Date post: | 18-Aug-2015 |
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CHAPTER 3
TOURISM PLATFORMS
ADVOCACY PLATFORM
• Sees tourism as a good thing and celebrates tourism’s positive impacts on the economy, the environment, and the society.
CAUTIONARY PLATFORM
• Views tourism as a bad thing
and decries the negative effects of mass tourism that the advocacy platform has engendered
ADAPTANCY PLATFORM
• Mass tourism has negative impact but can be avoided
KNOWLEDGE BASED PLATFORM
• Views tourism from a holistic perspective, not just from the impact and forms but in terms of functions and underlying structures
SOCIAL JUSTICE PLATFORM
• Embraces “participatory processes involving open dialogue, resource distribution, equity, pro-poor planning, gender sensitivity
• Tourism planners as to be an agent of positive change
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT THEORIES
LAISSEZ-FAIRE THEORY
• This is known as liberal economic theory.
• The government does not intervene in terms of policy plans, regulations, guidelines, code and standards.
• It is a game without rules
MODERNIZATION THEORY
• Tourism assumes that tourism contributes to the economic progress and transformation of “traditional societies into modern one.
TRICKLE-DOWN THEORY
• Assumes that any form of economic growth will lead to improvement of the living conditions of everybody
NEOLIBERAL THEORY
• Government has a minimal intervention.
• Accepts the idea of government regulation but rejects government competing with private sectors.
DEPENDENCY THEORY
• The first world countries exploits the Third World countries
• Third worlds depend on the developed countries
IRRIDEX MODEL
• Theory about the social impacts of tourism. It states that residents’ attitudes towards tourism will deteriorate over the period of time
APPROACHES TO TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
NO PLANNING
• Planning is not necessary• Tourism may not be seen as a
priority industry
AD-HOC PLANNING
• Planning only as needed
Ex. Preparing a town fiesta
INTERGRATED TOURISM PLANNING
• Planning is developed and planned compatible with existing economic activities and the values of the local residents
BOOSTERIST APPROACH
• Sees tourism as a positive force for economic development. Its primary goal is to maximize tourism revenues through mass tourism
PRODUCT LED DEVELOPMENT
“Build it and they come it”
SPATIAL PLANNING APPROACH
• It focuses on “destination” layout and design and breaks down tourism into spatial units:
a. Site scale ( planning at the level of individual tourism property like hotel, resort, or restaurant)
b. Destination scale (planning tourism in a community and its surrounding areas
c. Regional scale (planning level of province, region and country)
DEMAND-LED APPROACH
“Know the customer and satisfy them”
BUREAUCRATIC/GOVERNMENT-LED APPROACH
• Puts the government at the center of planning and development.
• Government action refers to infrastructure, provision, marketing, promotion, education and research
MIDDLE PATH APPROACH (BHUTAN MODEL)
• Opposite of boosterism is low volume, high yield tourism .
• Strict control on the volume of tourism
ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH
• Tourism development is endowed with natural attractions of outstanding beauty, beyond the reach of commercialism
ECO TOURSIM APPROACH
• Form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage in which community participation, protection and management of natural resources, culture and indigenous knowledge and practices, environment education and ethics
PARTICIPATORY / STAKEHOLDER APPROACH
PUTS PEOPLE AT THE CENTER OF THE PLANNING PROCESS
COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM
TOURISM THAT IS OWNED AND MANAGED BY
COMMUINITIES
PRO POOR APPROACH
• TOURISM THAT GENERATES NET BENEFITS FOR THE POOR”
• THE NEEDS OF THE POOR ARE PRIORITIZED
FAIR TRADE TOURISM
• IS RESPONSE TO THE FAILURE OF CONVENTIONAL TRADE TO DELIVER SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES TO PEOPLE IN THE POOREST COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD