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Regional Commonalities Georgia colony had much in common with
other colonies: Most colonists from England, so they
shared common language and culture; All colonies expected to provide England
with raw materials and purchase finished products from England.
Regional Differences:New England Colonies Short growing season, farms for family
use. Few slaves were house slaves. Fishing industry and sea trade led to
shipbuilding. Also home to skilled blacksmiths, coopes,
sliversmiths and furniture makers. Most towns small, but large cities like
Boston. Most areas very religious. School laws in place by 1671.
Middle Atlantic Colonies Most diverse in terms of people, religion,
and economy. Lots of farmland allowed for selling of
surplus crops, led to more slavery. Rich mineral deposits lead to development
of mining. Abundant forests provided wood for
shipbuilding and wagons. No requirements for education.
Southern Colonies Warm climate created strong agricultural
economy. Plantations produced high-demand cash
crops in large quantities (tobacco, rice, indigo and cotton). Crops grown in different areas, according to geography.
Slaves used for much labor. Few public schools; most wealthy families had tutors.
Life in Georgia Unusual animals to Europeans: alligators,
cougars, opossums, buffalo, raccoons, rattlesnakes.
Communities far apart; had agrarian cultures. People began to adapt.
More immigration from other countries meant more religions.
The Ebenezer Community German immigrants from Salzburg
(Salburgers) came as Lutheran Protestants. Trustees raised the funds.
Settled 25 miles north of Savannah in settlement called Ebenezer. Conditions too bad for farming – moved closer to Savannah.
Became prosperous with silk and cotton trade. After learning English, more accepted as true Georgians.
Africans Come to America Juan Canaries was freed black crew
member on Columbus’s ship. Africans lived in Spain 700 years when Islamic forces had slaves traded by African rulers.
Slavery different in all parts of the world. In Spain slaves could buy freedom or travel to New World with “owners”.
Slaves often on explorations of New World
Africans in Georgia Ayllon brought slaves who revolted and
lived with Guale Indians. Some Africans trained as soldiers to help
staff Spain’s garrisons. Slaves in British colonies encouraged to
escape to Florida for freedom and land (had to convert to Catholicism)
Black Militia near St. Augustine created Fort Mose.
Slavery in the Colonies Slavery began in 1619 in Virginia as a
trade for goods needed for a ship. They were Christianized, so they became
servants. 1640 a Virginia judge sentenced an
indentured African servant to slavery for life for running away. Indentured servants had to pay for passage for 4 to 7 years.
Slavery in the Colonies In 1662 Virginia law gave African babies
same status as the mother (free or slave) In 1705 Virginia law made slaves property
and part of inheritance by family. Indentured servants refused to work in
fields. Slaves used because they didn’t have to be replaced and could be identified if they ran away.
Slavery in the Colonies In 1672 England chartered the Royal
African Company to bring slaves from Africa to colonies in North America and West Indies. English goods traded to Africa.
Slaves sent to Caribbean to work on sugar plantations. Sugar and molasses traded to colonies to be sold for other goods.
Slavery in the Colonies Slave traders took rum to Africa to get
slaves to be sold in colonies. Triangular trade – slaves bought with rum
were then sold for sugar and molasses, which were used to make more rum.
In 1700s most slaves sent to Brazil, Mexico and West Indies.
In 1800s 20 million slaves shipped to Americas.
Slavery in Georgia JO opposed slavery in Georgia, but group
called “Malcontents” petitioned the trustees for slaves.
Argued that climate more suited for slavery and needed for more production.
Scots at Darien and Salzburgers refused to use slaves.
Slaves “sneaked in” to Savannah and trustees gave in. By 1773, 15,000 slaves were in Georgia.
Slave Codes Slave codes used to govern slave behavior Children were property of owners (not
parents) Slaves couldn’t travel w/o ticket with
signature. Punishment was whipping on bare back (about 20 lashes)
If a slave struck a white person, punishment was severe (not life or limb)
Slave Codes
2nd time slave struck white person was death.
White farmers caught working slaves on Sundays were fined 10 shillings
Anyone caught teaching a slave to read or write forfeited 20 pounds.
Georgia Society and Culture Although JO and trustees wanted
“common class”, wealthy plantation owners and slaves made up higher and lower classes.
Savannah prospered – servants and slaves allowed colonists to become skilled workers and professionals.
Women and Blacks had little opportunity to be independent.
Savannah Society Wealthy rice planters and shipping
merchants were top of the class. Land owners were second Skilled professionals were third Wealthy celebrated life with parties, clubs
and ceremonies. Taverns were social gatherings to share
news; first newspaper published in 1763.
Life in the Backcountry Frontier area beyond Savannah. Augusta built as station for Indian traders on their
way to Creek and Cherokee country. Backcountry people were rowdy, rugged and
simple. They didn’t like government to tell them what to do.
Hard work major part of life, including celebrations (corn shuckings, barn raising and quilting bees).
Education in Colonial Georgia Most children taught by parents. Boys
learned a trade and girls learned how to manage a household.
Few schools existed, mostly taught by clergy, so religion was taught in school.
Wealthy children had private tutors, most poor children never went to school.
Religion Trustees made sure hundreds of Bibles and
prayer books came to colonies. All religious groups (except Catholics) invited to
settle in Georgia (changed after American Revolution.
One of first physicians in Savannah was a Jewish immigrant.
Church of England became official church and people were taxed, but they could attend any church they wanted to attend.