit or external consultant Other internal logistics initiatives
It is increasingly popular to dedicate a web site to hold information from the scan.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
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Logistics Information Systems: Reports and Outputs System
Many logistics managers do not believe that reports communicate effectively.
Communication occurs only if the message keys into the receiver’s values and responds directly to the needs of the recipient.
Types of reports Planning reports Operating reports Control reports
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 43
Adapting to New Information Technologies Relevant issues in the search for new
technologies Firms must have a scientific and intuitive
knowledge of customer and supplier information requirements.
Lack of coordination and integration among key logistics and supply chain processes.
See that logistics organizational strategies move from a functional to a process orientation.
Early implementation efforts may suffer due to poor data or the non-availability or non-sharing of future data.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 44
Adapting to New Information Technologies
Relevant issues in the search for new technologies The organization must have the financial
resources needed to assure a smooth, full implementation, and the people willing to accept and use new technologies.
Firms must create opportunities for interaction and team efforts among logistics managers and those others most knowledgeable about information technologies.
Chapter 12Management of Business Logistics, 7th
Ed. 45
Figure 12-12 Critical Emerging Technologies
1.19
1.32
1.54
2.10
2.67
3.68
Modeling/ Simulation
KnowledgeManagement
AutomaticTransaction System
Groupware
Internet/ WWW
E-commerce
Level of Criticality
Chapter 12: Summary and Review Questions
Students should review their knowledge of the chapter by checking out the Summary and
Study Questions for Chapter 12.
End of Chapter 12 Slides
Logistics and Supply Chain Information Systems