MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
MINISTRY OF
CONSTRUCTION
HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE
NGUYEN SONG HOAN NGUYEN
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE
EXPLOITATION IN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
IN BIG CITIES IN VIETNAM
Major: Architecture
Code: 62.58.01.02
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS OF ARCHITECTURE
Ho Chi Minh City - 2016
The work is completed in:
HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE
Science instructor
1. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. LE THANH SON
2. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. TRINH DUY ANH
Opponent 1:
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. TON THAT ĐAI
Opponent 2:
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. NGUYEN QUOC THONG
Opponent 3:
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. PHAM ANH DUNG
The thesis is protected in front of the University-level Thesis
Examination Board in: HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF
ARCHITECTURE
At…… ……..on……………..
The thesis can be investigated in the library:
HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE &
HO CHI MINH CITY GENERAL SCIENCE LIBRARY.
1
PREAMBLE
1. The reason for the research
The current exploitation of the traditional culture (TC) in the
residential architecture (RA) in the big cities in Vietnam faces many
choices on both theory and practice aspects. It is because of the
appearance of many new elements that have been unprecedented in the
traditional houses.
From the actual residential architecture development, applicable
theoretical basis is necessary to orient the traditional development for
higher efficiency, and promote the role of technology and creativity,
which is suitable with using demand, and maintain the ability to identify
ethnicity. The current researches and suggestions often select the
characteristics of the culture and the architecture to exploit but they have
not approached from the systemic relationships between them, resulting
in the subjective and emotional judgment. As a result, with the system
approach, the exploitation from the selection to the introduction of the
traditional culture value application model in the urban residential
architecture in Vietnam has never been researched before, and this is also
the reason for the research topic of the thesis.
2. The object and scope of the research
- The object of the research is the relationship between the
traditional culture and the urban residential architecture, including 2
components as function & form. Through this relationship analysis, the
typical values will be selected, and the application model will be built in
the current urban residential architecture.
- The Scope of the research: limit to the traditional culture of the
Vietnamese (Kinh) in the big cities such as Hanoi, Da Nang, Ho Chi
Minh City…
2
3. The aim of the research
- Group up the traditional culture value system and identify its
manifestation in the current residential architecture in the big cities in
Vietnam;
- Analyze the relationship between the traditional culture value and
the function and form, thereby select the values with high impact to
continue the inheritance;
- Build the model and method to exploit the traditional culture value
selected in the residential architecture in the big cities in Vietnam.
4. Related researches and remaining issues
The thesis briefly introduces 10 research topics relating to the
traditional culture exploitation in the current architecture and the urban
residential architecture, which shows the existing issues as follows:
- The systematic: the relationship between the traditional culture and
the residential architecture is determined in a quite diversified way on
both tangible and intangible aspects, corresponding to function and form
components; however, the values are often separated to be considered
without approach to the traditional culture value system.
- The interdisciplinary: the research on the role and impact of the
traditional culture in the urban residential architecture in Vietnam can be
considered to be an interdisciplinary research that requires manipulating
the definition, theories relating to the culturology, architecture,
psychology, aesthetics, and semiotics.
5. Research method
- Method of history
- Method of structural system
- Method of theory analysis and summary
- Method of modeling
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CHAPTER I
THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN RESIDENTIAL
ARCHITECTURE IN VIETNAM
1.1 The cultural value in traditional architecture of Vietnam
Traditional Culture is the system of values selected from the past,
always moves and changes, and has potential strength dominating many
human operation areas in the current society. It includes architecture and
other forms of art. Value system of traditional culture is diversified and
relative, and is united in some typical values but it is not duplicated in
some other values, which depends on the research perspective of each
author.
The determination of the cultural value system in the traditional
architecture and the residential architecture of Vietnam is isolated to 2
tendencies that show the duality of the culture as the display values and
the non-display values. While the opinions that give prominence to the
display values as the national character exist, the contrary opinions that
support the non-display values also appear. Due to this inconsistency, the
thesis establishes the basis from the harmony of the 2 opinions above,
which means the display values and the non-display values are both
selected for the research contents.
When many authors investigate the traditional residential
architecture of the Vietnamese in the Northern region, Central region and
Southern region, they conclude the typical values but different opinions
also exist. Thus, this thesis uses methods of collection and inference to
select 10 typical values: harmony with nature, flexibility/versatile,
community, private ownership, profitability, hospitality, Vietnamese
family tradition, worship culture, fengshui, the signifier.
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1.2 Manifestation of the cultural value in the traditional residential
architecture in Vietnam
Each cultural value impacting the traditional rural residential
architecture causes the specific manifestation in both function and form
elements.
On function aspect: the harmony with nature creates the
residential space organically connected to the surrounding natural
environment, scattered layout and uses the sunshade porch; the
flexibility/versatile promotes the development of the open space structure,
general using functions; the private ownership is shown through fence
and gate boundary, regulating private using scope of each family; the
Vietnamese family tradition forms ancestor worship space and family
member reunion space, distributed in a diversified way in accordance
with many activity forms; the community, hospitality are recognized in
the spacious communication space, focused in the middle space of the
main house and outwards; the worship culture establishes many worship
areas in the house (ancestor worship, god worship); the profitability
alternate between production, profession space with residential space; the
fengshui orients the house in accordance with the wind direction, the odd
house rooms, the gate direction deflective to the main house or with
shielding screen.
On form aspect: the house is impacted by the signifier including 3
elements
- The traditional technique: represented by the method of using
natural materials and craft production; dynamic, movable structure
(column frame, buck ban door, wattle…);
- The visual art: uses carved decorations with natural colors,
rhyme, symmetry/balance, harmonic ratio, geometry, horizontal
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combination;
- Method of harmony to the nature: natural ventilation; sunshade
porch and roof reaching beyond the walls; indirect light source, rain
splash prevention; creating shade area on the house; humidity resistance
Analysis of the cultural value conversion in the traditional
urban residential architecture (the first segment – the special phase
shift) shows the enhancement or decentralization of the values’
manifestation.
On function aspect: the harmony with nature changes from active
to passive, adapting by courtyard form and buffer space (porch/loggia);
the flexibility/versatile increases the coordination of the living space; the
profitability changes to trading and production space in front of the
house; the Vietnamese family tradition continues to maintain ancestor
worship and reunion spaces; the community, hospitality narrow the
activity scope; the private ownership is shown in the private owned
boundaries of the house; the worship culture flexibly organizes the
worship space in accordance with the functional areas; the fengshui’s
manifestation is reduced.
On form aspect: continues to maintain the method of using the
natural materials and the mobile structures (traditional technique);
however, the house has multi-storey structure so redundant and
decorative elements are reduced. Most rural house shaping rules are
manipulated (shaping art) with climate adaptation measures but they are
changed to be suitable with the new form.
1.3 Manifestation of the traditional culture value in the current
residential structure in the big cities in Vietnam
On basis of characteristics of the function space and form of the
traditional residential architecture to analyze the manifestation in the
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current urban house: the traditional culture value continues to change to
satisfy the demand of the new era and maintain the tradition and
indigeneity. This is the second segment – the phase shift on the time and
is also the strong conversion stage of the traditional culture. In the
function element, the urban houses are clearly divided in accordance with
the demand levels from the basic level to maintain the living activity to
the higher development levels, directing to the convenience and the
personal requirements. The expression demand structure is changed with
the process of widening the functional space of the typical forms of
houses as row-houses, apartments and villas. The participation and
intervention of the traditional culture is relevant to this process by 2
tendencies as enhancement or decentralization, depending on the
characteristics of each value. In the form element, due to the strong
impact of the technology and the personal creativity, the method of house
shaping is changed considerably, except the inconsistent factors, and
tends to inherit the aesthetic rules or the method to adapt the climate
conditions;
The summary of the manifestation of the traditional culture value
in the row-houses, apartments and villas shows that the harmony with
nature, the flexibility/versatile, the private ownership, the community
and the Vietnamese family tradition tend to increase the impact on the
function element, and they are converted to satisfy the higher demands
unprecedented in the traditional houses. On the form aspect, the
traditional shaping method is converted in spirit of the creativity and the
advanced construction technology application. As a result, the houses
tend to inherit the aesthetic principles and rules such as: geometry,
harmony, symmetry, rhyme, mobility, climate adaptation.
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CHAPTER II
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TRADITIONAL
CULTURE VALUE AND THE RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
IN THE BIG CITIES IN VIETNAM
2.1. The relationship between the traditional culture values in the
urban residential architecture
The system approach in the traditional culture research is
considered to be the dynamic and comprehensive approach, establishes
the relationship between the value elements in accordance with the
hierarchical structure, can be measured by mathematical formula to
build the value scales. In addition, the traditional culture value system is
considered to be an open system, characterized by the continuous
interaction and changes. Among many system approaches, the thesis
chooses the analysis and model building approach. Analysis approach
minimizes the basic elements of the system (including 10 cultural values)
in order to carry out detailed research and investigate its types of
relationships. This approach helps to analyze the structure and the
interaction of the values. Model building is the consolidation of the
values to consider the act of the system as a whole.
Structure of the traditional culture value system is shown through
the order (culture value scale) and the interaction between the values. 2
ways to approach to the value scale of each form of house are qualitative
(interpolate) and quantitative (extrapolate) ways. The interactions are
also divided to 2 contents: endogenous interaction (between the culture
values – endogenous) and exogenous interaction (between the culture
values and function and form of the residential architecture – exogenous).
The summary of the endogenous and exogenous results is the importance
8
basis to detect the ability to maintain the stability or fluctuation of the
traditional culture in process of the house model conversion. The values
kept in the high stability level will be the main selected objects to build
the traditional culture exploitation model.
Considering the endogenous relationships between the traditional
culture values by the qualitative method can establish the value scales in
accordance with the increase and decrease shown in each house model;
comparing these value scales helps to identify the varying trends of each
value; therefrom the general traditional culture value scale for forms of
urban houses is suggested. The quantitative method develops the analysis
of the relationships between the values in accordance with the models,
showing the connection ability through similarities and differences. These
abilities’ summary can build the traditional culture value scale.
Combining 2 value scales in accordance with the qualitative and
qualitative methods results in suggestion of the general traditional
culture value scale in the current residential architecture in the big
cities in Vietnam (argument 1) – [table 2.6].
TABLE 2.6 - [ARGUMENT 2]: the general traditional culture value scale in the current residential architecture in the big cities in Vietnam
(combining the qualitative and quantitative methods)
Order on value
scale The traditional culture value
Priority 1 The flexibility/versatile Group I Stability
Priority 2 The harmony with nature
Priority 3 The private ownership
Group II Fluctuation Priority 4 The Vietnamese family tradition
Priority 5 The community
Priority 6 The signifier
The method of comparing the opinions of the world architecture
theory shows the similarities of the traditional culture values; in which the
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Neo-vernacular Architecture and the Cultural Symbiosis Theory,
Phenomenology, Place, Semiotics have many close opinions with the
exploitation of the traditional culture in the current urban residential
architecture in Vietnam.
2.2. The relationship between the traditional culture value and the
function space in the urban residential architecture in Vietnam
Considering the exogenous relationship between the traditional
culture value and the urban house function shows that: the interaction
model building helps to select the values and appoints the architecture
components to be exploited. The interaction index summary leads to the
traditional culture value scale in the function element (argument 2). In
addition, it establishes the space area more likely to transfer the
traditional culture.
Table 2.10 - [Suggestion 3]: The Traditional Culture Value Scale On
The Function Aspect In The Current Residential Architecture
Order on value scale The traditional culture value scale on the
function aspect
Stability Priority 1 The harmony with nature
Priority 2 The flexibility/versatile
Fluctuation
Priority 3 The vietnamese family tradition
Priority 4 The community
Priority 5 The private ownership
The nature of human demand is decentralized, is established from
the basic level and increases in accordance with the development status.
This characteristic is described by Maslow in the theory of Demand
Tower and rephrased by many authors in different research areas. The
traditional culture is the object of human demand and is decentralized,
institutionalized in the value scales; thus, the division principle of the
theory above can be used to build the traditional culture scale in
accordance with the human demand (The traditional culture value
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tower) [figure 2.8]. This value scale is absolutely independent to the
value scale in accordance with endogenous and exogenous interactions,
and is determined on basis of the general theory basis generally
recognized (argument 3).
Figure 2.8: “The traditional culture value tower” in the urban
residential architecture
The function space in the residential architecture is also a
decentralized object that is enhanced and developed with the human
demand and establishes the convenient quality house forms from basic to
high-grade. As a result, the thesis continues to use the theory of Maslow
to divide the structure of the groups of the function space, and express the
important and necessary level in accordance with the development level,
building the model of “Function Tower” in the urban residential
architecture (argument 4) – [Figure 2.7].
Combining 4 arguments above shows that the traditional culture
value, the house function and the human demand have the
decentralization originated from the human; as a result, they have relevant
relationship with each other and possibly establish the same structure
model with order expressed from low to high. This collects adequate
basis to infer that in the urban residential architecture, the following rule
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development process will occur: any demand will have relevant function
and culture.
2.3. The relationship between the traditional culture value and the
form of the urban residential architecture in Vietnam
The approach to Aesthetics and Architectural Aesthetics shows
that the traditional residential architecture form is the aesthetic object that
expresses the unification between the objective shaping rule and the
subjective implication of the human; thus it possibly contributes to the
current urban residential architecture form in Vietnam 3 roles: to build the
traditional aesthetic rule, to transfer the awareness morphology of the
Vietnamese, to build the traditional aesthetic principle [figure 2.10].
The approach to the Semiotics opinion identifies 3 traditional
aesthetic value conversion mechanisms in the current urban residential
architecture in Vietnam: the original conversion, the partial conversion,
and the corresponding conversion [figure 2.16]. In which, the
corresponding conversion can exploit the advantage of the technology
and creativity, and also inherit the traditional culture value by the
aesthetic principles and rules. This is the selective encryption and
decryption process and the research aim of the thesis.
From the interaction model between the traditional culture value
and the urban residential architecture form element, the necessary objects
are selected to build the exploitation model. These are the elements of the
important group (the typical covering structure, doors, roofs, and
porch/loggia) and 9 traditional aesthetic characteristics (natural
ventilation form, sunshade, shade creation, natural materials, the
symmetry/balance, harmonic ratio, geometry, mobility, rhyme).
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CHAPTER III
THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE MODEL IN THE
RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE BIG CITIES IN
VIETNAM
3.1 The traditional culture value exploitation in the function
element
Theory of Maslow is manipulated to divide the function structure
in accordance with 3 levels (basic – extension – development), expressing
the increasing process of the human demand satisfaction ability in the
residential space [figure 3.2].
Figure 3.2 : “Function Tower” model in accordance with 3 demand levels
Along with that process, the traditional culture value is also
divided to 3 corresponding groups to participate and show the identical
development rule between the culture and the function (the culture
corresponding to the function). With the summation, the reference and
argument of the relationship between the culture value scales in
accordance with the endogenous and exogenous interactions and the
demands, the general model of the traditional culture value in the
function element (theoretical model)–[f3.3] can be built. Coordinating
this model with the Function Tower Model (restructured in accordance
with 3 demand levels) results in the applicable model of the traditional
culture in the urban residential function [f 3.5]. Through the applicable
13
model, the residential space structure will select the culture groups to
participate and develop (the culture conversion function). Thus, the
traditional culture exploitation in the function element is the process of
selecting the values corresponding to the residential space demand
levels.
Each traditional culture value has the conversion in accordance
with 3 different space demand levels. In the basic demand level, the
residential space has 2 main function groups as passive rest and work,
and only 2 culture values participate as the harmony to the nature and the
flexibility/versatile (pre-level). These values are universal and show the
house organization method to be suitable with small area condition (all
general using functions), directing to the balance with the natural
environment passively. Proceeding to the extension demand level, the
house function is structured by 4 official function groups as passive rest,
work, education and external communication; along with the personal
living space shaping. In this condition, 5 traditional culture values
capable of participating and dominating are the harmony with nature, the
flexibility/versatile (pre-level), the community, the Vietnamese family
tradition, the private ownership. Reaching the development demand level,
the houses include 5 function groups, establishing the official existence of
the active rest space with high-grade living convenience, lengthening
from the general using space to private using space. This demand level
has the impact of 5 traditional culture values as the harmony with nature,
the flexibility/versatile (advanced), the community, the Vietnamese family
tradition, the private ownership. The analysis of the intervention of the
culture to the residential space shows that: the higher the function
development level is, the wider the scope of traditional culture value is
exploited. In which, The harmony with nature, the flexibility/versatile
14
reach the highest interaction level in the conversion process; the private
ownership tends to increase with the formation of the personal spaces; the
community expands the participation in the internal living space, and the
Vietnamese family tradition develops the operation area in accordance
with the function group, associated to the physical and mental developing
activities.
3.2 Exploitation of the traditional culture value in the form
element
The traditional aesthetic value exploitation model in the urban
residential architecture form is built on basis of the interaction between 9
aesthetic values (determined in Chapter II) with the shaping components
of the house. Through assessment and comparison of the interaction
index, 2 object groups that are selected can provide high exploitation
efficiency. They are: the culture object – the typical culture group (the
geometry, the symmetry, the rhyme and the harmonic ratio) and the
shaping object – the important structure group (roof, covering structure,
door, and porch/loggia). Besides, this is also considered to be the ideal
exploitation model [figure 3.14] because it fully determines the
intervention ability of the traditional aesthetic value in each constitutive
element; therefrom, it can be the basis to expertise the actual built works
on the traditional culture exploitation level. The selected aesthetic value is
the objective shaping rules related to establishing the subjective aesthetic
principles and results in the traditional culture value, showing the idea
and spirit content of the Vietnamese. The summation of the interaction
indexes of these values creates the order of the traditional aesthetic
principle in the urban residential architecture [figure 3.18]. As a result,
the combination between 3 elements (the aesthetic value, the aesthetic
principle, the traditional culture value) creates decentralized theory frame
15
to orient the exploitation; shows the similarity to the decentralization of
the traditional culture value scale and the demand theory.
Figure 3.18: The traditional aesthetic value conversion and identification
process in the urban residential architecture form in Vietnam
On basis of each model, many exploitation levels can be divided,
represented by the decentralization indexes (gained through the
interaction index assessment). The thesis chooses 2-level division method
to analyze and establish 2 exploitation groups as the limited group and
the typical group – the main exploited object. The analysis of the
combination between the shaping elements in the typical group leads to 7
exploitation statuses [f.3.19] and is also the aim of the traditional culture
exploitation model application in the urban residential architecture form.
3.3 The conversion tendency of the traditional culture value in the
residential architecture in the big cities in Vietnam
In the next phases, the traditional culture value will continue to
change as an indispensable rule of the development process. The dynamic
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conversion of the age elements continuously impacts the traditional
culture value system and makes it change to establish the new traditional
culture systems. The analysis contents of this thesis show the relationship
between the traditional culture value and the urban residential architecture
in Vietnam characterized by the decentralization, which impacts both
function and form. In each aspect, the traditional culture shows the
intervention level through the decentralization order of the value scales.
Thus, from the interaction with the new age elements, the conversion
tendency of the traditional culture value is also the conversion tendency
of the value scales.
With the function, the development of the residential space
structure is the condition for the culture to participate and develop in
accordance with the nature of the demand. The Maslow’s opinion and the
opinion of the world architecture development show that: The harmony
with nature, the flexibility/versatile, the private ownership will continue
to be strongly developed; the community, the Vietnamese family tradition
will be customized in accordance with living style of each object [figure
3.20]. In general, the traditional culture value scale tends to be divided to
2 value scales: the basic demand and extension demand manipulate the
basic traditional culture value scale; the development demand
manipulates the advanced traditional culture value scale.
In the form element, due to the intervention of the technology and
the creativity, the traditional aesthetic principle order tends to change
also. It is the increase of the principles of the harmonic fineness with
nature, the diversified fineness and the decrease of the element fineness.
However, these 3 principles lead the aesthetic principle system and are
similar to the common opinion in the world. The reversal of the aesthetic
principles changes the traditional culture value order and creates the new
17
traditional value scale in the residential architecture in the big cities in
Vietnam [figure 3.21].
3.4 The discussion on the characteristics of the traditional culture
exploitation in the residential architecture in the big cities in
Vietnam
The traditional culture exploitation in accordance with the
value system: the approach to the value system enables general
assessment on the potential and participation tendency of the traditional
culture in the residential architecture in the big cities in Vietnam.
The traditional culture exploitation with the law: on the
function aspect, it is the similar development law; on the form aspect, it is
the order law of the traditional aesthetic principle.
The quantifiable traditional culture exploitation: developed in
accordance with the interaction index between the traditional culture
values and between the traditional culture values and the (function and
form) components of the residential architecture.
The traditional culture exploitation with the active and
passive attributes: passive selection of the culture groups to be
corresponding to the function; passive manipulation of the traditional
aesthetic laws and principles after determining the roles of the modern
materials and techniques, the personal creativity. The active selection of
the typical value and the value scale is applied to enhance the ethnicity on
the function and form aspects
The traditional culture exploitation on basis of referring the
residential architecture development opinion in the world: avoiding the
variation due to the subjective prejudice – the reason leading to the
backwardness of the residential architecture in Vietnam compared with
the world - in the exploitation process.
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The current traditional culture value in the residential
architecture in the big cities in Vietnam is converted to 2 phases: from
rural to traditional urban phase, and from traditional urban to modern
urban phase. In these conversion phases, the cultural value shows the
conversion of the intervention level on the components of the residential
architecture in increasing or decreasing tendency. This shows the
development inheritance or culture rejection in accordance with the
conversion of the house models through the centuries. The access to the
definitions shows that the traditional culture is the 2-grade structure
system (display and non-display) that continuously interact each other
and other external systems during the conversion process to be suitable
with the new existing condition. This can explain the rejection
mechanism stated above and also is the theoretical base for the
identification of the traditional culture impact in the urban architecture in
Vietnam – the research object of the thesis.
2. The important characteristic of the traditional culture system
is the decentralization, displayed by the value scales. The order of these
value scales is established through the endogenous relationship (between
the traditional culture values) and exogenous relationship (between the
traditional culture values and the architecture components). The first
value scale is formed from the rural house; however, when it is converted
to the traditional urban house, the change of the original house conditions
fluctuates the culture value scale for the first time; therefrom we
recognize the weakening of some values and the “durability” of some
other values. In the next conversion phase - the traditional urban to the
modern urban phase, the conditions impacting the residential architecture
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strongly increase and change the traditional culture value scale for the
second time. The house types are developed fast and break the simple and
pure characteristics of the traditional house to form the new living spaces
and new aesthetic form. This phase marks many rejections of the old
traditional values, especially on the shaping aspect. However, the
traditional culture still has great impact on the Vietnamese communities
in the cities, so it is still maintained. The analysis of the manifestation of
the townhouse, villa and apartment form shows 6 values collected to be
the traditional culture value scale/system including: the harmony with
nature, the flexibility/versatile, the private ownership, the community, the
Vietnamese family tradition, the signifier. These are the values selected in
the conversion process and suitable with the current development
condition.
The aim to inherit and develop the traditional values in the urban
residential architecture in Vietnam requires these values above to be
continuously exploited. The thesis develops this aim in accordance with 4
approach bases (system theory, demand theory, semiotics, aesthetics and
architectural aesthetics), and is combined with reference of the
architecture development opinion in the world of 11 theories and 13
authors who won the Pritzker awards in recent years.
3. On the function aspect, the approach to the system theory
enables to establish the relationship between the values by endogenous
and exogenous interactions. In which, the endogenous interaction
(between the culture values) results in the results recommending the
traditional culture value scale in accordance with the qualitative and
quantitative analysis. The exogenous interaction develops the
components of the residential space and the culture value, resulting in the
culture value scale on the function aspect. These two value scale is the
20
dialectical result of the relationships so they contain the subjective
characteristic of the research. Thus, the thesis applies the demand
decentralization theory of Maslow to compare the order of the values in
accordance with the importance and necessity, gradually changing from
the basic to development level, building the traditional culture value
scale in accordance with the human demand – “The traditional culture
value tower”. The use of the summation of 3 value scales above results in
the summary model of the traditional culture value in the function
element (theory model). Besides, the culture and function are originated
from the human demand, so the space structure is divided to 3 levels,
forming the “Function Tower” model. The coordination of 2 models
above creates the application model, expressing the traditional culture
exploitation process, depending on the residential space development
characteristic (culture corresponding to function).
4. The comparison of the correlation between the function and
the culture shows that the impact of the culture value increases and
enhances in accordance with the space demand levels. In the basic
demand level, the residential space has 2 main function groups that are
the passive rest and work, so only 2 culture values as the harmony with
nature and the flexibility/versatile (pre-level). Proceeding to the
extension demand level, the house function is structured by 4 official
function groups as the passive rest, work, education, external
communication; along with the formation of the individual living space.
In this condition, 5 traditional culture values capable of participation and
domination is the harmony with nature, the flexibility/versatile (pre-
level), the community, the Vietnamese family tradition, the private
ownership. Reaching the development demand level, the house has 5
function groups, establishing the official existence of the private using
21
space. In this demand level, the impacts of 5 traditional culture values are
the harmony with nature, the flexibility/versatile (advanced), the
community, the Vietnamese family tradition and the private ownership.
The analysis of the intervention of the culture and the residential space
shows that: the higher the function development level is, the wider the
exploitation scope of the traditional culture value is.
5. The reference to the opinion of the architecture and the
residential architecture in the world shows that the traditional culture
values are divided to 2 groups including: the general tendency group (the
harmony with nature, the flexibility/versatile, the private ownership) and
the native tendency group - the characteristics of the Vietnamese culture
(the community, the Vietnamese family tradition). By this division
method, the general tendency group is inferred to be developed in the
future; the native tendency group is the condition to exploit and identify
the tradition, enhances the intervention of these characteristics, which
means to inherit and develop the traditional culture in the residential
space in the big cities in Vietnam.
With the two development tendencies above, the basic and
extension demand levels can apply the basic traditional culture value
scale; the development demand level applies the advanced traditional
culture value scale. Thus in the next development phases, the traditional
culture value scale in the residential function tends to be divided to 2
different value scales, showing the conversion of the traditional culture to
be suitable with the new existence condition.
6. On the form aspect, the approach to the system theory to
build the interaction model between the traditional aesthetic value and the
structure components (roof, covering structure, door, column frame,
floor) leads to the selection of 9 typical aesthetic values as the geometry,
22
the symmetry, the rhyme, the harmonic ratio, the mobility, the natural
material, the sunshade method, ventilation, shade creation. Besides, the
approach to the aesthetics and architecture aesthetics shows that the
traditional culture can contribute to the urban residential architecture 3
roles: to build the traditional aesthetic, to transmit the awareness
morphology of the Vietnamese, to build the traditional aesthetic principle.
A correlation relationship exists between the aesthetic law - the aesthetic
principle - the awareness morphology; forming the decentralization order
of the aesthetic principle, corresponding to the decentralization order of
the traditional culture value. Thus, the inheritance of the traditional
culture in the form of the urban residential architecture is the conversion
of the aesthetic rules and aesthetic principles (leading to the traditional
culture) and the decentralization order system of these elements. This is
the conversion method suitable with the current development condition;
developing the role of the technology - creativity and avoiding the
replication situation of the old form of house.
The approach to the semiotics shows that the traditional aesthetic
value can be converted in the form of the urban residential architecture in
accordance with 3 mechanism: original conversion, partial conversion,
corresponding conversion (conversion of the aesthetic laws and
principles). In which, the corresponding conversion is proved to be
possibly exploited, maintaining the traditional characteristic with
"incognito" dominance and developing the advance of the technology and
the creativity in the indication aspect.
7. The traditional culture value exploitation model in the urban
architecture form is built on the interaction between the selected aesthetic
value and the shaping elements; therefrom establishes 7 exploitation
statuses, showing the necessary coordination ability between the structure
23
elements to direct to the highest exploitation index. Corresponding to
each status, the manipulation of the traditional aesthetic principle and law
will lead to different exploitation results, gradually changing from the
average exploitation level (enough to identify the tradition, 55%) to the
highest level (ideal level, 100%).
8. The comparison of the architecture and the residential
architecture development opinion in the world shows that the residential
architecture tends to create the forms to adapt the climate conditions,
combined with the natural materials (harmonic fineness with nature);
enhances the flexibility of the structure element (diversified fineness);
highly evaluates the ratio and geometry law (element fineness). These are
the general principles that are similar to the traditional aesthetic principle
and continue to be developed. Besides, the analysis of the relationship
between the traditional aesthetic value and the intervention elements to
the current house shaping (technology, creativity, nature, culture –
society, economics) shows the possibility of appearing the new traditional
aesthetic principle order, showing the conversion rule of the traditional
culture to satisfy the requirements of the age. Thus, the exploitation of the
traditional culture in the urban architecture will include the maintenance
of the old traditional aesthetic principle order and development of the
new tradition. Both of these two method can identify the ethnicity and the
identity; showing the flexibility of the exploitation process to match the
general tendency in the world.
9. On the summary of the research contents, the thesis
recommend the inheritance and exploitation of the traditional culture
value in the residential architecture in the current big cities in Vietnam as
follows:
On the function element: the exploitation process needs to
24
determine the demand of the object to build the residential space
architecture suitably, creating the balance between “the residential
convenience” and “the cultural convenience”. This means, the traditional
culture value groups to be transferred will corresponding to each
determined demand level. With basic demand level, the space structure is
unconditional to exploit the traditional culture value to create the
characteristics. In the extension demand level, the residential house needs
to build 4 function space groups (passive rest, work, education,
communication); exploits the basic traditional culture value scale or the
value scale in the application model. For the development demand level,
the house needs to establish 5 function space groups (passive rest, work,
education, communication, active rest), exploits the advanced traditional
culture value scale or value scale in the application model.
On form element: continuing to develop the positive role
of the technology and the creativity in forming the residential architecture
form. Depending on the balance between the 2 elements above and
demand to transfer the traditional aesthetic value, one of 7 exploitation
statuses can be selected. Besides, that process needs to be combined with
the selection of the old or new traditional aesthetic principles. The new
traditional aesthetics is similar to the general tendency in the world so it
can create the modern work and also shows the ethnicity and the
indigeneity. The expertise of built residential works on the tradition
exploitation level can use the models introduced in the thesis contents.
This model application helps to determine the exploitation quantitatively
instead of sensible identification. Besides, the construction method of the
traditional culture value exploitation model can be applied similarly to
enhance other exploitation works beside the house.
WORK LIST OF THE AUTHOR
1. Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2009), Traditional Culture in
Townhouse Architecture in Vietnam. Construction Magazine No.
40/2009;
2. Tran Van Khai, Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2009), Proposal of
Some Urban and Suburban Residential Architecture in
Developing Economic Condition, Conference “Quy Nhon City
Development Planning to 2030 and Vision to 2050”;
3. Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2015), “Performance Tower”
Model in Residential Architecture, Construction Magazine No.
11/2015;
4. Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2016), Traditional Aesthetic
Value in Current Urban Residential Architecture in Vietnam,
Construction Magazine No. 04/2016;
5. Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2016), Rural Architecture in
Wetlands in Mekong Delta (adjacent to Cambodia Boundary),
Special Subject of Ministry-level research topic: “Research on
Architecture Development Orientation of Mekong Delta”,
Faculty of Architecture, Ho Chi Minh City University of
Architecture;
SELF- ACTUALIZING NEEDS
ESTEEM NEEDS
SOCIAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
PHYSIOLOGYCAL NEEDS
ACTIVE REST FUNCTION
(PHYSICAL, MENTAL & AESTHETIC DEVELOPMENT)
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
FUNCTION
EDUCATION FUNCTION
WORKING FUNCTION
PASSIVE REST
FUNCTION
Sleeping space
Kitchen
Dinning (internal)
Individual living space (relaxing)
Atrium/green space (small area)
Loggia
WC
Trading space
Service space
Craft space
Office
Family library
Ancestor and god worship space
General living space
Study & research space
Family memory space
Living space
Main dining space
Porch/lobby
Gate
Garden
Public corridor
Meditation, Yoga space
Specialized entertainment space (billar, bing bong...)
Children playing space
Sauna + massage
Art composing space
Gymnastic space
Swimming pool
Atrium (large area)
Garden, mini sence, rockeries
Audio visual entertainment
AD
VA
NC
ED
D
EM
AN
DB
AS
IC
D
EM
AN
D
5
4
3
2
1
20 10 5 6
4
4
2
EXTENSION OF
THE FUNCTION SPACE
ENHANCEMENT OF THE QUALITY
OF THE RESIDENTIAL
CONVENIENCE
"PEER-TO-PEER"
MULTI-FUNCTION
CONTACT
3.SPECIALIZED1.UNIVERSAL
2.LIMIT4.ECOLOGICAL
"MULTI-LEVEL"
MULTI-FUNCTION
CONTACT
3
7
SINGLE FUNCTION SPACE
"FUNCTION TOWER MODEL" IN THE URBAN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
F2.7
MODEL
2
2
2
NOTE:
BASE SPACE TO DEVELOP THE
CONTACT TO "PEER-TO-PEER"
MULTI FUNCTION
FLEXIBILITY/
VERSATILE
COMMUNITY
VIETNAMESE
FAMILY
TRADITION
HOSPITALITY
PRIVATE
OWNERSHIP
FENGSHUI
WORSHIP
CULTURE
SIGNIFIER
HARMONY
WITH NATURE
PROFITABILITY
INTERACTIONS
PROFITABILITY
VALUE
SPACE
VALUE
SOCIAL VALUE
SPIRIT &
AESTHETIC
VALUE
3
7
5
9
7
6
9
6
4
4
ACTIVE
INTERACTION
HARMONY WITH NATURE
FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
HOSPITALITY
VIETNAMESE FAMILY TRADITION
SIGNIFIER
FENGSHUI
03
02
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
THE TRADITIONAL
CULTURE VALUE SCALE
N.O
TOTAL
INTERACTION
09 0 09
04 03 07
06 01 09
0 06 06
03 03 06
0 04 05
0202 04
9
7
7
4
4
6
6
PROFITABILITY0 03033
WORSHIP CULTURE
HIG
H
IN
TE
RA
CT
IO
N
NOTE
RESULT TABLE
+3+3
+2
-7
-8
-7
+3
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
NATURE VALUE
Row house (Trading)
Row house (Residence)
Villa
Apartment
NOTE
o
oo
o
o
VARIATIONS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUES
COMMUNITY
03 03 076 01
02
01
0 04044
+1
-1
-1
+1
+2
+1
+2
+4
+6
+6
+5
+1
-6
-3
-3
-3
Increase
Decline
Mainternance
F2.3
INTERACTION AMONG TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUES IN
URBAN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN VIETNAM TODAY
PASIVE
INTERACTION
EXCLUSION
INTERACTION
AV
ER
AG
E
IN
TE
RA
CT
IO
N
LO
W
IN
TE
RA
CT
IO
N
Active
interaction
Pasive
interaction
Exclusion
interaction
THE ROLES OF THE TRADITIONAL VALUE IN THE URBAN RESIDENTIAL
ARCHITECTURE IN VIETNAM
AESTHETIC TENDENCIES
COMBINEDSUBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
SUBJECT
(HUMAN)
OBJECT
(THINGS/ARCHITECTURE)
ART BEAUTY
(Showing idea)
FORM BEAUTY
(Aesthetic law)
COMBINATION BETWEEN
SUBJECT & OBJECT
ART & FORM BEAUTY
AESTHETIC
OPINION
AESTHETIC
MECHANISM
IMMANUEL KANT
(1724 - 1804)
HEGEL (1770 - 1831)
THEODOR LIPPS
(1851 - 1914)
SAMUEL ALEXANDER
(1859 - 1938)
KISHO KUROKAWA
(1934 - 2007)
AESTHETIC
FELLING
AWARENESS
EXPERIENCE
EMOTIONAL STATE
ATTITUDE, OPINION
ANALYSIS THOUGHT
IMAGINATION
AESTHETIC SENCE
CHARACTERISTIC, FORM
RATIO
HARMONY
UNIFICATION
NUMERICAL LAW
BALANCE, SYMMATRY
SPIRIT BEATYPHYSICAL BEAUTY
SPIRIT & PHYSICAL
BEAUTY
TYPICAL
SCHOLARS
PLATO (427 - 347 TCN)
BACON (1561 - 1626)
DESCARTES (1596 - 1650)
SUSANNE LANGER
(1895 - 1985)
ROGER SCRUTON (1944)
CHALES JENCKS (1939)
ROBERT VENTURI (1925)
OSCAR WLIDE (1854 - 1900)
LE CORBUSIER
(1887 - 1965)
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE
(1886 - 1969)
ARCHITECTURE
THEORY
THE UNIFICATION BETWEEN
AESTHETIC SUBJECT
(HUMAN - AESTHETIC
FEELING) & AESTHETIC
OBJECT (THINGS,
ARCHITECTURE -
AESTHETIC SENCE)
TRADITIONAL
CULTURE VALUE
MODERNISM
ITALIAN FUTURISM
GERMAN EXPRESIONISM
AMERICAN FUNCTIONISM
RUSSIAN STRUCTURISM
DUTCH STLYE
HIGH - TECH
1. SHAPING AESTHETIC
(geometry, symmetry,
harmonic ratio, rhyme)
2. TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE
(natural material, mobile
structure)
3. METHOD OF HARMONY
WITH NATURE
(sunshade, ventilation, shade
creation forms)
POST - MODERN
ARCHITECTURE
METABOLISM
ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
NEO - VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE
ECOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE
CULTURAL SYMBIOSIS
SENSE OF PLACE
PHENOMENLOGY OF
ARCHITECTURE
SEMIOLOGY OF ARCHITECTURE
1. BEAUTY - HARMONIC
BEAUTY WITH NATURE
2. BEAUTY- DIVERSIFED
BEAUTY (mobile, change)
3. BEAUTY - OVERALL
BEAUTY (unification of
components)
4. BEAUTY - ELEMENT
BEAUTY (line, covering
line, grid surface, shade,
structure detail...)
5. BEAUTY - ODERLY
BEAUTY
AESTHETIC PRINCIPLE OF
TRADITIONAL RESIDENTIAL
ARCHITECTURE IN VIETNAM
ROLES OF
TRADITONAL CULTURE
IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL
ARCHITECTURE FORM
IN VIETNAM
1. HARMONY WITH NATURE
2. FLEXIBILITY/MULTI-FUNCTION
3. COMMUNITY
4. PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
5. VIETNAMESE FAMILY
TRADITION
ORIGINAL CONVERSION
CORRESPONDING CONVERSION
AESTHETIC DESCRIPTION
ABSTRACT JUDGMENT
F2.10
AESTHETIC SUGESTION PARTIAL CONVERSION
FORM OF TRADITIONAL RESIDENTIAL
ARCHITECTURE IN VIETNAM
METHOD OF HARMONY
WITH NATURE
TRADITIONAL
TECHNIQUE
SHAPING
AESTHETIC
NA
TU
RA
L
MA
TE
RIA
LS
CR
AF
T
PR
OD
UC
TIO
N
MO
BIL
IT
Y
TY
PIC
AL
PR
OD
UC
TS
GE
OM
ET
RY
RH
YM
E
SY
MM
ET
RY
HA
RM
ON
IC
R
AT
IO
NA
TU
RA
L
VE
NT
IL
AT
IO
N
SU
NS
HA
DE
NA
TU
RA
L L
IG
HT
(IN
DIR
EC
T)
RA
IN
S
PL
AS
H
RE
SIS
TA
NC
E
SH
AD
E C
RE
AT
IO
N
HU
MID
IT
Y
RE
SIS
TA
NC
E
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6
MATERIAL STRUCTURE
ROOF
1
DOOR
2
COVERING
STRUCTURE
3
PORCH,
LOGGIA
4
FRAME/
COLUMN
5
FLOOR
6
B. SIGNIFIED
TR
AD
IT
IO
NA
L V
AL
UE
TR
AN
FE
R
EX
PL
AN
AT
IO
N/
ID
EN
TIF
IC
AT
IO
N
HIGH SLOPE (30 - 33°)
WID
E
F
RO
NT
/
AR
OU
ND
H
OU
SE
2 R
OO
FS
O
R 4
R
OO
FS
AIR
Y
WID
E, A
IR
Y
(T
HU
ON
G S
ON
G H
A B
AN
)
MO
BIL
E
(R
EM
OV
E, IN
ST
AL
L, S
LID
E)
MO
BIL
E
SC
UL
P
HE
IG
HT
(4
0 - 6
0 C
M)
TANGIBLE ELEMENTS
ADAPTATION TO TROPICAL,
HUMID CONDITION
FORM LAWS
ADAPTATION TO
ECONOMIC- SOCIAL
CONDITION
SOCIAL
CULTURE
NATURE
ECONO
MICS
1 23
FLUCTUATION
(Development)
STABILITY
ORIGINAL CONVERSION
(PASSIVE - COPIED)
PARTIAL CONVERSION
(SEMI-PASSIVE)
CORRESPONDING
CONVERSION
(ACTIVE - CREATIVE)
CONVERSION
MECHANISM
A. SIGNIFIER
PA
TT
ER
N
DE
CO
RA
TIO
N
1 6
LO
W
(C
OM
PA
RE
D W
IT
H
HE
IG
HT
O
F R
OO
F)
TECHNO
LOGY
4
I
II
III
QUÁ TRÌNH CHUYỂN ĐỔI GIÁ TRỊ VHTT TRONG
HÌNH THỨC KIẾN TRÚC NHÀ Ở ĐÔ THỊ VIỆT NAM
III II I
TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE CONVERSION MECHANISM IN
URBAN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE FORM IN VIETNAM
NA
TU
RA
L M
AT
ER
IA
L
(R
US
TIC
)
C. REFERENT
CREATI
VITY
5
NOTE
HIGH
interaction
F2.16
HO
RIZ
ON
TA
L
DE
VE
LO
PM
EN
T
INTANGIBLE ELEMENTS
FLUCTUATION
(Development)
LOW
interaction
TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH DEMAND THEORY - [SECTION 2.3.2]
GENERAL MODEL
OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
FUNCTION TOWER MODEL
IN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE - [SECTION 2.2.2]
DEVELOPMENT
DEMAND
EXTENSION
DEMAND
BASIC
DEMAND
F3.3
FUNCTION SPACE HIGHLY INTERACTING WITH TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE [SECTION 2.2.4]
4
GENERAL MODEL OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT (THEORY MODEL)
ACTIVE
REST
5
BASE
MODEL
EDUCATION
3
WORK2
PASSIVE REST
1
DEMAND LEVELS
5
4
3
1
LESS
IMPORTANCE
STABIL
ITY
FLUCTUATION
BASIC
ADVANCE
POTENTIAL
FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE
HARMONY WITH NATURE
VIETNAMESE FAMILY TRADITION
COMMUNITY
PRIVATE
OWNERSHIP
COMMUNITY
VIETNAMESE
FAMILY TRADITION
PRIVATE
OWNERSHIP
HARMONY WITH NATURE
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
COMMUNITY
VIETNAMESE
FAMILY TRADITION
HARMONY WITH NATURE
IMPORTANCE
TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE - [SECTION 2.1.3.2]
TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
INTERACTION WITH FUNCTION - [SECTION 2.2.4]
Children playing space
Gymnastic space, Swimming pool
Atrium (large area)
Audio visual entertainment
Garden
Porch/lobby
Main dining space
Living space
Study & research space, library
Family memory space
Ancestor and god worship space
General living space
Atrium/green space (small area)
Loggia
Individual living space (relaxing)
Sleeping space
Dinning (internal)
COMMUNITY
VIETNAMESE FAMILY TRADITION
HARMONY WITH NATURE
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE (PRE-LEVEL)
FLEXIBILITY/
VERSATILE
(ADVANCE)
FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE
FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE
F3.5
SP
EC
IA
LIZ
ED
UN
IV
ER
SA
L
LIM
IT
EC
OL
OG
YC
AL
"M
UL
TI-L
EV
EL
"
MU
LT
I-F
UN
CT
IO
N
CO
NT
AC
T
"PEER-TO-PEER"
MULTI-FUNCTION
CONTACT
OPEN SPACE - GENERAL USE
(1 space - multi function-
interleaving - many users)
SPACE CHARACTERISTIC
FUNCTION SPACE HIGHLY INTERACTING
WITH TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE
[SECTION 2.2.4]
GENERAL SPACE (OPEN) - MULTI-FUNCTION & PRIVATE
SPACE (CLOSE) - MULTI-FUNCTION
(Multi-function house - 5 function groups, general use) -
(Multi-function room, private use)
CLOSE SPACE - PRIVATE USE
(Single function or Multi-function - Individual use)
OPEN SPACE - INTERNAL
ORIENTATION
(Direct to internal users )
COMPINATION SPACE
Main using space
+ Buffer space
(porch/lobby)
+ Green space/
ventilation hole
+ Position according to
wind direction,
sunlight advoiding
PA
SS
IV
E R
ES
T
EX
TE
RN
AL
CO
MM
UN
IC
AT
IO
N
AC
TIV
E R
ES
T
ED
UC
AT
IO
N
3
2
1
1 2 3
DEVELOPMENT DEMANDEXTENSION DEMANDBASIC DEMAND
NOTE
Swimming pool
Gymnastic (light sport)
Audio visual entertainment
Atrium/green space (large area)
Children playing space
Garden
Porch/lobby
Main dining space
Living space
Study & research space
Family memory space
Ancestor worship space
General living space
Atrium/green space (small area)
Loggia
Individual living space
Sleeping space
Dinning (internal)
WC
COMMUNITY
VIETNAMESE FAMILY TRADITION
HARMONY WITH NATURE
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE (PRE-LEVEL)
FLEXIBILITY/
VERSATILE
(ADVANCED)
GENERAL MODEL
OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT
APPLICATION MODEL OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT
OPEN SPACE - EXTERNAL
ORIENTATION
(Direct to external users )
F3.12
5
Porch
Garden
3
1
Atrium
2
±
1
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION CHART
ATRIUM/LOGGIA
VỆ SINH
KG TIẾP KHÁCH
KG ĂN CHÍNH
HIÊN NHÀ
SÂN VƯỜN
±
±
±
±1
2
5
±
±
±
±
±
3
2
Work
4
1
±±± ±
±±± ±
Loggia
±
± ±
±
±
±
±
±
±
Loggia
±
NOTE:
±
PERMANENT
CONTAC
ADDITIONAL
CONTACT
2 3 4 5
±
±± ±±
-
EXPLOITATION CHARACERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT
DE
VE
LO
PM
EN
T D
EM
AN
DE
XT
EN
SIO
N D
EM
AN
DB
AS
IC
D
EM
AN
D
EXTERNAL
COMMUNICATION
ACTIVE RESTEDUCATIONWORKPASSIVE REST
External
Communica
tion
Active restEducation
Passive
rest
Loggia
Loggia Loggia
Atrium
Swimming
pool
Garden
Active rest
Education
Passive
rest
4
External
Communica
tion
Work
Porch
Garden
Loggia
Loggia
Loggia
Passive
rest
Work
External
Communica
tion
Active rest
Education
Atrium
Loggia
COMMUNITY
VIETNAMESE
FAMILY
TRADITION
HARMONY
WITH NATURE
PRIVATE
OWNERSHIP
FLEXIBILITY/
VERSATILE
(PRE-LEVEL)
FLEXIBILITY/
VERSATILE
(ADVANCED)
SLEEPING SPACE
INDIVIDUAL LIVING
SPACE
KITCHEN & DINNING TRADING & SERVICE SPACE
OFFICE & INDIVIDUAL WORKING
SPACE
GENERAL LIVING
SPACE
WORSHIP SPACE
FAMILY MEMORY
SPACE
STUDY & RESEARCH
SPACE
SAUNA + MASSAGE
SWIMMING
POOL
GARDEN, MINI SENCE,
ROCKERIES
ART COMPOSING
SPACE
AUDIO VISUAL
ENTERTAINMENT
GYMNASTIC
SPACE
CHILDREN
PLAYING
SPACE
GENERAL
MODEL
OF
TRADITIONAL
CULTURE
VALUE
39
36
33
13
9
6
9
F3.14
EXPLOITATION MODEL OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN
RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE FORM IN BIG CITIES IN VIETNAM
TRADITIONAL AESTHETIC VALUE
Vertical, horizontal line
Human ratio
Vertical percentile
Absolute symmetry
Identical structure
Tile
Wood
Rock, terracotta brick
Roof outreaching the wall
Cornice, baffle plate
Shade under roof
Shade under cornice
Behind door, covering
structure
Roof ventilation hole
Alternative solid & hollow
structure
Grid surface
Diagonal line
12 912 11 12 12 11
Flat surface
Tilted surface
19
15
Mobile structure (space
extension, sunshade,
ventilation)
12 12 9 67
16 15 15
15
METHOD TO CALCULATE
COMBINATION INDEX
15
27 24 21 16 13
27
27
39
21 19 15
24
22
21
18
18
19 28
40
33
6
13
22
34
46
48
55
61
EXPLOITATION INDEX OF EACH
HOUSE TYPE
AVERAGE INDEX
a+b b+c c+d d+e e+f
a+c b+d c+e d+f
a+d
a+e
a+f
c+f
b+f
b+eII
III
I
f
a b cd
ef
a
a+b
a+b+c
a+b+c+d
a+b+c+d+e
a+b+c+d+e+f
e+f
d+e+f
c+d+e+f
b+c+d+e+f
= b+c+dI = c+d+eII = b+c+d+eIII
COMBINA
TION
INDEX
25%
40% 33% 22%
45%
65%
33% 23%
38%
37%
35%
30%32%
65%
53%
10%
55%
75%
78%
90%
100%
EXPLOITATION LEVEL
LEVEL 1: (10 - 40)% - [24 INTERACTIONS]
LEVEL 2: (41 - 70)% - [43 INTERACTIONS]
LEVEL 3: (71 - 100)% - [61 INTERACTIONS]
NOTE
RATIO
EXCHANGE
%
VILLAROW-HOUSE APARTMENT
45%
25%
45%
35%
30%
32%
45%
22%
IDEAL INDEX
EXPLOITATION
INDEX
TY
PIC
AL
UN
IV
ER
SA
L
SINGLE
INDEX
7 7 6 5679 8
LIMIT INDEX
ROOF/
CORNICE
TYPICAL
COVERING
STRUCT
URE
WINDOW/
DOOR
PORCH/
LOGGIA
FLOOR
COLUMN
FRAME
GEOMETRY
HARMONIC RATIO
SYMMETRY
NATURAL
MATERIAL
SHADE
CREATION
SUNSHADE
RHYME
MOBILITY
NATURAL
VENTILATION
Balanced symmetry
Repeated structure
STRUCTURE COMPONENT OF RESIDENTIAL ARCHIRECTURE FORM IN VIETNAM URBAN
15 12 12 9 7 6
IMPORTANCELESS IMPORTANCE
3455%
3964%
40
66%
46
75%
4879%
55
90%
61
100%
F3.19
EXPLOITATION CHARACERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN RESIDENTIAL
ARCHITECTURE FORM IN BIG CITIES IN VIETNAM
BASIC EXPLOITATION
COMPONENT GROUP
3355%
+
+
+
+
+
IDEAL INDEX
WINDOW/
DOOR
TYPICAL
COVERING
STRUCTURE
COLUMN
FRAME
PORCH/
LOGGIA
FLOOR
ROOF/
CORNICE
HARMONIC
RATIO
GEOMETRY
SYMMETRY
NATURAL
MATERIAL
SHADE
CREATION
SUNSHADE
RHYME
MOBILITY
TRADITIONAL
SHAPING LAW
LIMIT INDEX
DECENTRALIZATION
INDEX
10%
EL
EM
EN
T
BE
AU
TY
HA
RM
ON
IC
BE
AU
TY
OR
DE
RL
Y
BE
AU
TY
OV
ER
AL
L
BE
AU
TY
DIV
ER
SIF
IE
D
BE
AU
TY
NATURAL
VENTILATION
TRADITIONAL
AESTHETIC
PRINCIPLE
COMBINATION
INDEXS
TY
PIC
AL
EX
PL
OIT
AT
IO
N
GR
OU
P
NOTE:
TYPICAL EXPLOITATION GROUP: COMBINATION INDEX > 55% (34 INTERACTIONS)
LIMIT EXPLOITATION GROUP: COMBINATION INDEX < 55% (AND > 10%)
EXPLOITATION STATUS 01
AVERAGE INDEX
ROOF/
CORNICE
TYPICAL
COVERING
STRUCTURE
WINDOW/
DOOR
PORCH/
LOGGIA
FLOOR
COLUMN
FRAME
EXPLOITATION STATUS 02
EXPLOITATION STATUS 03
EXPLOITATION STATUS 04
EXPLOITATION STATUS 05
EXPLOITATION STATUS 06
EXPLOITATION STATUS 07
DECENTRALIZATION
INDEX
STRUCTURE COMPONENT OF RESIDENTIAL ARCHIRECTURE FORM IN VIETNAM URBAN
BASIC
DEMAND
EXTENSION
DEMAND
HARMONY WITH
NATURE
VIETNAMESE
FAMILY TRADITION
COMMUNITY
PRIVATE
OWNERSHIP
FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE
(ADVANCE)
RECESS
ION
CUSTOMI
ZATION
DEVELOP
MENT
COMMON
TENDENCY IN
THE WORD
NATIVE
TENDENCY
(VIETNAM)
GRADUAL
TRANSITION
+ +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
OPPOSITE
IMPACT TENDENCY
FUNCTION DEVELOPMENT TENDENCY
CU
LT
UR
E D
EV
EL
OP
ME
NT
T
EN
DE
NC
Y
CU
LT
UR
E C
ON
VE
RS
IO
N T
EN
DE
NC
Y
F3.20THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE CONVERSION TENDENCY ON FUNCTION ASPECT
2
DEVELOPMENT TENDENCY
NOTE
3RECESSION TENDENCY
1
CUSTOMIZABLE TENDENCY
(IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CULTURE
DEMAND)
DEVELOPMENT
DEMAND
FLEXIBILITY/
VERSATILE
(PRE-LEVEL)
FAVORABLE
IMPACT
TENDENCY
DEVELOP
MENT
COMMON
TENDENCY IN
THE WORD
DEVELOP
MENT
COMMON
TENDENCY IN
THE WORD
GRADUAL
TRANSITION
CUSTOMI
ZATION
COMMON
TENDENCY IN
THE WORD
REFERENCE
OF THE
TRADITIONAL
CULTURE
VALUE
TRADITIONAL
AESTHETIC
PRINCIPLE
PRIVATE
OWNERSHIP
HARMONY
WITH
NATURE
VIETNAMESE
FAMILY
TRADITION
COMMUNITY
FLEXIBILITY/
VERSATILE
CREATI
VITY
GEOMETRY
HARMONIC
BEAUTY
16
6
1
2
4
TRADITIONAL
SHAPING
LAW
NEW
FORM
THE TRADITIONAL AESTHETIC VALUE
THE INTERVENTION ELEMENT OF THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE
VALUE CONVERSION TENDENCY
THE TENDENCY OF
THE TRADITIONAL
AESTHETIC VALUE
CONVERSION
TR
AD
IT
IO
NA
L A
ES
TH
ET
IC
&
O
RD
ER
+
CO
MM
ON
T
EN
DE
NC
Y (W
OR
D)
NA
TIV
E T
EN
DE
NC
E
(V
IE
TN
AM
)
CH
AN
GE
O
RD
ER
T
RA
DIT
IO
NA
L A
ES
TH
ET
IC
FLUCTUATION
STABILITY
14 15
F3.21CONVERSION TENDENCY OF THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON THE FORM ASPECT
NATIVE
TENDENCY (VIETNAM)
COMMON
TENDENCY IN THE WORD
TECHNO
LOGY
NATURE
CULTURE
&
SOCIETY
ECONO
MICS
ELEMENT
BEAUTY
DIVERSIFIED
BEAUTY
OVERALL
BEAUTY
ORDERLY
BEAUTY
ELEMENT
BEAUTY
HARMONIC
BEAUTY
ODERLY
BEAUTY
OVERALL
BEAUTY
DIVERSIFIED
BEAUTY
HARMONIC
RATIO
NATURAL
MATERIAL
NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADE
SHADING
SUMMETRY
RHYME
MOBILITY
AIM
NEW
MATERIALS
&
TECHNIQUE
CLIMATE
ADAPTATION
FORM
TRADITIO
NAL
INHERIT
ANCE
EXECUTION
CONDITION