The Maryland Colony was founded by the Calverts

Wealthy Land owners Catholics Wanted a refuge for Catholics Wanted to make money

George Calvert: Lord Baltimore› Died before the charter was granted

Cecilus Calvert: new Lord BaltimoreHe called the new colony MarylandChose his brother Leonard to be governor

The Calverts planned for the colony and learned from their Jamestown experience.

1633: Sent first group of colonists to the colony.

Most of the colonists were indentured servants and Catholic

Fertile SoilMild Climate

Tobacco grew well along the Coastal

Plain

Farms/PlantationsFarms were owned by most colonist or former indentured servants… hard work

PlantationsOwned by very few, but made them wealthy

Indentured ServantsAfter their servitude was complete the government gave them land, clothes, tools, and barrels of corn.

Maryland

Chesapeake Bay

In 1633 King Charles II (England’s New King) granted a charter for a new colony called Carolina.

Lords Propietors8 English Lords were placed in charge of the colony.They adopted a written constitution giving land to free white male colonistsThe constitution gave some powers to the clonists and most to the Lord Proprietors and the King.

Lord Proprietors and King Charles II

Colonists (Free white males)

Choose most leaders Choose some leaders

Choose most laws Make some laws

Taxes

Land

Carolina too hard to govern: Causes: Effect:

•Too large Split the colony into•Colonists didn’t follow laws they didn’t like North Carolina & • Land was very different South Carolina

North Carolina Land: Hilly, grew tobacco and corn

South CarolinaLand: Too wet, Africans brought knowledge of the rice crop

England, France, and Spain all claimed the land that was south of the Carolina colonies. King George II knew he needed to send colonists to defend the land.

James Oglethorpe, a wealthy leader in England, suggested sending people that were in England in prison for debts. This would give these people a second chance as well.

They called the new colony (The last of the 13) Georgia , after the king.

In the beginning Georgia didn’t allow slavery so most were all small farms. In 1751 slavery was allowed and the enslaved Africans and the plantations caused the economy to grow.

Georgia Video clip

•Most people lived along the Coastal Plain.

•Blocking the way past the Coastal Plain were the Blue Ridge Mountains.

•The country behind the mountains and Coastal Plains was called “The Backcountry”.

•Settlers followed a Native American trail over the mountains using covered wagons to bring their household goods.

More than any other man, Daniel Boone was responsible for the exploration and settlement of Kentucky. His grandfather came from England to America in 1717. His father was a weaver and blacksmith, and he raised livestock in the country near Reading, Pennsylvania. Daniel was born there on November 2, 1734. If Daniel Boone was destined to become a man of the wild, an explorer of unmapped spaces, his boyhood was the perfect preparation. He came to know the friendly Indians in the forests, and early he was marking the habits of wild things and bringing them down with a crude whittled spear. When he was twelve his father gave him a rifle, and his career as a huntsman began.

When he was fifteen, the family moved to the Yadkin Valley in North Carolina, a trek that took over a year. At nineteen or twenty he left his family home with a military expedition in the French and Indian War. There he met John Finley, a hunter who had seen some of the western wilds, who told him stories that set him dreaming. But Boone was not quite ready to pursue the explorer's life. Back home on his father's farm he began courting a neighbor's daughter, Rebecca Bryan, and soon they were married.

In 1767 Boone traveled into the edge of Kentucky and camped for the winter at Salt Spring near Prestonsburg. But the least explored parts were still farther west, beyond the Cumberlands, and John Finley persuaded him to go on a great adventure.

On May 1, 1769, Boone, Finley, and four other men, started out. They passed Cumberland Gap and on the 7th of June, they set up camp at Station Camp creek. It was nearly two years before Boone returned home, and during that time he explored Kentucky as far west as the Falls of the Ohio, where Louisville is now. There was another visit to Kentucky in 1773, and in 1774 he built a cabin at Harrodsburg. On this trip, Boone followed the Kentucky River to its mouth.

•Thousands of Native Americans lived on the land the colonists were settling. •Cherokee, Creek, and Powhatan, and other tribes.

Tuscarora WarIn North Carolina, for example, German and Swiss settlers destroyed the Tuscarora village to build a new settlement. Some colonists believed that the remaining Native Americans were not treated justly, either. One settler said that the other colonists had, “cheated these Indians in trading, and would not allow them to hunt near their plantations. . . .”In 1711, their land losses caused the Tuscarora to attack several settlements. The Tuscarora hoped to scare off the settlers, but their attacks led to the Tuscarora War. When the war finally ended in 1713, about 950 Tuscarora had been either killed or captured and sold into slavery.Settlers in the Southern Colonies kept pushing Native Americans off their lands. Some were captured and sent to the West Indies to work on sugarcane plantations. Others died fighting the colonists over land or trade. Even peaceful Native American groups died in large numbers from European diseases such as smallpox and measles.

Africans were captured, enslaved and sold to plantations in North America, South America, and the Caribbean. The slaves were used for work on the plantations and homes.

First Africans most likely went to Virginia› 1st they used indentured servants then

more workers were needed› Colonial governments made slavery illegal› By the mid-1700’s slavery was legal in

every colony› Children belonging to slaves were also

considered property or slaves› Families were often broke apart and sold to

different owners

How slaves were treated depended on their owners

Many were beaten and abused Very difficult to escape, but they

continued trying Punishment for rebellion was harsh. Kept culture alive by telling stories and

singing songs

The Plantation owners of the Southern Colonies were very wealthy from growing the cash crops

The plantation owners did not work with the enslaved workers.

An overseer watched and supervised the enslaved workers

No slaves were allowed to learn to read or write

Many plantations were like small towns that contained many buildings

The plantation owners lived away from all of the workers

Children were taught by private tutors

Could be owned by former indentured servants

If they had enslaved workers they would work with them, but they were not treated equally

Sometimes free Africans lived and worked on their own farms

Traveled for miles to reach a church for religion and social needs

Few were able to buy their freedom Many attempted to escape Would have to hide and walk for miles If they were caught, they were

returned to their owners Some found refuge with Native

American tribes like the Seminole Fort Mose: First free African settlement

in Florida

Cash Crops› Tobacco› Rice

Tobacco could only be grown for 7 years and then the soil was depleted, so the farmers had to move on and clear more land

Some areas couldn’t grow tobacco because it was too moist, so they grew rice

Dry land was used for growing indigo, which was used for dying cloth

http://www.harcourtschool.com/ss1/Grade5/g5_mapdifscales.html

http://www.harcourtschool.com/ss1/Grade5/interactives/gr5_unit3.html

Interdependence: Depending on one another for economic resources

Exporting Goods› Plantations sold cash crops› Sold to brokers so they could buy what the

plantations wanted or needed, but couldn’t produce

› Plantations near a waterway to ship goods were the most successful

Cities grew and became large shipping ports due to import/export› Baltimore, Maryland› Savannah, Georgia› Norfolk, Virginia

In Baltimore they created the Baltimore Clipper: fast ship for exporting goods

Other industries grew as well› Forest goods, ship building & repairing