CHAPTER 6

SAFETY AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALSINFORMATION FOR THE PETTY OFFICER

Personnel safety is the responsibility of all hands.Without personnel safety, many injuries and deathswould occur. The Navy has lost many man hours andgood people because safety procedures were notpracticed continuously. As you study this topic, youwill see the various aspects of personnel safety.Personnel safety is important to each of us, and thistopic explains why.

SAFETY

Learning Objectives: Recognize the necessity forwork center and job site safety. Recall how to performduties of a divisional safety petty officer. Recall thepurpose and function of the command’s safety council.Recall how to conduct safety awareness training.Identify the procedures to audit the tag-out log.

...out of this nettle, danger, we pluck thisflower, safety.

—William ShakespeareHenry IV, I.3

Safety rules and regulations concern all of us,regardless of the job to which we are assigned. Alltypes of tasks, from the simplest to the most hazardous,have safety regulations. We often will not observesafety precautions unless we are fully aware of thedangers involved. Therefore, as a petty officer, you areresponsible for ensuring that other personnel are awareof the dangers and know the safety precautions tocombat these dangers.

The objective of any safety program is to improveoperational readiness by reducing personnel deathsand injuries and by decreasing material loss anddamage. To achieve that objective, you should ensuresafety is an all-hands effort that is set in motion andmonitored by the entire chain of command.

ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETYRESPONSIBILITIES

Ultimate responsibility for the safety of the unitlies with the commanding officer, and each individualplays a part in that safety. The commanding officer canenhance the safety program of the ship or unit, but youare also important to the success of the program.Specific safety responsibilities of the commandingofficer, safety officer, department and division safetyofficers, and master-at-arms/safety force can be foundin Basic Military Requirements, NAVEDTRA 14277.You may be involved in the program at many differentlevels. For example, you may be assigned the duty ofdivision safety petty officer early in your career. Later,you may be responsible for training others in safety.

Division Safety Petty Officer

The division safety petty officer reports directly tothe division safety officer in all matters concerningdivision safety. In performing this duty, the divisionsafety petty officer is responsible for the following:

• Becoming thoroughly familiar with all safetydirectives and precautions concerning thedivision

• Conducting assigned division mishap preventiontraining and maintaining appropriate records

• Assisting in mishap investigations as directed

• Making recommendations about the safetyprogram to the division safety officer

• Assisting the division safety officer in theexecution of assigned safety duties

• Acting as a technical adviser on matters ofmishap prevention within the division

• Serving on the safety committee or council

6-1

Q1. The objective of any safety program is toimprove operational readiness.

1. True

2. False

REVIEW QUESTION

Safety Council

Some large commands may have a safetyorganization, which starts with a departmental safetycouncil that sends a representative to a command levelsafety council. As the division safety petty officer, youmay serve as the representative of your division to adepartment or command safety council. Members ofthe department safety council will consist of thedepartment head or department representative,depar tment safe ty officer, and div is ionalrepresentatives.

On the command level, the safety councilconvenes monthly to develop recommendations forpolicy on safety matters and to analyze progress of theoverall safety program. The command’s safety councilis composed of the commanding officer or executiveofficer (chairperson), the unit safety officer (recorder,when not the executive officer), department heads,senior enlisted adviser/command master chief, and amedical department representative. The safety officerprepares an agenda in advance of each meeting. Theagenda reflects the extent of any problem(s) anddocuments the need to take action. The safety councilsuggests ways to resolve problems submitted by thesafety committee or any other unit members. Thesafety council also reviews all statistics compiled bythe safety officer and hears medical departmentrepresentative’s reports on injuries. The council alsohears from department heads on all other mishaps thatoccur within their departments. Further, the safetycouncil reviews the recommendations of the enlistedsafety committee and, by endorsement of thecommanding officer, indicates which actions are beingconsidered.

Individual Responsibilities

SAFETY IS AN ALL-HANDS RESPONSI-

BILITY. So what are your responsibilities for safety?

Your personal responsibilities for safety—everywhere

and at all times—are as follows:

• Observe all the precautions related to your workor duty. You may have gotten by with being carelesswith safety rules in the past, but your luck will not holdout forever. If you continually cross a street withoutlooking, eventually a vehicle will hit you.

• Report unsafe conditions or any equipment ormaterials you think might be unsafe. Do not just walk byan open manhole or turn in a cracked tool withoutsaying anything. REPORT IT AND FOLLOW UPWITH CORRECTIONS!

• Warn others of hazards. If you see personsknowingly, or unknowingly, placing themselves orothers in danger, say something. If necessary, report thesituation to your supervisor.

• Report any injury or ill health to your supervisor.A splinter in your finger or a scratch on your leg, iftreated immediately, usually will cause no furthertrouble. However, if an injury is left untreated, infectionmay set in. A 10-minute trip to sick bay may save you a10-day stay there. A person who keeps working whilefeeling dizzy or nauseated is risking injury or death.

• Wear or use protective clothing or equipment. Ifyou are issued a hard hat for work, wear it. The samerule applies to safety shoes, goggles, respirators,hearing protectors, rubber gloves, and similar safetyequipment.

6-2

Q2. Who is responsible for mishap preventiontraining and maintaining appropriate records?

1. Executive officer

2. Command master chief

3. Division safety petty officer

4. All hands

REVIEW QUESTION

Q3. What is the purpose of the command safetycouncil?

1. Mandate safety policy

2. Enforce safety policy

3. Develop recommendations on safetypolicy

4. Conduct safety training

REVIEW QUESTION

• Be safety conscious. Always remain alert topossible danger. Use your senses of sight, smell, touch,and hearing.

• Always inspect equipment and associatedattachments for damage before using the equipment.Check the safety precautions that pertain to each pieceof equipment. Be sure the equipment is suited to the job.For example, never use a 10,000-rpm grinding wheel ona grinder that operates at 15,000 rpm.

Master-at-arms/Safety Force

The master-at-arms (MAA)/safety force is a vitallink in the unit safety organization. You may be assignedas a division safety petty officer or as a member of thesafety force because you are a petty officer. TheMAA/safety force acts as a roving inspector for hazardsand risks (unsafe work practices) that could result ininjury to personnel or damage to equipment. The safetyforce also assists the safety officer in keeping the safetyprogram visible to all personnel as well as ensuring thatthe program is a workable system.

A good safety program is improved throughMAA/safety force inspections and through a system ofinternal reporting. These inspections focus commandattention on material deficiencies and operatingpractices that may harm personnel and equipment. As adivision safety petty officer, you should make everyeffort to support the members of the MAA/safety force,as they are the key to a safe working environment.

Promoting Safety

Why do we always promote safety? The Navywants to keep you as safe as possible for as long aspossible. That’s where the safety program comes in.By promoting safety on and off the job, you improveyour chances of living a long life and having a fulfillingnaval career.

You can promote safety within your division invarious ways. One way is through the use of posters. Apicture is said to be worth a thousand words; but, in thiscase, a picture may be worth a thousand lives. Useposters as safety reminders. Change or rotate safetyposters regularly to different workspaces to drawattention to them. When personnel see the same postersin the same place for months, they start to view them aspart of the bulkhead. They then begin to ignore theposters; write on them; and cover them with notices,schedules, and watch bills.

Warning and caution signs are also effective inpromoting safety. For example, figure 6-1 shows signsindicating the type of personal protective equipment aperson should use when involved in a potentiallyhazardous operation. Other signs are shown in figures6-2 and 6-3.

Another helpful method of promoting safetywithin a division is periodic safety patrols orinspections made by the division safety petty officer.

6-3

CAUTIONEAR PROTECTIONMUST BE WORN

IN THIS AREA

CAUTIONEYE PROTECTIONMUST BE WORN

IN THIS AREA

CAUTIONFACE SHIELDS

MUST BE WORNIN THIS AREA

CAUTIONHARD HATS

REQUIRED INTHIS AREA

CAUTIONFOOT

PROTECTIONMUST BE WORN

IN THIS AREA

CAUTIONRESPIRATORS

MUST BE WORNIN THIS AREA

CAUTIONHAND

PROTECTIONMUST BE WORN

IN THIS AREA

EAR PROTECTORS

To inform workers that they must use ear protectionwhile in confines of a noise zone [where the noiselevel exceeds 85 dB (A weighting) ]

EYE PROTECTORS

To inform workers that they must wear eye protectionwhile in certain areas or while performing a certain task.

FACE SHIELDS

To inform workers that they must wear face protectionwhile in certain areas or while performing certain tasks.

HARD HATS

To inform workers that they must use hard hats incertain areas or performing certain tasks.

FOOT PROTECTION

To inform workers that they must wear foot protectors(i.e., safety boots and shoes, spats, metatarsal protectors,etc.) while in certain areas or performing certain tasks.

RESPIRATORS

To inform workers that they must use respirators whilein a certain area or performing certain tasks.

HAND PROTECTION

To inform workers that they must use hand protectors(i.e., gloves, gauntlets, palm protectors, etc.) whileperforming certain tasks or performing work in certainareas.

MRP3f0601

Figure 6-1. Personal protective caution signs.

6-4

CAUTIONLASER RADIATION - DO NOT STAREINTO BEAM.

0.5x10 W CW HELIUM NEON LASER

CLASS II LASER PRODUCT

-3

CAUTIONLASER RADIATION - DO NOT STAREINTO BEAM OR VIEW DIRECTLY WITHOPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

2 x10 W CW HELIUM NEON LASER

CLASS IIIa LASER PRODUCT

-3

CM 632.8 NM2

CAUTIONLASER RADIATION -

DO NOT STARE INTO

BEAM OR VIEW DIRECTLY

WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION - AVOIDDIRECT EXPOSURE TO BEAM

0.15 JOULE. 30 x 10 SEC.-9

CM2NEODYMIUM LASER

CLASS IIIb LASER PRODUCT

1060NM

DANGER

INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION -AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURETO DIRECT OR SCATTEREDRADIATION

100 WATTS, CW CO LASER10600 NM

2

CLASS IV LASER PRODUCT

DANGER

NEODYMIUM LASER

DO NOT AIM AT PERSONNELOR AT FLAT GLASS SURFACES

DANGER

MRP3f0602

632.8 NM

CLASS IIIa LASER PRODUCT

Figure 6-2. Laser warning signs.

DANGER DANGER

EXPLOSIVEVAPORS

NO SMOKINGOR OPEN FIRE

WA R N IN GDO NOT ENERGIZE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

UNTIL VENTILATION BLOWERS HAVE BEENOPERATING A MINIMUM OF FIVE MINUTES

TO EXPEL EXPLOSIVE VAPORS

DANGERPERSONNEL ARE CAUTIONED TO GUARD

AGAINST POISONOUS EFFECTS OF SMOKE PIPE

GASES WHILE SERVICING EQUIPMENT ALOFT.

WHEN SERVICING EQUIPMENT IN THE WAY

OF SMOKE PIPE GASES USE OXYGEN BREATHING

APPARATUS AND A TELEPHONE CHEST OR

THROAT MICROPHONE SET FOR COMMUNICATION

WITH OTHERS IN WORKING PARTY.

OBTAIN NECESSARY EQUIPMENT BEFORE

GOING ALOFT.

MRP3f0603

Figure 6-3. Typical warning signs.

EQUIPMENT TAG-OUT PROCEDURES

Post DANGER tags, CAUTION tags, andinstrument OUT-OF-COMMISSION tags or OUT-OFCALIBRATION labels following authorizedprocedures. Those tags and labels will help ensure thesafety of personnel and prevent improper operation ofequipment. Do not remove or break posted safety tagswithout proper authorization. Chapter 6 of StandardOrganization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy,OPNAVINST 3120.32, contains basic guidelines andstandardized procedures for tag-out procedures. BasicMilitary Requirements, NAVEDTRA 14277, discussesthe tag-out procedures in detail. In this topic thepurpose of the tag-out bill, tag-out logs, record sheets,and audits will be presented.

Purpose

An equipment tag-out bill has three purposes. Thefirst purpose is to provide a procedure for personnel touse to prevent the improper operation of a component,piece of equipment, a system, or portion of a system thatis isolated or in an abnormal condition. The secondpurpose is to provide a procedure for personnel to use inoperating an instrument that is unreliable or not in anormal operating condition. This procedure is similar tothe tag-out procedure except that it requires the use oflabels instead of tags to indicate instrument status. Thelast purpose is to provide separate procedures forpersonnel to use when accomplishing certain plannedmaintenance system (PMS) maintenance actions. Theseprocedures apply only to non-nuclear surface ships andcraft and non-nuclear, non-propulsion areas of nuclearsurface ships. PMS tag-out procedures are notauthorized aboard submarines, submarine tenders,submarine rescue vessels, in propulsion areas of nuclearsurface ships, or within submarine support facilities.

All U.S. Navy ships and repair activities must usestandardized tag-out procedures.

Tag-out Logs

Tag-out logs are used to control the entire tag-outprocedure. The number of tag-out logs required dependson ship size. For example, a minesweeper may onlyrequire one tag-out log for the whole ship, while a majorsurface combatant may require a separate log for eachdepartment. Individual force commanders specify thenumber of logs that various ship classes must maintainand what areas of the ship must maintain them.

On ships maintaining more than one tag-out log,authorizing officers must exchange informationconcerning tag out actions. When a tag out affectsother authorizing officers, the initiating party obtainsverbal permission from those officers to tag out thesystem or equipment in question before the tag out isauthorized. Examples of systems that may require suchcoordination are ship service electrical distribution,hydraulics, air, ventilation, and air conditioning chillwater systems.

The tag-out log is a record of authorization of eacheffective tag out action. It contains the followingdocuments:

• A copy of the main instruction and any otheramplifying directives for administering the system.(These documents are kept in the front of the log.)

• A DANGER/CAUTION tag-out index and recordof audits (index/audit record). (The index/audit recordprovides a sequential list of all tag outs and ensures serialnumbers are sequentially issued. They also are used inaudits of the log to provide a ready reference of existingtag outs. The cognizant department head may remove theindex pages with all tag outs listed as cleared.)

• Cleared DANGER/CAUTION tag-out recordsheets that have been cleared and completed. (Thesesheets are kept in the log until received and removed bythe cognizant department head.)

Tags in a common system (for example, ship’s radaror a fire-control system) are logged on oneDANGER/CAUTION tag-out record sheet. Subsequentsheets on the same system are kept together.

RECORD SHEETS.—Some ships going throughan overhaul have used between 2,000 and 3,000DANGER/CAUTION tags. Ship’s personnel use therecord sheets to keep track of all these tags. The front ofthe record sheet contains the name of the system orcomponent, serial number of the tag out, date/time of tagout issue, and reason for the tag out. The sheet alsocontains a place for documentation (blueprints, rip outs,etc.) and authorizing signatures. On the back of the

6-5

Q4. Which of the following items promotes safetyawareness?

1. Posters

2. Caution signs

3. Inspections

4. All of the above

REVIEW QUESTION

record sheet, you will find a record of the numbers of thetags, the persons hanging the tags, and the personssecond checking all the tags. It also contains theauthorization for clearance of the tags by the authorizingofficer and the repair activity representative. The recordincludes the date and time of removal of the tags alongwith the initials of the person(s) removing them. Afterthe tags have been cleared and the record sheet isproperly filled out for the removal of the tags, place thesheet in the back of the tag-out log in the cleared sectionfor destruction at a later time. Record the date and timecleared in the tag-out index/audit record.

AUDITS.—Audits are an important part of thetag-out system. Audits are required at least every2 weeks; nuclear-powered ships require audits weeklyunder some conditions. Audit all outstanding tag-outsheets against the index/audit record section. As part ofthe audit, check each tag-out record sheet forcompleteness and check the installed tags. Make surethe positions of valves or switches haven’t beenchanged from the description on the tag, the label, andthe record sheet. Log the date and time on each tag-outrecord sheet. Note any discrepancies you found (if youfound none, note that also) followed by your signature.Your signature verifies the log is up to date and tagsand/or labels have been visually inspected.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Learning Objectives: Define hazardous material andrecall the sources of information for using, handling,and disposing of hazardous material. Recognize theimportance of instructing personnel in work-related

hazards, safety precautions, and in the use andmaintenance of personal protective equipment andclothing. Recall the types of cleaning solvents and thesafety precautions for handling and using solvents.Recognize proper safety, handling, and inspectionprocedures when disposing of hazardous materials.

We use hazardous materials (HAZMATS) daily,afloat and ashore, in maintenance, repair, and cleaning.We could not maintain our operational effectivenesswithout using hazardous materials. In usingHAZMATS, however, we may also produce hazardouswaste.

We can use hazardous materials effectively andsafely if we take care in their handling, storage, anddisposal. To help ensure our safety, the OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) passed aregulation called Hazard Communication Standard,29 CRF 1910.1200. Since DoD and SECNAV haveadopted that regulation, all civilian and militaryemployees of the federal government must complywith the regulation.

If handled improperly, the hazardous materialsyou must use to do your job can be hazardous to yourhealth, the health of others, and the environment.Therefore, you have the right to be trained in the use ofHAZMATS and to know any information about thosematerials that could threaten your safety or health.

To protect your rights and to ensure personnelcomply with OSHA and Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) regulations, the Navy has developed ahazardous material control and management program.The Environmental and Natural Resources ProgramManual , OPNAVINST 5090.1(Series); NavyOccupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) ProgramManual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 5100.19(Series); and Navy Occupational Safety and Health(NAVOSH) Program Manual, OPNAVINST 5100.23(Series), contain hazardous material control andmanagement information.

The Naval Supply Systems Command managesthe overall program for hazardous material control andmanagement for the Navy. The program’s objectivesare as follows:

• Minimize the amount of hazardous materials inuse.

• Use hazardous materials safely.

• Decrease the amount of hazardous waste weproduce.

6-6

Q5. The number of tag-out logs required dependson the size of the ship.

1. True

2. False

Q6. After the tags are cleared and the record sheetis filled out, where should you place thesheet?

1. At the front of the tag-out log

2. At the back of the tag-out log in thecleared section

3. In the index/audit record

4. In the documentation file

REVIEW QUESTIONS

DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL

What is hazardous material? “Hazardousmaterial” can be defined as any material that, becauseof its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemicalcharacteristics, may pose a real hazard to human healthor the environment. Hazardous materials include thefollowing categories:

• Flammable and Combustible Material

• Toxic Material

• Corrosive Material

• Oxidizers

• Aerosols

• Compressed Gases

Separate directives cover some materialsconsidered hazardous. They include mercury; asbestos;propellants; bulk fuels; ammunition; medical waste; andchemical, biological, and radiological materials.

Afloat units turn in used or excess HAZMATS toPublic Works Centers or other shore collection sites.The shore site then restores, recycles, or disposes of theused or excess hazardous materials.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALSINFORMATION SYSTEM

The Hazardous Materials Information System(HMIS) is a computerized database of material safetydata sheets (MSDSs). It provides information forpeople working in hazardous material management.The system provides basic technical informationrequired for all levels of hazardous materials to aid intheir proper handling, storage, transportation, anddisposal. In addition, HMIS provides informationabout safety, health, and environmental functions.

The HMIS database provides useful information onmore than 70,000 hazardous materials used by DoD.The Naval Supply Systems Command distributes thedatabase quarterly as part of the Hazardous MaterialControl and Management (HMC&M) CD-ROM, whichcontains the following materials:

• HMIS database with MSDSs and labels

• Ship Hazardous Material List (SHML)

• Shelf Life Management Chart

• Hazardous Material User’s Guide (HMUG)

• Shipboard Safety Equipment Shopping Guide

• Glossary of Hazardous Terms

• HMIS/HMC&M Feedback Form

• Navy Inventory Control Point SHML FeedbackReport

• DOT Guides

• Tutorial for hardware and software

Each ship and most shore stations have been issueda computer compact disk (CD) player and are ondistribution for HMC&M updates.

WORK CENTER SUPERVISORSRESPONSIBILITIES

Work center supervisors have the followingresponsibilities when working with HAZMATS:

• Ensure that approved personal protectiveclothing and equipment are maintained and used.

• Ensure that prior to initial use or handling anyhazardous materials, workcenter personnel have beentrained on the hazards associated with that material andare familiar with what an MSDS is, what it contains, andwhere a copy is available for review.

• Ensure that, prior to using any hazardous material,personnel under their supervision are trained on thehazards associated with that material, and that they havebeen provided with necessary protective clothing andequipment (i.e., eye protection, respirators, gloves).

• Ensure that adequate supply and exhaustventilation is maintained in all spaces where hazardousmaterials are used, that such systems are in goodoperating condition, and that they have been evaluatedas adequate by the industrial hygiene survey team. Keepventilation intakes clear of hazardous material at alltimes.

6-7

Q7. Occupational Safety and Health Admini-stration passed a regulation that requires allcivilian and military employees of the federalgovernment to comply with what regulation?

1. Hazardous Material Control andManagement

2. Hazard Material and Refuse Management

3. Hazard Communication Standard

4. Hazardous and Toxic Material Disposal

REVIEW QUESTION

CLEANING SOLVENTS

As a petty officer third class, you may be assignedthe task of supervising a cleanup detail. No matter whatthe job—from paint removal to swabbing thedecks—precautions must be taken to guard against thecareless use of cleaning solvents. Take for example theSailor who did not read the labels on the cleaningmaterials he was using to clean a commode. Whileusing a chlorine-based cleaner to clean the commode,he decided to clean the drains at the same time.Therefore, he added a granulated drain cleaner to thecommode containing the chlorine-based cleaner andthen left the head. A few minutes later, he heard a loudexplosion. The chemical reaction of the drain cleanerand the chlorine-based cleaner caused an explosion inthe commode. Luckily, no one was hurt, but the headwas a mess.

Precautions

Solvents used in paints, adhesives, rubber andplastic materials, and in degreasing solutions can behazardous to your health. Most solvents are toxic and,with a few exceptions, are flammable. Appropriatemeasures must be taken to reduce their toxic andflammable effects. In addition, solvents that come incontact with your skin can cause serious skinproblems. When using solvents, always observe thefollowing precautions:

• MAKE sure the space in which you are workinghas adequate ventilation.

• WEAR protective clothing, goggles, respirators,gloves, and other appropriate equipment.

• MAKE sure accessible fire-fighting equipmentis nearby.

• TAKE every precaution to prevent excessivevapors from contaminating the air.

• CHECK the labels on all containers of liquids.

• WIPE up spilled solvents immediately.

• AVOID contact with your eyes, skin, or clothing.You should NEVER swallow solvents and shouldalways avoid breathing the vapors.

• KEEP solvent containers tightly closed whenyou are not using them.

• CHECK containers for leakage; if a container isdefective, transfer the solvent to a new container.

• MAKE sure containers are empty before youdiscard them. You must observe the approved practicesfor disposal of solvents, cleaners, and their containers.

• LABEL all containers used to store solvents.

• READ and comply with all instructions andprecautions on the label.

For information on cleaning solvents, refer toNaval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), chapter 631.

When working with solvents, you must stresssafety precautions to your people. Solvents shouldNEVER be used in an unventilated space under anycircumstances. Special clothing requirements alsomust be observed when using some solvents. As a pettyofficer, you MUST make sure all safety precautions areobserved at all times. Laxity on anyone’s part couldcause a mishap, resulting in injuries or even deaths. Byobserving safety precautions, you and your people willreduce mishaps and save lives.

Damage to containers, including dents, pitting,rust, creases, cracks, and damage to closures andgaskets, may lead to leakage and dangerous spills.Containers in flammable liquid stowage facilities willbe inspected weekly. Containers of other hazardousmaterials will be inspected monthly and inventoriedquarterly. OPNAVINST 5100.19 (Series) describesproper stowage, handling, container inspection, anddisposal of hazardous general-use combustibles.

Types of Solvents

As mentioned throughout this topic, the Navy usesmany types of solvents for a multitude of cleaningassignments. Many of these solvents are highly toxicand some are highly flammable. You must take specialcare when using many of these solvents; make sure youstore them in cool, dry areas. NSTM, chapter 631,contains a list of approved solvents and their flash

6-8

Q8. When personnel are working with hazardousmaterial, supervisors are NOT responsible forensuring that approved personal protectiveclothing and equipment are maintained.

1. True

2. False

REVIEW QUESTION

points (lowest temperature at which vapors ignite in airwhen exposed to flame). Figure 6-4 shows a list ofcommonly used solvents approved by the Navy and theflash points of these solvents. OPNAVINST 5100.19(Series) describes proper stowage, handling, anddisposal of these solvents.

Most cleaning solvents contain toxic substances.These substances can cause injuries if they are inhaled,absorbed by the skin, or ingested. All toxic materialsmust be handled carefully to prevent injury. Thefollowing paragraphs contain information about twogeneral categories of toxic cleaning solvents. There isanother type—fluorocarbon refrigerants and solvents;however, special approval is required to obtain and usethem. If you have any questions about the solvent youare going to use, check the maintenance requirementcards (MRCs) for the task; ask your supervisor; orcheck the NSTM, chapters 631 and 670.

C H L O R I N A T E D - C L E A N I N GSOLVENTS.—Chlorinated-cleaning solvents can behighly toxic if used improperly. They may be irritatingto the skin and toxic if ingested. Toxic vapors may causedamage to the lungs, eyes, and nervous system when thevapors are present in confined spaces, in spaces withinadequate ventilation, or when the vapor concentrationis increased by heating. Solvents decompose at hightemperatures and produce gases more toxic than thesolvents themselves. Solvents react with alkalies,oxidizers, and powdered metals to produce toxic gases.

Common types of chlorinated-cleaning solventsare trichloroethane (inhibited methylchloroform),t r ich loroe thylene , te t rachloroe thane , andtetra-chloroethylene (perchloroethylene, dry-cleaningsolvent). Because of the extreme dangers involved, theNavy severely restricts the use of these solvents. Fordetailed restriction information on solvents, refer toNSTM, chapter 670, section 3.

6-9

Figure 6-4. Approved Navy solvents.

Never stow chlorinated-cleaning solvents near heatsources or open flames. Do not allow them to come incontact with hot surfaces. Make sure stowage areas arewell ventilated and monitored regularly by the gas-freeengineer. Additionally, do not stow these solvents nearincompatible materials. Incompatible materials includestrong alkalies, such as sodium hydroxide; oxidizers,such as calcium hypochlorite and sodium nitrate; andpowdered metals, such as aluminum.

When handling chlorinated-cleaning solvents, wearthe following personal protective equipment (PPE):

• Neoprene gloves

• Safety goggles that will protect against splashesor a face shield

• A chemical cartridge respirator for protectionagainst small amounts of organic vapors or forprotection for a short duration; or an air line respirator(or some other type of supplied-air respirator) if use isextensive or in a confined space

• Coveralls

Make sure work areas in which you usechlorinated-cleaning solvents have proper ventilation.For enclosed spaces, an air change every 3 minutes isrecommended. Consult the gas-free engineer todetermine if the ventilation is adequate.

ORGANIC-CLEANING SOLVENTS.—Organic-cleaning solvents include toluene, xylene,some alcohols, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethylacetate, dry-cleaning solvent (PD-680, Type II),kerosene, petroleum, ether, turpentine, morpholine,and other related compounds. These compounds arehighly flammable and moderately to highly toxic.Some also cause corrosion. Inhalation of concentratedvapors may cause dizziness, nausea, or vomiting.

Stow organic-cleaning solvents in a flammableliquid storeroom, or flammable liquid lockers,according to OPNAVINST 5100.19 (Series), ChapterC23, Appendix C23-C. Keep the solvents away fromheat, open flames, or spark-producing devices. Stowthem away from oxidizers, such as calciumhypochlorite, sodium nitrate, and hydrogen peroxide.

When handling organic-cleaning solvents, wearthe following PPE:

• Neoprene gloves

• Safety splash goggles

• Coveralls (recommended)

In addition, if vapors accumulate over 100 partsper million (ppm), wear an oxygen-breathingapparatus (OBA) and notify the gas-free engineer.

DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL.—When it becomes necessary to dispose of anyhazardous material, it is important to consult with thecommand’s hazardous material control authority.Containers of unused, contaminated, toxic, corrosive,and so forth, material have different guidelines fordisposal. Absorbents used in cleaning, applying, orpacking HAZMATS should be treated using the sameprecautions followed for the hazardous material theyabsorbed. The many procedures and directives thatgovern the disposal of hazardous material areconstantly changing and being updated. As mentionedearlier, supervisors are charged with followingestablished safety procedures. OPNAVINST 5100.19(Series), gives further details on disposal of hazardousmaterial.

6-10

Q9. When working with solvents, which of thefollowing actions should you take?

1. Make sure the space in which you areworking does not have adequateventilation

2. Remove protective clothing if it gets toohot

3. Leave spilled solvents on the deck

4. Check the labels on all containers of liquid

Q10. Most cleaning compounds do NOT containtoxic substances.

1. True

2. False

REVIEW QUESTIONS

Q11. Absorbents used in cleaning, applying, or

packing hazardous materials will be treated

and disposed of using the same precautions

followed for the material they absorbed.

1. True

2. False

REVIEW QUESTION

CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND

RADIOLOGICAL (CBR) DEFENSE

Learning Objectives: Recall the types of riskassessments used to evaluate the appropriate levels ofMission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP). Recallthe four levels of MOPP and the associatedcountermeasures. Identify the use of chemical,biological, and radiological (CBR) protective clothingand equipment for each level of MOPP. Recall how toinstruct personnel on entering, exiting, and personalcleaning in the collective protective system (CPS)decontamination station.

This topic will present the use of chemical,biological, and radiological (CBR) protective clothingand equipment for each level of Mission OrientedProtective Posture (MOPP) and the types of riskassessments used to evaluate the appropriate levels ofMOPP. For basic information on CBR you shouldstudy the Basic Military Requirements, NAVEDTRA14277.

MISSION ORIENTED PROTECTIVEPOSTURE

MOPP procedures are used to establish levels ofreadiness for a chemical agent attack. The proceduresare flexible. They allow the commanding officer (CO)to adapt the requirements for protective clothing andequipment to the degree of the threat and workingconditions at any given time. As an example, personneldoing heavy work in hot weather may suffer heatexhaustion in heavy protective clothing and gas masks.Therefore, unless an attack is actually under way, theCO may relax the protective clothing requirements toprevent certain injury or sickness from heat. Otherexamples include personnel who cannot do their workwearing protective gear, those who need to eat orattend to body functions, and those who must meetother requirements not possible in protective clothing.The command decision to implement each level ofMOPP must be the result of a risk assessment.

RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk is defined as the assessed difference betweenthe threat level and the activation of appropriate levelsof shipboard countermeasures. The risk of casualtiesand contamination must be evaluated and weighedagainst the ability of personnel to perform their dutieswhile being hindered by individual protectiveequipment and the effects of heat stress.

CBR PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ANDCLOTHING

Personnel protective equipment used in chemicalwarfare (CW)/biological warfare (BW) defenseincludes masks, clothing, decontamination kits, andantidotes for certain chemical agents. Depending onyour duty station and actual combat assignment, youmay be issued certain items of this equipment. Knowingthe correct procedures for the use of the equipment isvital. Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Defense,Handbook for Training, S-5080-AA-HKB-010, andNSTM, chapter 470, list detailed procedures for the useand maintenance of CW/BW protective equipment.However, only practice can assure that you execute theprocedures properly.

MOPP LEVELS AND ASSOCIATEDCOUNTERMEASURES

The risk of a CBR threat can be categorized into

four levels of probability:

1. SUSPECTED. An adversary who hasCBR-capable delivery systems within the operations area(OPAREA) presents a suspected threat. Implementationof MOPP-1 countermeasures is indicated.

2. POSSIBLE. The expressed affirmation orassessed political will of an adversary to use CBRwarfare increases the threat potential to a possibleinvolvement in a CBR environment. Implementation ofMOPP-2 countermeasures is indicated.

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Q12. MOPP procedures used to establish levels ofreadiness for a chemical agent attack areflexible.

1. True

2. False

Q13. The command decision to implement eachlevel of MOPP must be the result of a riskassessment.

1. True

2. False

REVIEW QUESTIONS

3. PROBABLE. Statements of intent to employCBR warfare, directed at U.S. forces or allies, changes inpolitical or military posture of an adversary possessingCBR capabilities, or use of CBR warfare within theOPAREA present a chance of probable involvement in aCBR environment. This threat level requires an estimateof the earliest time the CBR environment will beencountered. This estimate must be based on the strikeranges of delivery systems and the time it takes the striketo arrive at the nearest range limits. Implementation ofMOPP-3 countermeasures is indicated.

4. IMMINENT. Confirmation of increased activityinvolving delivery systems, recognized platform attackpatterns, electronic or visual indication of employment ofdelivery systems, or the immediate proximity of knownCBR hazard areas present an imminent danger ofcontamination and/or casualties. Implementation ofMOPP-4 countermeasures is essential.

RISK MANAGEMENT ANDIMPLEMENTATION OF MOPP

The decision to initiate or upgrade the ship’s MOPPbegins with determining the threat level, ship’s mission,and corresponding MOPP-level countermeasures thatprovide the minimum acceptable degree of risk. Anincrease in the threat level does not necessarily justifyimmediate execution of all countermeasures included inthe corresponding MOPP level.

The next step is to determine the time at which thecountermeasures comprising that MOPP level shouldbegin. The time required to take countermeasures mustbe compared to the time remaining until either thethrea t leve l increases or the r i sk becomesunacceptable . Wai t ing too long to s tar tcountermeasures increases the risk to the ship’smission because of the risk to personnel survivability.Alternately, starting countermeasures too early willdegrade the crew’s performance for sustainedoperations in the CBR environment and will ultimatelylimit the ship’s ability to complete the mission. Allcountermeasures must be in effect immediately beforethe ship becomes involved in a CBR environment.

Immediately following the attack, an assessmentof the ship’s involvement in the CBR hazard is requiredto determine which countermeasures should remain ineffect to enhance survivability and sustain operation.Frequent reassessments should be made to identify theearliest practical time(s) to secure the countermeasuresand upgrade crew performance for optimum missioncapability.

MOPP Level-1 (Suspected Threat) Protection

During MOPP level-1 the following actions mustbe taken:

1. Individual protection — Issue the followingindividual protective equipment and medicalsupply items to shipboard personnel andmaintain them at respective battle stations:

• Protective masks (fitted for immediate use)

• Chemical protection

− Protective masks (with new, unopenedcanister)

− Chemical protective overgarments(2 piece)

− Chemical protective overboots

− Chemical protective glove set

− Personnel decontamination kit

• Medical supply items

− Atropine auto-injectors (3)

− Auto-injectors (2)

− Pyridostigmine pretreatment tablets (21)

• Biological protection — Consists of the sameprotective equipment required for chemicalprotection, minus the medical items. Chemicalthreat is assumed to be “worst case,” unlessreliable intelligence indicates otherwise.

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Q14. The risk of a CBR threat can be categorizedinto how many levels of probability?

1. One

2. Two

3. Three

4. Four

Q15. The term MOPP stands for MissionOrganization Protective Plan.

1. True

2. False

REVIEW QUESTIONS

• Radiological protection — Requires themask only (with new, unopened canisters).

2. Collective activities — Review survivalstandards and basic operating standards forCBR environments as described by the ship’sCBR defense bill.

• Verify that personnel are assigned to CBRdefense teams and review required procedures.

• Inventory stowed detection and monitoringequipment, as applicable, for maximumauthorized levels, current shelf life, presence ofall components, and function within normallimits.

• Inventory stowed supplies for personneldecontaminat ion stat ions, shipboarddecontamination teams, and biologicalsampling.

• Inventory stowed water canteens to ensureadequacy of allowance serviceability.

• Replace expired, missing, or consumedequipment, components, and supplies tomaximum authorization levels.

• Set readiness Condition III (wartimesteaming). Set material condition YOKE.

3. Shipboard systems:

• Operationally test collective protectionsystems, where available.

• Test installed detection and monitoringsystems.

MOPP Level-2 (Possible Threat) Protection

During MOPP level-2 the following actions mustbe taken:

1. Individual protection — For all CBR threats,maintain protective mask in carrier and onperson.

2. Collective activities:

• Designate primary and secondary personneldecontamination stations with respectiveweather-deck and internal access/exit routes.

• Pre-position decontamination supplies indecon stations and at respective repair lockers asrequired by the ship’s CBR defense bill.

• Pre-position stowed detection, monitoringequipment, and supplies at locations designatedby the ship’s CBR defense bill.

• Pre-position empty canteens at staging areasas designated by the ship’s CBR defense bill.

• Set material condition ZEBRA (modified).

3. Shipboard systems — Operationally testcountermeasures washdown system. Testshipboard alarms.

MOPP Level-3 (Probable Threat) Protection

During MOPP level-3 the following actions mustbe taken:

1. Individual protection:

• For all CBR threats, install new filter canisterson protective masks; maintain in carrier and onperson.

• Provide wet-weather gear for donning overother protective clothing and equipment for allweather-deck activities.

• Chemical:

− Don chemical protective overgarments(CPOs) (jumper and trousers) with hooddown.

− Don chemical protective overboots.

− Stow personnel decontamination kit inmask carrier.

− Stow chemical protective glove set andmedical supply items in the jumper cargopocket.

− Initiate pyridostigmine pretreatmentregimen.

• Biological:

− Don chemical protective overgarments(jumper and trousers) with hood down.

− Don chemical protective overboots.

− Stow personnel decontamination kit inmask carrier.

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• Radiological:

− Don battle dress.

− Issue individual dosimeters and doseindicators (DT-60, etc.).

2. Collective activities:

• Direct the ship to general quarters (readinessCondition I may be relaxed and readinessCondition II set at CO’s discretion).

• Fill pre-positioned canteens with potablewater.

• Assign personnel to decontamination stationsand assure operability.

• Post CBR detection and monitoring teamsequipped with required instruments and suppliesdesignated by the ship’s CBR defense bill forreadiness Condition I or II.

• Strike below, as appropriate, vulnerableflammable and absorbent weather-deckmaterials.

• Set material condition ZEBRA.

• Limit weather-deck activities to essentialfunctions.

• Post and monitor installed CBR detectionequipment and materials as designated by theship’s CBR defense bill.

3. Shipboard systems — Activate counter-measures washdown system intermittently.Ensure collective protection systems are fullyoperational and access/exit procedures are ineffect.

MOPP Level-4 (Imminent Threat) Protection

During MOPP level-4 the following actions mustbe taken:

1. Individual protection:

• For all CBR threats, don protective mask.

• Chemical/Biological:

− Secure jumper hood over head and aroundmask.

− Don chemical protective glove set.

• Radiological — Don battle dress.

2. Collective activities:

• Direct the ship to general quarters (if notpreviously in effect).

• Implement mandatory water-drinkingregimen.

• Initiate continuous monitoring and operationof detection equipment.

• Set Circle WILLIAM on ventilation systems(except CPS).

• Radiological — Secure sea chests forunderwater nuclear detonations, as directed bythe ship’s CBR defense bill.

• Prepare NBC Warning and Reporting system(NBCWRS) messages for transmission.

• Shipboard systems — Activate counter-measures washdown system to operatecontinuously.

PERSONNEL DECONTAMINATIONSTATIONS

To instruct personnel on entering, exiting, andpersonal cleaning in the CPS decontamination station,we must review the basics of the procedure. If youwork at a command with nuclear facilities, you will betrained in further detail by qualified personnel. For thesituation of nuclear attacks and blasts, review the basicinformation contained in the Basic MilitaryRequirements, NAVEDTRA 14277.

Personnel decontamination stations differsomewhat from ship to ship, but the basic requirementsof the stations are the same. Each decontaminationstation is divided into two parts: (1) a contaminated orunclean section containing a washing area and (2) a

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Q16. Readiness condition III (wartime steaming) isset during what MOPP level?

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

REVIEW QUESTION

clean section. This prevents recontamination ofpersonnel and ship locations. If possible, the uncleanand clean sections have separate access routes orentrances. The decontamination station providesshowers with warm water (if possible); cleansingagents, such as ear syringes and eye bath cups; hair andnail clippers; scissors; surgeon’s hand soap; towels;and brushes. Radiation instruments for monitoringpersonnel and clothing and supplies of clean clothingare on hand at each station.

A decontamination (decon) station should beabout 8 feet by 9 feet. It should have an entrance fromthe outside and an exit into an uncontaminated areanear the showers. If exposed to contamination, youshould use proper decontamination procedures. Do notremove your mask until a monitor tells you it is safe todo so. In general, personnel decontamination does nottake priority over urgent battle requirements, but itshould be accomplished as soon as possible. Thefollowing is a list of decontamination procedures:

1. Remove rain gear and battle dress just outsidethe decon station. Place it in the trash cans, bags, orother storage provided. Now you will be monitored forcontamination. If there is no contamination, go to anuncontaminated space through another route. If there iscontamination, go through the process described inparagraphs 2 through 5 below.

2. Enter the first part of the decon station in pairs.Use the buddy system to do gross decon of masks andgloves with the M258A1 personnel decon kits. Deconboots by immersing them in the 2- by 2- by 6-inch pansfilled with a 9 percent high test hypochlorite (HTH) andwater solution.

3. Move to the second part of the decon stationwhere attendants will cut away your smock and helpremove your trousers and boots. Place the contaminatedclothing in trash bags for disposal.

4. Move to the showers, soap and wash yourentire body thoroughly, and rinse well. Pay specialattention to fingernails, hairy parts of the body, andhidden parts where contamination tends to concentrate.

5. You are now ready to enter the clean part of theship where you will put on new clothing. Before youenter the clean area, a monitor with a long-range radiacwill check to ensure that you no longer carrycontamination. Turn over your DT-60 dosimeter to thismonitor. The monitor will take the readings and enterthem in the log. You will be told if you can remove yourgas mask.

DAMAGE CONTROL PETTY OFFICER

Learning Objectives: Recall the procedures for making

damage control closure log entries. Recall the procedures

for maintaining damage control fittings and equipment.

The safety of the ship and its crew is of utmostimportance in carrying out the command’s mission. Thedamage control organization plays a critical part inensuring this safety function. An essential personassigned the responsibilities to oversee the materialcondition of areas of damage control at the division leveland upward throughout the chain of command is theDamage Control Petty Officer (DCPO). Theseresponsibilities maybe assigned as a Divisional DamageControl Petty Officer (DDCPO) and you should knowthem or a Divisional Damage Control Petty Officer(Duty) when you may have to perform them.

DESIGNATION

A petty officer who has completed his or herpersonnel qualifications standards (PQS) can bedesignated as the DCPO in each work center based ontype commanders (TYCOM) instructions. Divisionofficers nominate DCPOs and duty DCPOs forendorsement by the chain of command. The executiveofficer gives the final approval for nomination,replacement, and rotation of all DCPOs. DCPOsnormally serve for a period of 6 months. They check inwith the fire marshal and damage control assistant(DCA) when first assigned to or relieved from this duty.

RESPONSIBILITIES

Two specific responsibilities of the DCPOs andduty DCPOs are making damage control closure logentries and maintaining damage control fittings andequipment. The following information pertains to theperformance of these duties.

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Q17. Each decontamination station is divided intohow many parts?

1. One

2. Two

3. Three

4. Four

REVIEW QUESTION

Damage Control Closure Log Entries

The closure log is maintained at all times, whetherthe ship is in port or under way. The closure log is usedto show the following:

• The location where the existing materialcondition of readiness has been modified

• The type, number, and classification of thefitting; the name, rate, and division of the person whorequested permission to open or close the fitting

• The date and time the fitting was opened orclosed; the date and time the fitting was returned to itsspecified material condition of readiness setting

• The name and rate/rank of the person grantingpermission

The commanding officer prescribes the limit towhich the DCA or OOD may approve the modificationof a material condition of readiness. Reporting thetemporary closing of a fitting that should be open is justas important as reporting the opening of one thatshould be closed. For example, a ZEBRA watertighthatch that is secured at the time general quarters issounded could seriously interfere with personneltrying to get to their battle stations.

The damage control closure log is normally kept onthe quarterdeck in port, on the bridge at sea, and indamage control central (DCC) during general quarters.However, if your ship has a 24-hour watch in DCC at alltimes, the closure log will be kept there regardless of theship’s location. The closure log is updated when there isa change in the status of a classified closure or fitting. Ifa classified closure is to remain open for several days, itmust be logged open each day. The maximum time aclosure or fitting may be logged open is 24 hours.

Maintaining Damage Control Fittings andEquipment

DCPOs are charged with ensuring that the materialcondition of spaces assigned to them is maintainedaccording to the command’s damage control, firefighting, and defense procedures. In assigned spaces,the DCPO performs the following:

• Conducts daily inspections of spaces for theelimination of fire hazards.

• Assists officers in charge in the inspection ofspaces for cleanliness and preservation and assists in thepreparation of required reports.

• Ensures the preparation and maintenance ofdamage control check-off lists for all spaces under theircognizance.

• Weighs portable CO2 bottles, inspects and testsdamage control and fire-fighting equipment, andprepares, for approval of the officer in charge, allrequired reports based on current instructions andplanned maintenance system (PMS) requirements.

• Ensures all battle lanterns, dog wrenches,spanners, and other damage control equipment in allassigned spaces are in place and in usable condition.

• Ensures all compartments, piping, cables, anddamage control equipment are properly stenciled oridentified by color codes based on NSTM, chapter 079and chapter 505.

• Ensures posting in required spaces of safetyprecautions and operating instructions.

In addition to these duties, the DCPO may becalled upon to perform other actions in regard todamage control and maintenance of spaces that aredirected by the leading petty officer, officer in charge,fire marshal, DCA, and executive officer.

WATCH, QUARTER, AND STATION BILL

As a DCPO, you may be required to update and/orassign personnel to the watch, quarter, and station(WQS) bill. The contents of the WQS bill are describedin the Basic Military Requirements, NAVEDTRA14277. Personnel rely upon the WQS bill for manningsituations for battle, lifeboat assignments, watchstations, and so on. To man certain stations, personnelmust be qualified by means of a sign-off procedureoutlined in the PQS program. Your job is to ensure youhave qualified personnel assigned to each station. TheDCPO, and all second class petty officers and above,must be very familiar with the WQS bill and how toprepare this bill.

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Q18. The closure log is maintained at all times.

1. True

2. False

REVIEW QUESTIONS

SUMMARY

The Navy has gone to great expense to train peoplelike you to safely operate and maintain its ships.Without you and your shipmates, we would not have aNavy. In this chapter, you have been given informationabout personnel safety. Safety is not automatic; youmust practice it constantly. The Navy still has injuries,but they are less frequent than in the past because crewmembers now practice good safety habits.

One of the items stressed in this chapter is thetag-out system. Without it, there would be a greatincrease in injuries and deaths. It is a working systemthat, when correctly used, saves many lives.

In this chapter you have been made aware that theNavy uses many HAZMATS especially cleaningsolvents that may be toxic and highly flammable. As apetty officer, you must be familiar with all safetyprecautions dealing with HAZMATS and know theprocedures for their handling, storage, transportation,and disposal. You must know how to inspect containersfor leaks and when to reject them if they are damaged.The responsibilities are great; but as a leader and asupervisor, you must get the job done in a safe manner.

The responsibilities of the duty DCPO are bothnumerous and important. Training your divisionpersonnel in damage control, fire fighting, egress, andCBR defense could save their lives during a crisissituation. You must ensure that the material conditionof your spaces is properly set and that fire-fighting anddamage control equipment are in excellent condition.These precautions will provide your division with afighting chance in the event of a fire or CBR attack.Knowing the procedures for decontamination stationsis part of CBR and for those who work around nuclearfacilities.

Damage control is an integral part of the safety ofpersonnel and equipment. As a DCPO your job will bethe safety of the ship during different conditions. Theclosure log must be maintained. The DCPO also hasthe responsibility to maintain fittings and equipment toensure the material condition of readiness of thecommand. The WQS bill provides personnel with their

battle stations, lifeboat assignments, and watchstations. The whole command is set up as a supportingorganization to ensure all aspects of safety in everydivision and department.

We are a safety-conscious Navy and will be thatway as long as we have personnel like you workingaboard our ships. Never let down in your effort topractice safety whether on or off ship. Because you arevaluable to the Navy and your loved ones, we want youto be as safe as possible.

REFERENCES

Basic Military Requirements, NAVEDTRA 14277,Naval Education and Training ProfessionalDevelopment and Technology Center, Pensacola,FL, 1999.

Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH)Program Manual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST5100.19, Chief of Naval Operations, Washington,DC, 2000.

Naval Safety Supervisor, NAVEDTRA 14167, NavalEducation and Training Program ManagementSupport Activity, Pensacola , FL, 1993.

Naval Ships’Technical Manual, Chapter 079, “DamageControl, Practical Damage Control,” Naval SeaSystems Command, Washington, DC, 1998.

Naval Ships’ Technical Manual, Chapter 631,“Preservation of Ships in Service (SurfacePreparation and Painting),” Naval Sea SystemsCommand, Washington, DC, 1986.

Naval Ships’ Technical Manual, Chapter 670,“Stowage, Handling, and Disposal of HazardousGeneral Use Consumables,” Naval Sea SystemsCommand, Washington, DC, 1987.

Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S.Navy, OPNAVINST 3l20.32C, Chief of NavalOperations, Washington, DC, 1994.

United States Navy CBR-Defense/United States MarineCorps NBC Defense Handbook , OPNAVP-86-1-95, Chief of Naval Operations, Washington,DC, 1995.

United States Navy Chemical, Biological, andRadiological Defense Handbook for Training,NAVSEA S-5080-AA-HBK-010, Naval SeaSystems Command, Washington, DC, 1985.

United States Navy Regulations, Department of theNavy, Washington, DC, 1990.

6-17

Q19. DCPOs are responsible for maintainingdamage control fittings and equipment.

1. True

2. False

REVIEW ANSWERS

A1. (1) True. The objective of any safety programis to improve operational readiness byreducing personnel deaths and injuries and bydecreasing material loss and damage.

A2. (3) The division safety petty officer isresponsible for conducting assigned divisionmishap prevention training and maintainingappropriate records.

A3. (3) On the command level, the safety councilconvenes monthly to developrecommendations for policy on safety mattersand to analyze progress of the overall safetyprogram.

A4. (4) You can promote safety through the use ofposters, periodic safety patrols or inspections,and through the use of warning and cautionsigns.

A5. (1) True. The number of tag-out logs requireddepends on the ship size. For instance, largerships may require a separate log for eachdepartment while a minesweeper may onlyrequire one tag-out log for the whole ship.

A6. (2) After the tags have been cleared and therecord sheet is properly filled out for theremoval of the tags, place the sheet in theback of the tag-out log in the cleared sectionfor destruction at a later time.

A7. (3) The Hazard Communication Standard waspassed to ensure the safety of every civilianand military employee of the federalgovernment.

A8. (2) False. As a supervisor you are responsiblefor the welfare and safety of your personnel.When handling HAZMAT, protective clothingand equipment must be used and maintained.

A9. (4) Check the labels on all containers. Indealing with the hazards involved in solvents,you should always follow all safetyprecautions that pertain to hazardous material.

A10. (2) False. Most solvents are toxic, and with afew exceptions, are flammable.

A11. (1) True. Absorbents used in cleaning,applying, or packing HAZMATS should betreated using the same precautions followedfor the hazardous material they absorbed.

A12. (1) True. MOPP procedures allow the CO toadapt the requirements for protective clothingand equipment to the degree of the threat andworking conditions at any given time.

A13. (1) True. Risk is the assessed differencebetween the threat level and the activation ofappropriate levels of shipboardcountermeasures.

A14. (4) There are four MOPP levels ofprobability.

A15. (2) False. MOPP stands for Mission OrientedProtective Posture.

A16. (1) A collective activity during MOPP level 1is to set readiness condition III.

A17. (2) Each decontamination station is dividedinto two parts: (1) a contaminated or uncleansection and (2) a clean section.

A18. (1) True. The closure log is maintained at alltimes, whether the ship is in port or underway.

A19. (1) True. DCPOs are charged with ensuringthat the material condition of spaces assignedto them is maintained according to thecommand’s damage control, fire fighting, anddefense procedures.

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