38
CHAPTER 3 Week 1
CHAPTER 3Week 1
Homework for the Week• Monday 9/16
• Ch 3 90-95• Dream Journal
• Tuesday 9/17• Ch 3 96-102• Dream Journal• Bring in Sleep Tracker on Block Day
• Block Day 9/18 & 9/19• Ch 3 103-109• Study Vocab• Dream Journal- bring to class on Friday
• Friday 9/20• Ch 3 117-123• *Reminder: Friday is the last day to complete the test if a student had an
excused absence
Monday 9/16• Unit Introduction• Homework Review,
pgs 84-89• Dream Journal
Analysis (if time)
• Monday 9/16• Ch 3 90-95• Dream Journal
• Tuesday 9/17• Ch 3 96-102• Dream Journal• Bring in Sleep Tracker on Block Day
• Block Day 9/18 & 9/19• Ch 3 103-109• Study Vocab• Dream Journal- bring to class on Friday
• Friday 9/20• Ch 3 117-123• *Reminder: Friday is the last day to
complete the test if a student had an excused absence
Unit Overview• Essential Questions:
• How do psychologists define consciousness?
• What happens during the sleep cycle?
• What roles do REM and NREM sleep play in behavior?
• How does lack of sleep affect behavior?
• How do psychoactive drugs affect behavior?
• How do we know whether hypnosis is a real psychological phenomenon?
• Objectives• Define consciousness.• Describe the different stages of
sleep.• Analyze the different theories of
dreaming.• Determine the common sleep
disorders and their consequences.
• Differentiate between the different theories of hypnosis.
• Analyze why psychologists are suspicious of hypnotically enhanced memories.
• Describe psychoactive drugs and their effects.
• Differentiate among the different types of psychoactive drugs and their effects.
Homework Review, pgs 84-89• What is consciousness?• Describe the field of cognitive neuroscience• What is dual processing?
• “I back away from conscious thought and turn the problem over to my unconscious mind. It will scan a broader array of patterns and find some new close fits from other information stored in my brain.” –Arthur Fry, Co-creator of the Post-it note
Consciousness, modern psychologists believe, is an awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Forms of Consciousness
Graph your alertnessThink of your consciousness/alertness level on during a typical weekday. Make a graph with wake-up to sleep on the x-axis, and alertness on the y-axis.
DUAL PROCESSING: WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE MOVIE IN THE FOLLOWING PICTURE?
Discussion• Conscious Processing: What is the name of the movie in
the following picture?• Unconscious Processing: Write down the answers to as
many of the following questions as you can?• Name the two actors• What is the movie plot?• What two things were located in the center of the cover on the
DVD?• What was the sequel to the movie called?• What are the actors doing with their eyebrows?• What color hair do both of the actors have?• What did it say at the top of the DVD?• Why is this movie socially significant?
Hollow Face • Why does our mind look for faces?• Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc6LRxjqzkA
Dream Journal Analysis: Dreams as Problem Fixers
• With your neighbors, discuss your dream journal entries, keeping in mind the following information:• Were there any common threads, common ideas, running through the
journal? • Are your dreams bizarre? Mundane? • Which dreams are most disturbing? Why? What do they mean to you? • What common symbols or objects did you record? What do you think
these symbols mean? • Were you able to control your dreams as you remembered more and
more of them? • How are your dreams relevant to your waking life? • Was the content of both journals identical on any days? What does
this tell you? • What seems to be the main function of your dreams?
Tuesday 9/17• Selective Attention• Dream Analysis
• Monday 9/16• Ch 3 90-95• Dream Journal
• Tuesday 9/17• Ch 3 96-102• Dream Journal• Bring in Sleep Tracker on Block Day
• Block Day 9/18 & 9/19• Ch 3 103-109• Study Vocab• Dream Journal- bring to class on Friday
• Friday 9/20• Ch 3 117-123• *Reminder: Friday is the last day to
complete the test if a student had an excused absence
Selective Attention: Write down your response to the following questions• Who came into our class yesterday?• What was he/she wearing?• What did he/she do?• What psychological idea does this best demonstrate?
Cocktail Party Effect• We will move around the room forming groups, in those
groups I will give you a topic to discuss. Once in awhile, I will give you a name of someone in another group and someone will say his/her name out loud and see if that individual notices.
• Group 1: Same birthday month• Discussion Topic: Favorite thing to do on your birthday
• Group 2: Same favorite color• Discussion Topic: If you only had one day to live, what would you
do with your time?• Group 3: Same grade school
• Discussion Topic: Favorite thing that you did in grade school
The Pop-Out Phenomenon• Find the Red Dot
The Pop-Out Phenomenon
Distraction Discussion• Move the desks into groups of 6• Are you “guilty” of any of the examples from this clip?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OINa46HeWg8• What is happening to our ability to focus our attention?• What are the pros and cons of the smartphone generation?• Are special moments actually passing us by when we capture them with our phones?• In a study of 1,600 managers and professionals, Leslie Perlow, PhD, the Konosuke
Matsushita professor of leadership at the Harvard Business School, found that:• 70% said they check their smartphone within an hour of getting up.• 56% check their phone within an hour of going to sleep.• 48% check over the weekend, including on Friday and Saturday nights.• 51% check continuously during vacation.• 44% said they would experience "a great deal of anxiety" if they lost their phone and couldn't replace it for
a week.• "The amount of time that people are spending with the new technology, the apparent preoccupation,
raises the question 'why?'" says Peter DeLisi, academic dean of the information technology leadership program at Santa Clara University in California. "When you start seeing that people have to text when they're driving, even though they clearly know that they're endangering their lives and the lives of others, we really have to ask what is so compelling about this new medium?“
• Do you agree or disagree with the quote?
Dream Journal Analysis: Dreams as Leftover Remnants from Your Day• With your neighbors, discuss your dream journal entries,
keeping in mind the following information:• Were there any common threads, common ideas, running through the
journal? • Are your dreams bizarre? Mundane? • Which dreams are most disturbing? Why? What do they mean to you? • What common symbols or objects did you record? What do you think
these symbols mean? • Were you able to control your dreams as you remembered more and
more of them? • How are your dreams relevant to your waking life? • Was the content of both journals identical on any days? What does
this tell you? • What seems to be the main function of your dreams?
Block Day 9/18 & 9/19• Sleep• Modern Sleep
Research• Dream Analysis
• Monday 9/16• Ch 3 90-95• Dream Journal
• Tuesday 9/17• Ch 3 96-102• Dream Journal• Bring in Sleep Tracker on Block Day
• Block Day 9/18 & 9/19• Ch 3 103-109• Study Vocab• Dream Journal- bring to class on Friday
• Friday 9/20• Ch 3 117-123• *Reminder: Friday is the last day to
complete the test if a student had an excused absence
Levels of Consciousness
Subconscious - Consciousness just below the level of awareness. It contains thoughts and ideas just out of ourawareness.
Unconscious - A deeper level of awareness is the unconscious. It contains thoughts and desires about which we have no true or direct knowledge.
Consciousness - An organism’s or individual’s awareness of, or possibility of knowing what is happening inside or outside itself
Biological ClocksBiological clocks are internal units that control parts of the body and which are regulated by nature. They operate on free-running cycles (under their own control).
Through entrainment, some cycles can be modified to fit a different rhythm (sleep-wake cycle).
Sleep and Dreams§Sleep§ periodic, natural,
reversible loss of consciousness
Functions of Sleep• Restoration theory —body wears out during the day and
sleep is necessary to put it back in shape• Adaptive theory— sleep emerged in evolution to preserve
energy and protect during the time of day when there is little value and considerable danger
Sleep Deprivation
§ Effects of Sleep Loss§ fatigue§ impaired concentration§ depressed immune system§ greater vulnerability to
accidents• Has little effect on
performance of tasks requiring physical skill or intellectual judgment
• Hurts performance on simple, boring tasks more than challenging ones
Individual Differences in Sleep Drive• Some individuals need more and some
less than the typical 8 hours per night• Nonsomniacs—sleep far less than most,
but do not feel tired during the day• Insomniacs—has a normal desire for
sleep, but is unable to and feels tired during the day
Sleep Disorders
§ Insomnia§ persistent problems in falling or staying asleep
§Narcolepsy§ uncontrollable sleep attacks
§Sleep Apnea§ temporary cessation of breathing§ momentary reawakenings
Sleep Disorders
• REM sleep disorder— sleeper acts out his or her dreams
• Night terrors— sudden arousal from sleep and intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions (e.g., rapid heart rate, perspiration) that occur during slow-wave sleep
• Nightmares– a vivid dream depicting frightening disturbing, anxiety-provoking events.
Sleep DisordersNightmares Night Terrors
1. Occurs during REM sleep, usually during the second half of the night.
1. Occurs during NREM sleep, usually during the first hour of the night.
2. Mild physiological changes 2. Drastic bodily changes: breathing & heart rate rise dramatically.
3. Associated with vivid images 3. Associated with panic
4. Most likely to occur during REM rebound.
4. Most likely to occur in children
Brain Waves and Sleep Stages
§ Beta Waves§ Wide awake waves
§ Alpha Waves§ slow waves of a relaxed,
awake brain§ Delta Waves
§ large, slow waves of deep sleep
§ Hallucinations§ false sensory experiences
§ Sleep Spindles§ Begin during stage 2 sleep
and increase through the cycle
Sleep and DreamsREM SLEEP NREM SLEEP
1. Rapid eye movement 1. Non-rapid eye movement
2. Increases in length as night’s sleep progresses.
2.Decreases in length as night’s sleep progresses.
3. Vivid dreams 3. Vague, partial images and stories
4. Nightmares 4. Incubus attacks (night terrors)
5. Paralyzed body 5. Sleepwalking & talking in sleep
6. Essential part of sleep 6. Less essential part of sleep
The Nature of Sleep and Dreams
Stages in a Typical Night’s Sleep
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4
3
2
1
Sleepstages
Awake
Hours of sleep
REM
Sleep Log Analysis• Analyze your sleep log for:• Trends?• Problems?• Compare/contrast with
your neighbors• Do you wake up in the middle of the night?
• Does the average sleep cycle appear to work for you?
Modern Sleep Research• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWULB9Aoopc
Dream Journal Analysis: Dreams as Unconscious Desires• With your neighbors, discuss your dream journal entries,
keeping in mind the following information:• Were there any common threads, common ideas, running through the
journal? • Are your dreams bizarre? Mundane? • Which dreams are most disturbing? Why? What do they mean to you? • What common symbols or objects did you record? What do you think
these symbols mean? • Were you able to control your dreams as you remembered more and
more of them? • How are your dreams relevant to your waking life? • Was the content of both journals identical on any days? What does
this tell you? • What seems to be the main function of your dreams?
Friday 9/20• Vocab Quiz• Introduce Addiction
Project• Dreams Overview &
Analysis
• Monday 9/16• Ch 3 90-95• Dream Journal
• Tuesday 9/17• Ch 3 96-102• Dream Journal• Bring in Sleep Tracker on Block Day
• Block Day 9/18 & 9/19• Ch 3 103-109• Study Vocab• Dream Journal- bring to class on Friday
• Friday 9/20• Ch 3 117-123• *Reminder: Friday is the last day to
complete the test if a student had an excused absence
Dreams Overview & Analysis• Form groups of 4 with your desks• Take out your dream journals and your notes from last
night and use them to respond to the following questions:• According to the textbook, what are the most common themes of
dreams? Do these themes show up in your dream journal? • How does our two-track mind incorporate our environment into our
dreams? Has this ever happened to you?• Dream Theory #1: To satisfy our own wishes- does this appear in
your journal?• Dream Theory #2: To file away memories- does this appear in your
journal?• Dream Theory #3: To reflect cognitive development- does this
appear in your journal?
