Charles V and the Habsburg Legacy

Habsburg-Valois Wars

AP European History

Habsburgs – European Dynasty Maximilian I (1493-1519)

administrative “circles”, Imperial Chamber and Council

strategic use of royal marriages he marries Mary of Burgundy (France & Netherlands) their son, Philip, marries Joanna heiress of Castile &

Spanish America, Aragon & its Mediterranean & Italian possessions

their son, Charles, inherits all this PLUS is elected Holy Roman Emperor, 1519

Habsburg Family Tree

pg. 355

Mary Tudor

Queen of England

Habsburg Brothers

•Emperor Charles V (a.k.a. King Charles I of Spain) – most powerful ruler of his time

•Ferdinand elected King of Bohemia and Hungary

•Attempts to protect areas from the Turks, who had been moving into Europe since the fall of Constantinople, 1453

Habsburg Dynasty under Charles VU2.D1 #21

The Habsburg Threat

“Universal Monarchy” threat to national independence France especially worried (they are surrounded) England worried (they are not making headway

into the continent)

Charles V – political change in Empire Reinstatement of:

Imperial Supreme Court Council of Regency

Creation of: Consultation of Imperial Diet

In what ways did these concessions end up helping the PR in Germany? (U2.D1 #22)

Emperor Charles V Charles V dealing w/ French, Turks, and Pope is

unable to direct attention toward Luther urges a European wide council for reconciliation Unfortunately, Francis I and Henry VIII prefer national

councils and Pope Clement VII sides with Francis I Habsburg-Valois Wars (1521-1544)

Conflict centered around southern France, Netherlands, Rhineland, northern Spain and Italy

2nd Habsburg-Valois War (1527-1529) = violent sacking of Rome by the Spanish under Charles V, by 1530 Charles V ruled over most of Italy

Charles V and the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

Battle of Mohacs (1526) – King Louis of Hungary killed & Turks advanced on Vienna, turned back in 1529

1532-1535 forced to fight off Turkish, Arab, and Barbary attacks on Mediterranean coasts of Spain and Italy

Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-47, 52-55) 1546 France and Schmalkaldic League go to

war with Empire Schmalkaldic League (princely Lutheran supporters

and free imperial states), formed in 1531 after Charles V demands that all converts return to the Catholic Church

King Henry II (France) supports the Schmalkaldic League as it weakens the Empire

Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-47, 52-55)

Imperial Forces = German, Dutch, Spanish & Italian troops

Phase 1 Battle of Mühlberg, Lutherans are defeated

(1547) Phase 2

1552 Henry II (France) revives wars 1555 France and Schmalkaldic League are

victorious – Charles V forced to negaotiate a truce

Peace of Augsburg (1555) cuius regio eius religio: “whose the region,

his the religion” rulers at liberty to choose the religion of the

individual states victory for Lutheranism – now on equal footing

with Catholicism increased national fragmentation of Germany

The Peace of Augsburg overlooks one crucial issue of the Reformation. What is it?

Abdication of Charles V

1556 – sick and exhausted Charles V gives up his fight of the Empire and abdicates the throne to his brother Ferdinand (HRE +) and his son, Philip (Spain) Now in addition to all other

territories (except Spain) HREmperor is also the King of Bohemia and Hungary

Philip becomes Philip II, King of Spain