Chapter 6
Life in the Industrial Age
• dynamo: A machine that generates electricity (generator)
• interchangeable parts: Identical components that could be used in place of one another to improve efficiency.
• assembly line: Workers add to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next.
• stock: Shares in the company that are sold to investors.
• corporation: Businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock.
• cartel: A group of corporations who joined forces to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets
Section 1:The Industrial Revolution
Spreads
Essential Question:
How did science, technology, and big business promote industrial growth?
New Industrial Powers Emerge• Germany, France and US
have more coal, iron and other resources
• Used British ideas and Inventions, then tried to improve them
• 2 leaders: US and Germany
• Slower countries: lacked resources & capital, had unstable gov’ts
• Most needed for industry: natural resources
• Other nations had abundant supplies of natural resources
• Were able to use the ideas and technology that Britain developed
What factors led to the industrialization of other nations
after Britain?
Technology Sparks Industrial Growth
• Bessemer: Becomes symbol of 2nd IR
• Companies start to hire people whose develop products/ideas
• Chemicals- aspirin, soaps, fertilizers, dynamite (Nobel)
• Electricity- replaces steam power by 1890’s– Faraday: created 1st electric motor
and dynamo (generator)– Edison creates 1st electric light
bulb
New methods of production• Interchangeable
parts
• Assembly line
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• Scientists develop new products and technology– Steel production– Dynamite– Dynamo (electricity/generator)– Interchangeable parts– Assembly line
How did technology help industry expand?
Transportation Advances
• Steamships replaced sail
• Railroads: Transcontinental & Trans-Siberian
• Automobile– Nikolaus Otto: internal combustion engine– 1866 Germans began: Benz, Daimler– Henry Ford=mass production
• Airplanes– Internal combustion=sustained flight– 1903 Orville & Wilbur Wright first flight in Kitty
Hawk, NC
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Communication Advances
• Samuel Morse - Morse Code 1844– Electric cables were run across Atlantic 1860s
• Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone 1876
• Guglielmo Marconi – radio, 1890
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How did technical advances in transportation and communications
affect the Industrial Revolution?
• Changed the way people lived
• People could travel faster and farther by steamships, railroad, car, and airplanes.
• Communication on a national and international level by telegraph, telephone, and radio.
Business Takes a New Direction
• Corporations develop (investors own stock & many people own a company)
• Increases available capital, more industry• Monopolies develop• Cartels: groups of companies that get together and
fix/set prices• call for regulation
Captains of Industry or Robber Barons
Why were big business leaders “captains of industry” to some, but
“robber barons” to others?”
• Some believed that captains of industry created economic benefits
• Others thought the robber barons exploited consumers and free enterprise.
Section 1 Essential Question
How did science, technology, and business promote industrial growth?
Write 6 sentences: 2 sentences on each of the three categories,
include the vocabulary terms
• Science Inventions: – medicines, fertilizers, dynamite
• New technology: – Steel production/Bessemer Process, – transportation (trains, autos, planes) – communication (Morse, telephone, radio)– Power sources: Electric power replaces steam, electric dynamo
(generators and transformers)
• Business – Production: interchangeable parts, assembly line, transportation– Practices: stocks, giant corporations, cartels, & regulation.
How did science, technology, and business promote industrial growth?