Chapter 2: Classification Do Chapter 2: Classification Do NowNowShoes activity:

Classify the collection of shoes for your group.

Create at least three major categories. Consider using subcategories as necessary.

Chapter 2: ClassificationChapter 2: Classification

What is “taxonomy”?

Chapter 2: ClassificationChapter 2: Classification

Taxonomy = the study of how living things are classified. Species are classified based on shared characteristics.

Chapter 2: ClassificationChapter 2: Classification

The more shared characteristics between two species, the more closely matched the names.

EukaryaAnimaliaChordataAvesStrigiformesStrigidaeBubovirginianus

EukaryaAnimaliaChordataAvesStrigiformesStrigidaeBubomagellanicus

= Magellan horned owl= great horned owl

Chapter 2: ClassificationChapter 2: Classification

The more shared characteristics between two species, the more closely matched the names.

EukaryaAnimaliaChordataAvesStrigiformesStrigidaeBubovirginianus

EukaryaAnimaliaChordataAvesStrigiformesStrigidaeBubomagellanicus

= Magellan horned owl= great horned owl

EukaryaAnimaliaChordataMammaliaCarnivoraFelidaeFelissilvestris

= cat

Chapter 2: ClassificationChapter 2: Classification

Eukarya = domain for creatures with cells that contain nuclei.

Four kingdoms within Eukarya = Protists (seaweed), Fungi (yeast, mushrooms), Plants (tomatoes, redwoods), and Animals (cats, humans).

Chapter 2: CellsChapter 2: Cells

Eukarya = domain for creatures with cells that contain nuclei.

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

Functions may include: obtaining oxygen, removing waste, growing and obtaining food.

Chapter 2: CellsChapter 2: Cells

Cell Theory- Could not have been developed

without microscopes to view living things at the cellular level.

- Robert Hooke looked at cork cells in 1663 using his compound microscope and called the empty spaces “cells” which means “small rooms” (i.e. jail “cells”)

Chapter 2: CellsChapter 2: Cells

Cell Theory- Around 1674, Anton van

Leeuwenhoek used a simple microscope (one lens) and saw many single-celled organisms swimming around water samples and called them “animalcules” (little animals).

Chapter 2: CellsChapter 2: Cells

Cell Theory- Developed by Schleiden (plants =

cells), Schwann (animals = cells) and Virchow (cells only come from cells)

- All living things are composed of cells- Cells are the basic units of structure

and function in living things.- All cells are produced from other

cells.

Chapter 2: CellsChapter 2: Cells

Microscopes and cells- Simple microscopes = one convex

lens to magnify something- Compound microscopes use two

lenses to magnify something- Electron microscopes, developed in

the 1930’s, use electrons to magnify images at much higher resolutions than compound microscopes

Chapter 2: CellsChapter 2: Cells

Dartmouth Scanning Electron Microscope SEM image of pollen

Chapter 2: CellsChapter 2: Cells

Light vs. Electron Microscopes

Light ElectronMagnification Limited 1,000,000+Cost Cheap ExpensiveSpecimens Anything Dry, Dead,

Motionless