Chapter 3: Colonies

8/12/2019 Chapter 3: Colonies

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Warm-up for 3-1What financial responsibilities exist betweena parent and a child? Could a similarrelationship exist between a parent nation

and its colonies? Explain



purpose of the colonieswas to enrich Britain

theory of mercantilism-economic systemdesigned to increasewealth and power by

obtaining gold and silverand est. a favorablebalance of trade



colonial merchants sought $and traded goods to otherEuropean nations

England viewed this as a threatNavigation Acts (1651)- series oflaws restricting colonial trade

-all goods must be passed

through England-goods must be shipped oncolonial or British ships

passed by Parliament- England’slegislative body

*colonial merchants resentedrestrictions and smuggledgoods



Tensions EmergeDominion of New England(1686)-est. of one colony, under oneruler by James II, to make the

colonial govt. more obedientSir Edmund Andros- chosen torule New England

Glorious Revolution (1688)-transfer of the British monarchyfrom RC James II to ProtestantsWilliam and MaryParliament restored originalstatus of the colonies in 1691-required more religious tolerationbetween Puritans/Anglicans



England Loosens the ReinsTurns attention away to pursue control of EuropeSalutary neglect- new policy of relaxing theenforcement of regulations in its colonies in return forcontinued economic loyalty

-affects politics as well as economics-colonialists dev. a taste for self-governing



STUARTS James I 1603-1625Charles I 1625-1649

COMMONWEALTHOliver Cromwell 1649-1658Richard Cromwell 1658-1659

STUARTS (restored)Charles II 1660-1685 James II 1685-1688William III 1689-1702Mary II 1689-1694Anne 1702-1714

HOUSE OF HANOVERGeorge I 1714-1727

George II 1727-1760George III 1760-1820

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_William_III,_(1650-1702).jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Mary_II.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_II_by_John_Riley.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_II_(1670s).jpg



Warm-up for 3-2Do you think it is possible to live a life ofleisure and wealth without relying on the hard

work of other, poorer people? Explain



Plantations develop instead of towns (rural)Plantation farmers specialize in raising a single cashcrop- grown for sale, not use

-examples- tobacco, rice, indigodeep river systems of the south allowed access forocean-going vessels



Southern Societydominated by planterssmall farmers formedmajority of pop.women had few legal orsocial rights ( educated insocial graces & domestictasks)indentured servants-harsh

limited term of servitude,many decide to not tocome & planters faced w/a depleted labor force



Slavery-people who are considered the property of othersincreasingly difficult to enslave Native AmericansAfricans’ dark skin seen as a sign of inferiority slavery going on since late 1600’s in West Indies triangular trade

merchants bring goods (rum) to Africa to trade goods for slavesslaves brought to West Indies for sugar and molassesgoods brought to NE to be distilled

middle passage- voyage that brought Africans to West Indies and later to NA*Up to 20% died from cruel treatment, disease, or suicide on their way to theNew World*

http://crystalcavechronicles.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/african-slave.jpg



African Culturekept alive culture and musicaltraditions

retold stories of ancestorsdance- colonists tried, but failedto eradicate it

resisted slavery by fakingillness, breaking tools, stagingwork slowdownsStono rebellion- occurred near Stono River near

Charlestown in 1739-militia put down rebellion-despite failure, showed courageand scared colonists

**the slave trade spanned ~400 years, from the 15th to the 19th century, andremoved an estimated 25-30 million

people from Africa**



Warm-up for 3-3What do you like or dislike about city life?How do large cities near us influence our

communities? How might the growth ofcommercial cities affect life in the colonies?



1650-1750, colonieseconomy grew 2x as fastas GB’s farms produced severalcrops unlike the southcommercial economy-grinding wheat, fishing,lumber, & shipbuildingmajor port cities-Boston, NYC, &Philadelphia*Philly was the first largecity since Ancient Romantimes to be laid out in a

grid



Immigrants bringdiversityfleeing economicdistress or seeking

religious freedom(Scots-Irish, Germans,Dutch, Scandinavians,& Jews)

Slavery in the Northslavery existed in NEand thrived in middlecoloniesenjoyed greater legalstanding

could sue and be sued

Womenfew rights, same assouth



Salemgirls accused a West Indianslave woman, Tituba, of

witchcraft in 1692hysteria gripped town asaccusations grew19 people were hung, 1

person crushed to death, &4 or 5 “witches” died in jail



There was a marked west-east split between the accusedand accusers. The villagers living in the hills to the westmade accusations against the inhabitants of the moreaffluent east. Other possible theories about the cause ofthe Witch Trials, besides economic jealousy, includereligious hysteria and ergot poisoning.



Enlightenmentmovement in the 1700’sthat emphasized the use ofreason and the scientificmethod

as a means ofobtaining knowledgeBenjamin Franklin-believed humans could usetheir intelligence toimprove their lives

invented lightning rod &bifocalsknown for being a ladies man

“Nothing is certain but death andtaxes” “A penny saved, is a penny

earned”



Only went to 2 nd gradeInvented the catheterInvented bifocalsPrinted 1 st mail order catalogEst. the nations 1 st insurance company

Set up the 1st subscription libraryInvented the lightning rod

Invented a heater, the Franklin stoveOrganized 1 st volunteer fire dept.Helped setup Univ. of Penn.1st demonstrated that acidic soils can be made fertile by adding limeDid much to develop the science of electricity and give it avocabularyPrinted Poor Richard’s Almanac- known for weatherSigner of the Declaration of IndependenceCampaigned unsuccessfully to have the turkey selected as thesymbol of America



Enlightenment cont.

Thomas Jefferson-used reason to conclude that

individuals have naturalrights, which govt. mustrespectdrafted Declaration ofIndependence3rd President of US

The Great Awakeningrevival of religious feelingthroughout the 1730’s and1740’s Jonathon Edwards- famouspreacherGoal- revive intensity oforiginal Puritan visionincreased interest in highereducation

(Protestant schools founded-Princeton, Brown, Columbia,& Dartmouth)

*Both movements caused people to question traditional authority andstressed importance of the individual*



Warm-up for 3-4Video warm-up The Impact of the French and IndianWar

Alternative- Have you ever experienced afriendship with one person that caused a rift withanother? Do you think a similar situation couldoccur between nations? Explain



Dispute of fertile OhioRiver Valley*Robert Cavelier hadclaimed MississippiValley, naming itLouisiana in 1682New France- Frenchcolony sparselypopulated (70,000 by1754)French consisted oftraders and priestsHad developed friendlyrelations w/ Indians



The SparkIn 1754 the French built a fort in modern-dayPittsburgh, but the British had previously granted

the land to a wealthy planterVirginia governor sends militia led by GeorgeWashington to evict the FrenchBattle ensued and Washington was forced to

surrender- this began the French and Indian War



French used guerilla style fighting towin battle after battleWilliam Pitt-politician and militaryleader sent by King Georgeturned the tide & aligned w/ powerful

Iroquois



Battle of Quebec- 59’surprise attack by

British wins the warTreaty of Paris- (1763)GB gains all of NAeast of Mississippi

including FloridaSpain gained Frenchlands W ofMississippi includingNew Orleans





1st political cartoon in AmericaBenjamin Franklin created to encourage thecolonies to unite against the French and Indianforces*widely circulated during the American Revolution



Victory brings problemsPontiac- Ottawa leaderrealizes French lossmeans Indian losscaptures 8 British fortsin Ohio ValleyBritish present small-pox infected blankets totwo Delaware chiefsweakened by disease &war many negotiatepeace by 1765Proclamation of 1763-British govt. banned allsettlement west ofAppalachians (like theNavigation Acts theycould not enforce)



Tensions between Colonies and Britain1. proclamation convinced colonists

that the British did not care abouttheir needs

2. writs of assistance-law allowingcustom officials to search any shipor building for smuggling

3. British leave 10,000 men interritories to control Indians

4. George Grenville- prime ministerwho developed Sugar Act (3)1. Halved duty of foreign mademolasses

2. placed duties on certain imports3. allowed prosecutors to trysmuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court as opposed to acolonial court

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Chapter 3: Colonies

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