Chapter 7: Kinetic Molecular Theory

7.1 States of Matter

Matter: anything with ______ and _________

Mass: quantity of _____that a substance or object contains (g or kg)

Volume: amount of _________taken up by a substance (mL, L, or cm3)

Three States of Matter

Solid – _________volume and shape

Liquid – _________volume and _________shape

Gas – _________volume and shape Particle Model of Matter

1) All matter is made up of very small _________

2) There are _________between the particles

3) The particles in matter are always _________

4) The particles are ____________to one another Kinetic Molecular Theory

• explains what happens to matter when the kinetic _________ of

particles _______ * Kinetic Energy is the energy of _________

1) All matter is made up of _______ particles

2) There is empty _________ between the particles

3) Particles are constantly moving. The particles are _________ with each other and the _________ of their container.

4) _______ makes particles move. The more energy the particles have, the ______ they can move and the ______ apart they get.

SOLIDS: particles are tightly _________; particles cannot _________ around freely, _________ in place

LIQUIDS: particles are slightly _________ apart; particles can ________ by each other

GASES: particles are further _________ and _________ quickly; particles can move _________

Thermal Expansion and Contraction

• When ___________ increases, _________ energy increases

• Particles move _________ and over a _________ region requiring

more _________ between particles

• Substance “_________” – increasing in _________

• When temperature _________, kinetic _________ decreases

• Particles ____________ and take up less _________

• Substance “___________” – decreasing in _________

Temperature vs. Heat

_________ Energy: total energy of all the _________ in a substance

Heat: the _________ of thermal energy from a ________material to a _________ one

Temperature: _____________ kinetic energy of the particles

Change of State

•Melting point is the temperature at which _________ turns to _______.

•Boiling point is the temperature at which _________ turns into ______.

7.2 Fluids and Density

Fluid: matter than can _________ (liquids or gases – not _________!)

Density: _______ of a given _______ (how closely _________particles are)

• Most substances are more dense in _______form than ________

form…except _________

• Water molecules move slightly _______ when they lock into place as

ice crystals

• This is why ice ________ on water

Layering and Measuring Density

• Less dense material _________ on top of more dense material

• If an object: -­‐ floats in a fluid – ________ dense

-­‐ hovers in place – ________ density

-­‐ sinks in a fluid – ________ dense

Measuring volume:

Use a ________ for regularly shaped objects

Volume = length x width x height (measured in cm3)

Using Displacement for irregularly shaped objects

-­‐ _________ object in a fluid and measure the

change of _________ in the fluid

-­‐ the volume of the object is the same as the

_________ in fluid volume

Calculating Density:

Sample Problems.

1) A 5 mL sample of motor oil has a mass of 4.5 g. What is the density of the motor oil?

2) A carver begins work on a block of granite that measures 20 cm by 10 cm by 5 cm. If the block of granite has a mass of 2700g, what is the density of the granite?

3) Aluminum has a density of 2.7 g/cm3. What is the mass of a 15 cm 3 block of aluminum?

4) Table salt has a density of 2.16 g/mL. How many millilitres of salt would you have in a 500 g package?