Chapter 6

Life in the Industrial Age

• dynamo: A machine that generates electricity (generator)

• interchangeable parts: Identical components that could be used in place of one another to improve efficiency.

• assembly line: Workers add to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next.

• stock: Shares in the company that are sold to investors.

• corporation: Businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock.

• cartel: A group of corporations who joined forces to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets

Section 1:The Industrial Revolution

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Essential Question:

How did science, technology, and big business promote industrial growth?

New Industrial Powers Emerge• Germany, France and US

have more coal, iron and other resources

• Used British ideas and Inventions, then tried to improve them

• 2 leaders: US and Germany

• Slower countries: lacked resources & capital, had unstable gov’ts

• Most needed for industry: natural resources

• Other nations had abundant supplies of natural resources

• Were able to use the ideas and technology that Britain developed

What factors led to the industrialization of other nations

after Britain?

Technology Sparks Industrial Growth

• Bessemer: Becomes symbol of 2nd IR

• Companies start to hire people whose develop products/ideas

• Chemicals- aspirin, soaps, fertilizers, dynamite (Nobel)

• Electricity- replaces steam power by 1890’s– Faraday: created 1st electric motor

and dynamo (generator)– Edison creates 1st electric light

bulb

New methods of production• Interchangeable

parts

• Assembly line

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• Scientists develop new products and technology– Steel production– Dynamite– Dynamo (electricity/generator)– Interchangeable parts– Assembly line

How did technology help industry expand?

Transportation Advances

• Steamships replaced sail

• Railroads: Transcontinental & Trans-Siberian

• Automobile– Nikolaus Otto: internal combustion engine– 1866 Germans began: Benz, Daimler– Henry Ford=mass production

• Airplanes– Internal combustion=sustained flight– 1903 Orville & Wilbur Wright first flight in Kitty

Hawk, NC

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Communication Advances

• Samuel Morse - Morse Code 1844– Electric cables were run across Atlantic 1860s

• Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone 1876

• Guglielmo Marconi – radio, 1890

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How did technical advances in transportation and communications

affect the Industrial Revolution?

• Changed the way people lived

• People could travel faster and farther by steamships, railroad, car, and airplanes.

• Communication on a national and international level by telegraph, telephone, and radio.

Business Takes a New Direction

• Corporations develop (investors own stock & many people own a company)

• Increases available capital, more industry• Monopolies develop• Cartels: groups of companies that get together and

fix/set prices• call for regulation

Captains of Industry or Robber Barons

Why were big business leaders “captains of industry” to some, but

“robber barons” to others?”

• Some believed that captains of industry created economic benefits

• Others thought the robber barons exploited consumers and free enterprise.

Section 1 Essential Question

How did science, technology, and business promote industrial growth?

Write 6 sentences: 2 sentences on each of the three categories,

include the vocabulary terms

• Science Inventions: – medicines, fertilizers, dynamite

• New technology: – Steel production/Bessemer Process, – transportation (trains, autos, planes) – communication (Morse, telephone, radio)– Power sources: Electric power replaces steam, electric dynamo

(generators and transformers)

• Business – Production: interchangeable parts, assembly line, transportation– Practices: stocks, giant corporations, cartels, & regulation.

How did science, technology, and business promote industrial growth?