Chapter 6: BI Implementation: Integration and Emerging Trends Business Intelligence: A Managerial...

Chapter 6:Chapter 6:

BI Implementation: BI Implementation:

Integration and Emerging Integration and Emerging TrendsTrends

Business Intelligence: Business Intelligence: A Managerial Approach A Managerial Approach

(2(2ndnd Edition) Edition)

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall6-2

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives Describe the major business intelligence (BI)

implementation issues List some critical success factors of BI

implementation Describe the importance and issues in

integrating BI technologies and applications Understand the needs for connecting BI

systems with other information systems Define on-demand BI and its

advantages/limitations List and describe representative privacy, major

legal and ethical issues of BI implementation


Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives Understand Web 2.0 and its characteristics as

related to BI and decision support Understand social networking concepts, selected

applications, and their relationship to BI Describe how virtual world technologies can

change the use of BI applications Describe the integration of social software in BI Know how Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

data analysis can help improve supply chain management (SCM) and other operations

Describe how massive data acquisition techniques can enable reality mining


Opening Vignette…Opening Vignette…

“BI Eastern Mountain Sports Increases

Collaboration and Productivity”Company backgroundProblem descriptionProposed solutionResultsAnswer & discuss the case questions


Opening VignetteOpening VignetteCollaborative Decision Making at Eastern Mountain SportsCollaborative Decision Making at Eastern Mountain Sports


Implementing BI – An OverviewImplementing BI – An Overview

Decisional Factors in BI Implementation Reporting and analysis tools

Features, functionality, flexibility, scalability Database

Scalability, performance, security ETL Tools

Accessibility, efficiency, usability Costs

Hardware/software, development/training Benefits

Tangibles/intangibles - time saving, improved decisions/operations/customer satisfaction/


Implementing BI – An OverviewImplementing BI – An Overview

Critical Success Factors for BI Implementationa. Business driven methodology and project

managementb. Clear vision and planningc. Committed management support and

sponsorshipd. Data management and quality issuese. Mapping the solutions to the user

requirementsf. Performance considerations of the BI systemg. Robust and extensible framework


Managerial Issues Related to BI Managerial Issues Related to BI ImplementationImplementation

1. System development and the need for integration

2. Cost–benefit issues and justification3. Legal issues and privacy4. BI and BPM today and tomorrow5. Cost justification; intangible benefits6. Documenting and securing support

systems7. Ethical issues8. BI Project failures


BI and Integration BI and Integration ImplementationImplementation

Types of Integration Functional integration

different [physically separate] applications are provided/used as if it is a single system

Physical integration packaging the hardware, software, and

communication features required to accomplish functional integration

Primary focus in BI (and in this book) is functional-application integration



Why integrate? To better implement a complete BI

system To increase the capabilities of the BI

applications To enable real-time decision support To enable more powerful applications To facilitate faster system development To enhance support activities such as

blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, etc.



Levels of BI Integration Functional integration can be within the

same BI or across different BI systems Integration across different BI systems can be

accomplished in a loosely coupled fashion – input output passing, messaging (SOA)

Integration within a BI system is more cohesive with several sub-systems constituting the whole

Embedded Intelligent Systems Serving as the intelligent agents within BI


Connecting BI Systems to Connecting BI Systems to Databases and Other Enterprise Databases and Other Enterprise SystemsSystems

Virtually every BI application requires database or data warehouse access

Multi-tiered Application ArchitectureMulti-tiered Application Architecture


Connecting BI Systems to Connecting BI Systems to Databases and Other Enterprise Databases and Other Enterprise SystemsSystems Integrating BI applications and back-end

systems Web scripting languages (e.g., PHP, JSP, ASP) Application integration servers (e.g., WebLogic) Enterprise application integration – integration

of large systems (BI to ERP, SCM, CRM, KM, etc.)

Integrating BI and ERP for DSS ERP captures and stores data BI converts data into

information/knowledge Middleware?


On-Demand BIOn-Demand BI

The limitations of Traditional BI Complex, time-consuming, expensive

The On-Demand Alternative On-demand computing = Utility

computing SaaS (Software as a service) Allows SMEs to utilize affordable BI On-demand function alternatives

Internally sharing licenses within a firm Sharing licenses with many firms via an ASP


Benefits of On-Demand BIBenefits of On-Demand BI

Ability to handle fluctuating demand Flexible use of the BI technology pool

Reduced investment/cost Hardware (servers and peripherals) Software (more features for less) Maintenance (centralized timely updates)

Embodiment of recognized best practices Better flexibility and connectivity with

other systems via SaaS infrastructure Better RIO


The Limitations of On-Demand BIThe Limitations of On-Demand BI

Integration of vendors’ software with company’s software may be difficult

The vendor can go out of business, leaving the company without a service

It is difficult or even impossible to modify hosted software for better fit with the users’ needs

Upgrading may become a problem You may relinquish strategic data to

strangers (lack of privacy/security of corporate data)


Issues of Legality, Privacy and Issues of Legality, Privacy and EthicsEthics

Legal issues Liability for the actions of advice provided

by BI Who is liable, if the software advice fails?

Privacy Right to be left alone and the right to be

free from unreasonable personal intrusions Collecting information about individuals The Web and information collection Mobile user privacy Homeland security and individual privacy


Issues of Legality, Privacy and Issues of Legality, Privacy and EthicsEthics Ethics in Decision Making and Support

Electronic surveillance Software piracy Use of proprietary databases Use of intellectual property such as knowledge Computer accessibility for workers with

disabilities Accuracy of data, information, and knowledge Protection of the rights of users

Use of corporate computers for non-work-related purposes (personal use of Internet while working)


Issues of Legality, Privacy and Issues of Legality, Privacy and EthicsEthics

Typical problem formulation

(T.O.P perspective)

Integration of moral intensity

components

Problem formulation expansion

Conversation

Typical problem formulation

(T.O.P perspective)

Stakeholder expansion

Problemdefinition

“Unfolding” to control expansion

S

SS

S

SS

= Stakeholder

S

A Model of Ethical Problem FormulationA Model of Ethical Problem Formulation


Emerging Topics in BI – An Emerging Topics in BI – An OverviewOverview

Web 2.0 revolution as it relates to BI in (Section 6.7)

Online social networks (Section 6.8) Virtual worlds as related to BI (Section

6.9) Integration social networking and BI

(Section 6.10) RFID and BI (Section 6.11) Reality Mining (Section 6.12)


Emerging Topics in BI – An Emerging Topics in BI – An OverviewOverviewThe Future of BIThe Future of BI

Web 2.0 revolution as it related to BI (Section 6.7)

Online social networks (Section 6.8) Virtual worlds as related to BI (Section

6.9) Integration social networking and BI

(Section 6.10) RFID and BI (Section 6.11) Reality Mining (Section 6.12)


Emerging Topics in BI – An Emerging Topics in BI – An OverviewOverview In 2009, collaborative decision making emerged as a new

product category that combines social software with business intelligence platform capabilities.

In 2010, 20 percent of organizations will have an industry-specific analytic application delivered via software as a service as a standard component of their business intelligence portfolio.

By 2012, business units will control at least 40 percent of the total budget for BI.

By 2012, one-third of analytic applications applied to business processes will be delivered through coarse-grained application mashups.

Because of lack of information, processes, and tools, through 2012, more than 35 percent of the top 5,000 global companies will regularly fail to make insightful decisions about significant changes in their business and markets.


The Web 2.0 RevolutionThe Web 2.0 Revolution Web 2.0: a popular term for describing

advanced Web technologies and applications, including blogs, wikis, RSS, mashups, user-generated content, and social networks

Objective: enhance creativity, information sharing, and collaboration

Difference between Web 2.0 and Web 1.xUse of Web for collaboration among Internet users and other users, content providers, and enterprises


The Web 2.0 RevolutionThe Web 2.0 Revolution Web 2.0: an umbrella term for new

technologies for both content as well as how the Web works

Web 2.0 has led to the evolution of Web-based virtual communities and their hosting services, such as social networking sites, video-sharing sites

Companies that understand these new applications and technologies—and apply the capabilities early on—stand to greatly improve internal business processes and marketing


The Web 2.0 RevolutionThe Web 2.0 RevolutionCharacteristics of the Web 2.0Characteristics of the Web 2.0 The ability to tap into the collective intelligence of

users. The more users contribute, the better. Data is made available in new or never-intended

ways. Web 2.0 data can be remixed or “mashed up”.

Web 2.0 relies on user-generated and user-controlled content and data (enhanced collaboration).

Lightweight programming techniques and tools let nearly anyone act as a Web site developer.

The virtual elimination of software-upgrade cycles makes everything a perpetual beta or work-in-progress and allows rapid prototyping, using the Web as an application development platform.


The Web 2.0 RevolutionThe Web 2.0 RevolutionCharacteristics of the Web 2.0Characteristics of the Web 2.0 Users can access and manage applications

entirely through a browser. An architecture of participation and digital

democracy encourages users to add value to the application as they use it.

There is a major emphasis on social networks and computing.

Information sharing and collaboration is greatly supported.

This allows for rapid and continuous creation of new business models.

“dynamic content, rich user experience, metadata, scalability, open source, and freedom (net neutrality)”


The Web 2.0 RevolutionThe Web 2.0 Revolution

Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) An enabling technology for Web 2.0, resulting

in rich, interactive, fast-response, user-friendly GUIs

Makes Web pages feel more responsive by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes (eliminated the need for reloading the complete Web page)

Leads to improved Web page interactivity, loading speed, and usability

Many companies and new business models have emerged based on Web 2.0


Online Social Networking –Online Social Networking –Basics and ExamplesBasics and Examples A social network is a place where people

create their own space, or homepage, on which they write blogs; post pictures, videos, or music; share ideas; and link to other Web locations they find interesting. The mass adoption of social networking Web

sites points to an evolution in human social interaction

The size of social network sites are growing rapidly, with some having over 100 million members – growth for successful ones 40 to 50 % in the first few years and 15 to 25 % thereafter


Online Social Networking –Online Social Networking –Social Network Analysis Social Network Analysis SoftwareSoftware It is used to identify, represent, analyze,

visualize, or simulate networks with Nodes – agents, organizations, or knowledge Edges – relationships identified from various

types of input data (relational and non-relational)

Various input and output file formats exist SNA software tools include

Business-oriented social network tools such as InFlow and NetMiner

Social Networks Visualizer, or SocNetV, which is a Linux-based open source package


Mobile Social NetworkingMobile Social Networking Social networking where members converse

and connect with one another using cell phones or other mobile devices

MySpace and Facebook offer mobile services Mobile only services: Brightkite, and Fon11 Basic types of mobile social networks

1. Partnership with mobile carriers (use of MySpace over AT&T network)

2. Without a partnership (“off deck”) (e.g., MocoSpace and Mobikade)

Mobile Enterprise Networks Mobile Community Activities (e.g., Sonopia)


Major Social Network ServicesMajor Social Network Services

Facebook: The Network Effect Launched in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg

(former Harvard student) It is the largest social network service in the

world with over 500 million active users worldwide

Initially intended for college and high school students to connected to other students at the same school

In 2006 opened its doors to anyone over 13; enabling Facebook to compete directly with MySpace.


Major Social Network ServicesMajor Social Network Services Orkut: Exploring the Very Nature of Social

Networking Sites The brainchild of a Turkish Google programmer It was to be Google's homegrown answer to

MySpace and Facebook Format is similar to others: a homepage where

users can display every facet of their personal life they desire using various multimedia applications

A major highlight of Orkut – ability to create and control communities

Also supports many languages


Implications of Business and Implications of Business and Enterprise Social NetworksEnterprise Social Networks Business oriented social networks can go

beyond “advertising and sales” Emerging enterprise social networking

apps: Finding and Recruiting Workers

See Application Case 14.2 for a representative example Management Activities and Support Training Knowledge Management and Expert Location

e.g., innocentive.com; awareness.com; Caterpillar Enhancing Collaboration Using Blogs and Wikis Within the Enterprise …>


Implications of Business and Implications of Business and Enterprise Social NetworksEnterprise Social Networks Survey shows that best-in-class

companies use blogs and wikis for the following applications: Project collaboration and communication

(63%) Process and procedure document (63%) FAQs (61%) E-learning and training (46%) Forums for new ideas (41%) Corporate-specific dynamic glossary and

terminology (38%) Collaboration with customers (24%)


Virtual WorldsVirtual Worlds

Virtual worlds have existed for a long time in various forms — stereoscopes, Cinerama, simulators, computer games, …

They are artificial worlds created by computer systems in which the user has the impression of being immersed

Examples: Second Life (secondlife.com) Google Lively (lively.com) EverQuest (everquest.com)

Avatars ? Avatars ?


Second Life as a DSSSecond Life as a DSS Advantages:

Easy access and low cost Experienced and dedicated designer/builders Tools and venues for communications-driven

decision support (DecisionSupportWorld.com) A large, dedicated user base Impression management / creativity enhancement Time compression Easy data integration from real life using RSS

feeds Encourages active participation and experiential

learning


Second Life as a DSSSecond Life as a DSS

Disadvantages: Learning time and training costs Distractions are numerous Pranksters and spam are common Technology problems persist Chat is a very slow communication tool Resistance to use Addiction Participation in most of these virtual

environments requires downloading of a "plug-in"


Virtual TradeshowsVirtual Tradeshows

See iTradeFair.comSee iTradeFair.com


Social Networks and BI:Social Networks and BI:Collaborative Decision Making Collaborative Decision Making Collaborative decision making (CDM) –

combines social software and BI CDM is a category of decision-support system

for non-routine, complex decisions that require iterative human interactions.

Ad hoc tagging regarding value, relevance, credibility, and decision context can substantially enrich both the decision process and the content that contributes to the decisions.

Tying BI to decisions and outcomes that can be measured will enable organizations to better demonstrate the business value of BI.


How CDM WorksHow CDM Works


RFID and BIRFID and BI

Wal-Mart's RFID mandate in June 2003 DoD, Target, Albertson's, Best Buy,… RFID is a generic technology that refers

to the use of radio frequency waves to identify objects.

RFID is a new member of the automatic identification technologies family, which also includes the ubiquitous barcodes and magnetic strips.


How does RFID work?How does RFID work?

RFID system a tag (an electronic chip attached to

the product to be identified) an interrogator (i.e., reader) with one

or more antennae attached a computer (to manage the reader

and store the data captured by the reader)

Tags Active tag versus Passive tags


Data Representation for RFIDData Representation for RFID

RFID tags contain 96 bits of data in the form of serialized global trade identification numbers (SGTIN) [see epcglobalinc.org]


RFID for Supply Chain BIRFID for Supply Chain BI

RFID in Retail Systems Functions in a distribution center

receiving, put-away, picking, and shipping Sequence of operations at a receiving

dock1.unloading the contents of the trailer2.verification of the receipt of goods against

expected delivery (purchase order)3.documentation of the discrepancy 4.application of labels to the pallets, cases,

items 5.sorting of goods for put-away or cross-dock


RFID for Supply Chain BIRFID for Supply Chain BI

RFID in Retail Systems


RFID Data SampleRFID Data Sample

RFID in Retail Systems


RFID for BI in Supply ChainRFID for BI in Supply Chain

Better SC visibility with RFID systems Timing/duration of movements between

different locations – especially important for products with limited shelf life

Better management of out-of-stock items (optimal restocking of store shelves)

Help streamline the backroom operations: eliminate unnecessary case cycles, reorders

Better analysis of movement timings for more effective and efficient logistics


RFID + Sensors for Better BIRFID + Sensors for Better BI Knowing the location and health of goods

(i.e., exception) during transportation


Reality MiningReality Mining

Identifying aggregate patterns of human activity trends (see sensenetworks.com by MIT & Columbia University)

Many devices send location information Cars, buses, taxis, mobile phones, cameras,

and personal navigation devices Using technologies such as GPS, WiFi, and

cell tower triangulation Enables tracking of assets, finding

nearby services, locating friends/family members, …


Reality MiningReality Mining Citisense: finding people with similar

interests

See www.sensenetworks.com/citysense.php for real-time animation of the content.

A map of an area of San Francisco with density designation at place of interests


End of the ChapterEnd of the Chapter

Questions, comments


All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States

of America.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Date post:	21-Dec-2015
Category:	Documents
View:	249 times
Download:	7 times

Chapter 6: BI Implementation: Integration and Emerging Trends Business Intelligence: A Managerial...

Documents