82 OLR (1982) 29(2) During much of this century Southern Hemisphere data acquisition has actually deteriorated with the wind-down of whaling and other shipping activities in southern waters. As satellites could not provide accurate surface pressure fields, 302 FGGE drifting buoys were deployed. In this preliminary review 'it is already clear that the buoy data have made a major contribution to both operational and research aspects' of Southern Hemisphere meteorology and hydrography. Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia. (fcs) C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY C10. Apparatus and methods 82:0655 Goldberg, E.D., 1981. Editors and revolutions. Editorial. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(7):p.225. With the advent of recent analytical and meth- odological techniques pioneered by such chemists as Clair Patterson at CalTech, many marine chemists have come to realize that pre-revolutionary 'data for trace metal concentrations in seawaters were merely collections of random numbers.' And yet, those numbers are stil1 very much a part of the modern literature. The selection of reviewers likely to catch these references is therefore 'of paramount impor- tance.' (fcs) 82:0656 Jagner, Daniel, Mats Josefson and Stig Westerlund, 198 i. Determination of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in seawater by means of computerized potentiometric stripping analysis. Analytica chim. Acta, 129:153-161. Advantages (increased sensitivity, elimination of deoxygenation step) of computerizing a potentio- metric stripping analyzer are described; results of heavy metal analysis of Arctic seawater samples are presented. Special analytical problems in Cu deter- mination at very low concentrations are discussed. Univ. of Goteborg, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden. (bwt) 82:0657 Kiriyama, Tetsuya, Mayumi Haraguchi and Rokuro I¢_uroda, 1981. Combined anion-exchange sepa- ration and spectrophotometrie determination of traces of titanium in seawater. Z. analyt. Chem., 307(5):352-355. Kuroda: Lab. for Anal. Chem., Univ. of Chiba, Yayoi-cho, Chiba, Japan. 82:0658 Ramos, L.S. and P.G. Prohaska, 1981. Sephadex LH-20 chromatography of extracts of marine sediment and biological samples for the isolation of polynnclear aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Chroma- tog., 211(2):284-289. A simplified, two-step procedure combining silica gel chromatography with LH-20 chromatography is an efficient isolation technique that separates PAH in environmental samples from interfering com- pounds with good recovery of target compounds; the simplified gas chromatograms of PAH fractions allow direct quantitation. Prohaska: Northwest and Alaska Fish. Center, NMFS, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E, Seattle, Wash. 98112, USA. (bwt) 82:0659 Setchell, U.W., 19~1. Particulate protein measure- ment in oceanographic samples by dye binding. Mar. Chem., 10(4):301-313. To calculate biomass m ocean water samples a modified version of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye binding protein assay is presented. The method, which can be used on the same homogenates prepared for electron transport system activity measurements, has been intercalibrated with the widely used Lowry assay. Results from Gulf of Maine water samples are discussed. The Darling Center, Univ. of Maine, Walpole, Maine 04573, USA. (bwt)
Transcript
82 OLR (1982) 29(2)
During much of this century Southern Hemisphere data acquisition has actually deteriorated with the wind-down of whaling and other shipping activities in southern waters. As satellites could not provide accurate surface pressure fields, 302 F G G E drifting buoys were deployed. In this preliminary review 'it is
already clear that the buoy data have made a major contribution to both operational and research aspects' of Southern Hemisphere meteorology and hydrography. Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia. (fcs)
C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
C10. Apparatus and methods
82:0655 Goldberg, E.D., 1981. Editors and revolutions.
Editorial. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(7):p.225.
With the advent of recent analytical and meth- odological techniques pioneered by such chemists as Clair Patterson at CalTech, many marine chemists have come to realize that pre-revolutionary 'data for trace metal concentrations in seawaters were merely collections of random numbers.' And yet, those numbers are stil1 very much a part of the modern literature. The selection of reviewers likely to catch these references is therefore 'of paramount impor- tance.' (fcs)
82:0656 Jagner, Daniel, Mats Josefson and Stig Westerlund,
198 i. Determination of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in seawater by means of computerized potentiometric stripping analysis. Analytica chim. Acta, 129:153-161.
Advantages (increased sensitivity, elimination of deoxygenation step) of computerizing a potentio- metric stripping analyzer are described; results of heavy metal analysis of Arctic seawater samples are presented. Special analytical problems in Cu deter- mination at very low concentrations are discussed. Univ. of Goteborg, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden. (bwt)
82:0657 Kiriyama, Tetsuya, Mayumi Haraguchi and Rokuro
I¢_uroda, 1981. Combined anion-exchange sepa- ration and spectrophotometrie determination of
traces of titanium in seawater. Z. analyt. Chem., 307(5):352-355. Kuroda: Lab. for Anal. Chem., Univ. of Chiba, Yayoi-cho, Chiba, Japan.
82:0658 Ramos, L.S. and P.G. Prohaska, 1981. Sephadex
LH-20 chromatography of extracts of marine sediment and biological samples for the isolation of polynnclear aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Chroma- tog., 211(2):284-289.
A simplified, two-step procedure combining silica gel chromatography with LH-20 chromatography is an efficient isolation technique that separates PAH in environmental samples from interfering com- pounds with good recovery of target compounds; the simplified gas chromatograms of PAH fractions allow direct quantitation. Prohaska: Northwest and Alaska Fish. Center, NMFS, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E, Seattle, Wash. 98112, USA. (bwt)
82:0659 Setchell, U.W., 19~1. Particulate protein measure-
ment in oceanographic samples by dye binding. Mar. Chem., 10(4):301-313.
To calculate biomass m ocean water samples a modified version of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye binding protein assay is presented. The method, which can be used on the same homogenates prepared for electron transport system activity measurements, has been intercalibrated with the widely used Lowry assay. Results from Gulf of Maine water samples are discussed. The Darling Center, Univ. of Maine, Walpole, Maine 04573, USA. (bwt)
OLR (1982) 29 (2) C. Chemical Oceanography 83
C40. Area studies, surveys
82:0660 Anderson, L. and D. Dyrssen, 1981. Chemical
constituents of the Arctic Ocean in the Svalbard area. Oceanologica Acta, 4(3):305-311.
Water column data on multiple parameters (total alkalinity, total carbonate, nutrients, oxygen), de- rived from the 1980 Swedish Arctic Expedition, are discussed and a revised silica budget for the Arctic Ocean is offered. Chemical constituents are plotted against in-situ temperature; their relationship to photosynthesis and SST is explored. Univ. of Goteborg, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden. (bwt)
82:0661 Fujita, Masahiko and Kiyoshi Iwashima, 1981.
Estimation of organic and total mercury in seawater around the Japanese archipelago. Environ. Sci. Technol., 15(8):929-933.
Diethyldithiocarbamate was used to complex the seawater Hg compounds; preconcentration was achieved on XAD-2 resin. Following elution, the organic fraction was extracted (benzene) and back- extracted (cysteine solution) twice. Determinations achieved a lower limit of 0.1 ng/L organic Hg from an initial seawater volume of 80 L. The method was applied to offshore and inshore waters. Inst. of Public Health, 6-1, Shirokanedai 4-chome, Mina- toku, Tokyo-108, Japan. (sir)
82:0662 Guiliano, Michel, Aurore Arlhac, Gilbert Mille and
Jacques Chouteau, 1981. ISeasonal variations in hydrocarbon contents of Mediterranean coastal waters: Carry-le-Rouet to Sausset-les-Pins, France.] Tdthys, 10(1):53-58. (In French, English abstract.) Faculte des Sci. et Tech. de St. Jerome, rue Henri Poincare, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 4, France.
C80. Physical chemistry in seawater
82:0663 Ben-Yaakov, Sam (comment) and A.C. Lasaga
(reply), 1981. Discussion. Diffusion of seawater ions: significance and consequences of cross coupling effects. Am. J. Sci., 281(7):974-988.
82:0664 Dickson, A.G. and M. Whitfield, 1981. An ion-
association model for estimating acidity constants (at 25°C and 1 atm total pressure) in electrolyte mixtures related to seawater (ionic strength < 1
mol kg -I H20 ). Mar. Chem,, 10(4):315-333. Dept. of Chem., Univ. of Fla., Gainesville, Fla. 32611, USA.
Goldman and Michael Beyth, 1981. Solubilities of gypsum and halite in the Dead Sea and in its mixtures with seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(4):709-716. Dept. of Geol., Hebrew Unix,., Jerusalem, Israel.
82:0666 Richardson, L.B., D.T. Burton, G.R. Helz and J.C.
Rhoderick, 1981. Residual oxidant decay and bromate formation in chlorinated and ozonated seawater. Wat. Res., 15(9): 1067-1074.
Studied under light and dark conditions in 5, 15 and 30 ppt artificial seawater and ~ 5 ppt natural estuarine water, residual oxidant decay rates accel- erated under light for both oxidants. Significant quantities of bromate were produced in light- exposed, chlorinated samples with an initial residual oxidant concentration of ~70 ttM; no bromate formed in chlorinated estuarine samples. Bromate production was much greater in ozonated than in chlorinated samples; its formation was completely inhibited in the presence of NHj -N and estuarine sediment. Johns Hopkins Univ., Applied Physics Lab., Shady Side, Md. 20867, USA.
Cll0 . Radioactivity, radioisotopes
82:0667 Garland, J.A. and R.C. Chadwick, 1981. Plutonium
suspension from seawater. Hlth Phys., 41(2):279- 283.
Laboratory experiments show that Pu is concen- trated at the sea surface and in sea spray. In spray, Pu concentration was enriched by one or two orders of magnitude relative to Na. Environ. and Medical Sci. Div., AERE, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK.
82:0668 Martin, J.M., A.J. Thomas and C. Jeandel, 1981.
Atmospheric transfer of artifidal radionuclides from the sea to continents. Oceanologica Acta, 4(3):263-266. (In French, English abstract.)
Although such a transfer was noted in the vicinity of the La Hague nuclear reprocessing plant and was attributed to the formation of atmospheric aerosols from the radionuclide-enriched coastal waters, the levels were very low ('negligible compared to present recommended limits'). Lab. de Geologic, Ecole
84 (% Chemical Oceanography OLR (1982) 29 (2)
normale superieure, 46, rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France. (sir)
$2:0669 McKinley, I.G., M.S. Baxter, D.J. Ellett and W.
Jack, 1981. Tracer applications of radiocaesium in the Sea of the Hebrides. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 13(1):69-82.
Surface distributions of ~34Cs and '~TCs are used to monitor transport of Irish Sea-derived water through the Sea of the Hebrides. Although the flow during 2 summers (1976, 1977) differed markedly, results support Craig's (1959) proposal of a clockwise flow around the southern Outer Hebrides. Inst. of Geol. Sci., AERE Harwell, Oxon., O X l l oRA, UK. (izs)
82:0670 McKinley, 1.G., M.S. Baxter and W. Jack, 1981. A
simple model of radiocaesium transport from Windscale to the Clyde Sea area. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 13(1):59-67.
Cs isotopes released at the Windscale nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Cumbria were used as tracers of water transport. Water movement from Wind- scale to the North Channel takes 6 months; from the North Channel to the Clyde Sea, 2 months. Inst. of Geol. Sci., AERE Harwell, Oxon., OX11 oRA, UK.
82:0671 Nozaki, Y., Y. Horibe and H. Tsubota, 1981. The
water column distributions of thorium isotopes in the western North Pacific. Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 54(2):203-216.
Detailed vertical profiles of 23°Th and 228Th were interpreted with a new model involving scavenging parameters and dissolved-particulate transforma- tion. 23°Th increased linearly with depth; 228Th was highly concentrated in surface and bottom waters. 228Th distributions 'seemed significantly influenced by lateral mixing along isopycnals.' Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164, Japan. (izs)
82:0672 Styro, D.B. and I.V. Kleiza, 1981. Radiocaesium and
radiostrontinm in the Baltic Sea in autumn 1977 [in surface waters and at 50 m depth]. Okeano- logiia, 21(3):464-472. (In Russian, English ab- stract.)
82:0673 Weber, F.F. Jr. and W.M. Sackett, 1981. Uranium
geod~mistry of Orca Basin. Geochim. cosmo- chim. Acta, 45(8):1321-1329.
Uranium concentrations for Orca Basin ranged 2.1-4.1 ppm as compared to Red Sea values 1.2-2.6
ppm (Suakin Deep) and 8.0-11.0 ppm (Atlantis II Deep). Anoxic conditions are a prerequisite for significant uranium uptake by 'non-carbonate ma- rine sediments'; dilution, mixing and diffusion may also play a role. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of S. Florida, St. Petersburg, Fla. 33701, USA. (ahm)
C 1 2 0 . D i s s o l v e d g a s e s
82:0674 Warren, B.A., 1981. The shallow oxygen minimum of
the south Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 28(8A):859-864.
ln-situ 02 consumption in a northward-moving water column is believed to be the cause of a layer of low-O 2 water found at 200 m depth along with fairly high silica and e o 4 concentrations. Depth and intensity of the 02 minimum (but not the deeper 02 distribution) are reproduced by a simple model. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (mjj)
82:0675 Zhorov, V.A., S.G. Boguslavsky and T.N.
Abakumova, 1981. Free carbon dioxide in the Black Sea during water heating periods. Okeano- logiia, 21(3):456-463. (In Russian, English ab- stract.)
CO2 concentrations vary widely east-to-west; summer cyclonic gyres over the abyssal zone act to absorb CO 2 from the atmosphere at their centers and isolate it in patches. (slr)
C 1 4 0 . N u t r i e n t s
82:0676 Coachman, L.K. and J.J. Walsh, 1981. A diffusion
model of cross-shelf exchange of nutrients in the southeastern Bering Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 28(8A): 819-846.
A diffusion model estimated the spring cross-shelf flux of nitrate and its rate of biological uptake in the SE Bering Sea 1976-79. Agreement of this model with independent ~SN estimates of formation of phytoplankton particulate N allowed further anal- ysis of the possible fate of the spring bloom in the outer shelf area. Utilization of spring phytoplankton production at the same isobath and similar latitude in the Bering and North seas is compared. Dept. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98195, USA.
of nutrients by autoanalyser in Greek coastal waters. Thalassographica, 2(2):173-190. Inst. of Oceanographic and Fisheries Res., Greece.
C150. Particulate matter
82:0678 BostrOm, K., J-O. Burman, C. Pont6r and J. Ingri,
1981. Selective removal of trace elements from the Baltic by suspended matter. Mar. Chem~ 10(4):335-354.
Baltic suspended matter comprises 12-25% terrigen- ous derivatives and 75-88% biogenous material, particularly enriched (by comparison with its sed- iments) in Mn(5x), Sr(4x), Ba(2.5x) and V(1.8x). It appears that suspended transport from continental sources supplies pelagic sediments with their enrich- ments of these elements. Dept. of Economic Geol., Univ. of Lulea, S-951 87 Lulea, Sweden. (sir)
$2:0679 Bruland, K.W. and M.W. Silver, 1981. Sinking rates
of fecal pellets from gelatinous zooplankton (salps, pteropods, doliolids). Mar. Biol., 63(3):295-300.
The highest ever recorded sinking rates for fecal pellets are reported for salps and pteropods: 2700 and 1800 m d -~, respectively; doliolids' pellets sank at 208 m d -z. Organically rich salp fecal pellets, because of their sinking rate, may be very important in the flux of biogenic materials during salp blooms. Center For Coastal Mar. Studies, Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz, Calif. 95064, USA. (ahm)
82:0680 Sugihara, Shigehiko, Ryohei Tsuda and Katsutoshi
Kido, 1981. Relation between light scattering and size distribution of suspended particles in the North Pacific Ocean. Scient. Pap. Inst. phys. chem. Res., Tokyo, 75(1):33-40.
Better agreement between Mie theory and exper- iment is attained when particles ~2.4 #m are taken into consideration. Refraction indices are presented for particles in upper, intermediate, and deeper layers. Oceanogr. Instrum. Lab., Inst. of Physical and Chem. Res., Tokyo, Japan. (izs)
82:0681 Urr6re, M.A. and G.A. Knauer, 1981. Zooplankton
fecal pellet fluxes and vertical transport of particulate organic material in the pelagic envi- ronment. J. Plankt. Res., 3(3):369-387.
Fecal pellets appear to be important contributors to total carbon fluxes. Minimum pellet fluxes were observed at 500 m; the increased value of pellet flux at 1500 m is probably the result of in-situ repackag- ing. Analyses suggest multiple sources of 'large' particle input throughout the water column; impli- cations are discussed in terms of the detrital rain and ladder of migration theories. Moss Landing Mar. Lab., P.O. Box 223, Moss Landing, Calif. 95039, USA.
C180. Geochemistry, biogeochemistry (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEO- PHYSICS)
82:0682 Bale, A.J. and A.W. Morris, 1981. Laboratory
simulation of chemical processes induced by estuarine mixing: the behaviour of iron and phosphate in estuaries. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci~ 13(!):1-10.
A series of well-stirred tank reactors provides an adaptable laboratory analogue of a I-D estuarine mixing profile which can be applied dynamically to study the chemistry of estuarine mixing. The well- documented general features of iron removal, in- volving rapid aggregation of river-borne colloids, were reproduced. Phosphate removal is attributable in part to coagulation, although specific adsorption of phosphate by colloids also appears significant. Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PLI 3DH, UK.
82:0683 Buresh, R.J. and W.H. Patrick Jr., 1981. Nitrate
reduction to ammonium and organic nitrogen in an estuarine sediment. Soil Biol. Biochem., 13(4):279-283.
Fifteen to 28% of the NO 3 added to 2 cm of water overlying 2.4 cm of sediment in open containers was reduced to NH 4 and organic N. The lower the redox potential, the greater was the conversion of NO 3 . Int. Fertilizer Develop. Center, P.O. Box 2040, Muscle Shoals, Ala. 35660, USA. (mjj)
82:0684 Hurd, D.C., H.S. Pankratz, Vernon Asper, James
Fugate and Henry Morrow, 1981. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of biogenie silica from the central equatorial Pacific. III. Specific pore volume, mean pore size, and skeletal ultra- structure of acid-cleaned samples. Am. J. Sci., 281 (7): 833-895.
86 ( . Chemical Oceanography OLR (1982) 29 (2)
'Morphological and crystal changes at a colloidal level as a function of geologic age' are examined. Apparent dissolution-induced changes in the outer porous layer of diatoms and polycistine radiolarians have resulted in decreased thickness over the last 40 myBP; this layer can be detected using methyl red adsorption. A mean pore radius of 33 +- 10 A has been measured by gas adsorption and T.E.M. Includes numerous micrographs. Shell Develop. Corp., P.O. Box 481, Houston, Tex. 77001, USA. (mjj)
82:0685 Katz, A. and I.R. Kaplan, 1981. Heavy metals
behavior in coastal sediments of southern Cali- fornia: a critical review and synthesis. Mar. Chem., 10(4):261-299.
Studies published since 1970 on heavy metals in the area's coastal sediments were evaluated for dis- crepancies and accords in data sets and were reviewed to interpret transport and removal mech- anisms. Discussed are particulate associations, base- line concentrations, oil seepages, source identifi- cation, radionuclide monitoring, dispersion, and analytical difficulties (contamination, speciation, salt matrix complexity, undersaturation). An urgent need is cited for standardization of heavy metal leaching techniques. Includes 8 pages of references. Dept. of Geol., Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, Israel. (izs)
82:0686 Lutsik, N.V., 1981. Seasonal variations in the content
of ATP, chlorophyll a and organic carbon in the soft bottom of Vostok Bay (Sea of Japan). Biologiya mor., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1981(1):38- 42. (In Russian, English abstract.) Inst. of Mar. Biol., Far East Sci. Center, Vladivostok 690022, USSR.
82:0687 Matkar, V.M. and K.C. Pillai, 1975. Zinc in an
estuarine environment. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 17(2): 108-115.
Marine organisms, seawater and sediments from Bombay Harbour Bay varied widely in Zn content. Suspended silt and bottom sediments had high concentrations as did barnacles and crabs. Health Physics Div., Bhabha Atomic Res. Centre, Bombay- 85, India. (ahm)
82:0688 Pellenbarg, Robert, 1981. Trace metal partitioning in
the aqueous surface microlayer of a salt marsh. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 13(1): 113-117,
Freeze-dried microlayer samples from a Delaware salt marsh were extracted with organic solvents of differing polarity. The majority (~95%, excluding Cd) of trace metals could not be extracted with any of the organic solvents, and are presumed associated with inorganic phases. For organic-solvent-recover- able metals, acetone extracted the largest proportion. Results strongly suggest the sequestering of organic- ally soluble metals by humic-like materials. Environ. Sci. Div., Code 4330, Naval Res. Lab., Washington, D.C. 20375, USA.
82:0689 Scoullos, M.J., 1981. Zinc in seawater and sediments
(of the Gulf of Elefsis, Greece). Wat. Air Soil Pollut., 16(2): 187-207.
Zn distribution was influenced by planktonic activ- ity, direct input, circulation pattern changes, and redox reactions. Correlation was shown between magnetic properties and particulate Zn. Inorganic Chem. Lab., Univ. of Athens, 13A, Navarinou str., Athens 144, Greece. (ahm)
82:0690 Thorne, L.T. and G. Nickless, 1981. The relation
between heavy metals and particle size fractions within the Severn Estuary (U.K.) inter-tidal sediments. Sci. total Environment, 19(3):207-213.
Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn contents of the non-residual portion (acid leach) of samples collected at the water's edge at low tide increased with decreasing particle size, although the overall trend was obscured by coal particles from an adjacent coalfield. At the estuary's seaward end, mixing with marine materials decreased heavy metal concentrations. National Coal Board, Coal House, Lyon Rd., Harrow, London, UK. (hbf)
C 2 1 0 . P o l l u t i o n (see also E300-Effects of pollution, and F250-Waste disposal)
82:0691 Brooks, J.M., D.A. Wiesenburg, R.A. Burke Jr. and
M.C. Kennicutt, 1981. Gaseous and volmile hydrocarbon inputs from a subsurface oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Environ. Sci. Technol., 15(8):951-959.
Results of detailed sampling for C~-Ct4 hydrocar- bons around the IXTOC-1 blowout are reported. Rapid concentration decreases down-plume were due to both dilution and hydrocarbon venting to the atmosphere. Evaporation and dissolution processes and their relative importance in a massive blowout are discussed. Dept. of Oceanog., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex. 77843. USA. (bwt)
OLR (1982) 29 (2) C. Chemical Oceanography 87
82:0692 Davies, J.M., R. Johnston, K.J. Whittle and P.R.
Mackie, 1981. Origin and fate of hydrocarbons in Sullom Voe [Shetiandl. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., (B)80(1/4): 135-154.
Hydrocarbon analyses of the surface water film, water, sediment traps and sediments are presented for samples collected 1973-78. Amounts present are compared to estimated petroleum hydrocarbon inputs from operational losses and accidents based upon analogies with worldwide averages and with data from similar oil terminals. Some conclusions are drawn as to the likely fate of this oil in Sullom Voe. DAFS Mar. Lab., Aberdeen, Scotland.
$2:0693 Delaune, R.D., W.H. Patrick Jr. and M.E. Cassel-
man, 1981. Effect of sediment pH and redox conditions on degradation of henzo(a)pyrene. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(7):251-253.
Highest degradation rates occurred in sediment maintained at pH 8.0 (lowest at pH 5.0). At all pH values degradation of benzo(a)pyrene increased with increasing redox potential; up to a hundred-fold difference in rates could be attributed to sediment pH and redox potential changes. Center for Wetland Resources, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, La. 70803, USA.
82:0694 Douglas, A.G., P.B. Hall, B. Bowler and P.F.V.
Williams, 1981. Analysis of hydrocarbons in sediments as indicators of pollution. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., (B)80(1/4): 113-134.
General procedures for the identification of oil spills are briefly reviewed. Biological and petroleum hydrocarbon fingerprints obtained by GC and combined GC-MS methods are compared. Some data for Sullom Voe are presented. Dept. of Geol., The Univ., Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
82:0695 Dyrssen, D. and E. Fogelqvist, 1981. Bromoform
concentrations of the Arctic Ocean in the Sval- bard area. Oceanologica Acta, 4(3):313-317.
Analysis (1-100 ng/L range) shows that bromoform is present at all depths in the eastern Arctic Ocean; depth profiles indicate that inshore algae belts produce it. High concentrations at 20-30 m depth in Isfjorden indicate an additional source, possibly chlorination at Barentsburg. Univ. of Goteborg, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden.
82:0696 Gaudry, A., B. Bonsang, B.C. Nguyen and P.
Nadaud, 1981. [Measuring atmospheric and oceanic concentrations of dimethyl sulfur at the ppt level. V.] Chemosphere, 10(7):731-744. (In French.) Centre des Faibles Radioact., CNRS, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France.
82:0697 Guard, H.E., A.B. Cobet and W.M. Coleman II1,
1981. Methylation of trimethyitin compounds by estuarine sediments. Science, 213(4509):770-771.
A slow and significant, but not extensive, conversion of trimethyltin hydroxide to volatile trimethyltin by both biotic and abiotic pathways in sediments, but not in seawater, was observed. Volatile tin com- pounds were formed only when trimethyltin hy- droxide was present. Sch. of Public Health, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif. 94720, USA. (mjj)
82:0698 Hiatt, M.H., 1981. Analysis of fish and sediment for
The technique employs vacuum extraction and subsequent cryogenic trapping to measure recoveries of spiked compounds. Uniformly high recoveries indicate that this should be a reliable method for environmental analysis. U.S. EPA, P.O. Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nev. 89114, USA. (bwt)
82:0699 Johnston, C.S., 1981. The Flotta Terminal [Orkney
Islands] and its effects on the marine environ- ment. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., (B)80(1/4):341-354.
The discussion, held at a symposium on the envi- ronmental impact of the Sullom Voe oil terminal in Shetland, reviews the development and environ- mental policy of the Flotta Terminal. The rationale for pre-operational and subsequent monitoring studies is emphasized. Inst. of Offshore Eng., Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, Scotland. Cowt)
82:0700 Levy, E.M. and M. Ehrhardt, 1981. Natural seepage
of petroleum at Buchan Gulf, Baffin Island [Canada]. Mar. Chem., 10(4):355-364.
This study illustrates that the combination of fluorescence spectrophotometry and computerized gc/ms, a highly sensitive and selective screening procedure, affords the most powerful method of compound identification available for the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in environmental samples. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, N.S. B2Y 4A2, Canada. (bwt)
88 ('. Chemical Oceanograph5 OLR (1982) 29 (2)
82:0701 Meyerson, A.L., G.W. Luther III, James Krajewski
and R.I. Hires, 1981. Heavy metal distribution in Newark Bay [New Jerseyl sediments. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(7):244-250. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Environ., Kean College, Union, N.J. 07083, USA.
82:0702 Nemirovskaya, I.A. and M.P. Nesterova, 1981. Oil
pollution of surface waters In the Sargasso Sea. Okeanologiia, 21(3):482-488. (In Russian, Eng- lish abstract.)
Tarballs were sampled in the POLYMODE area and across the Gulf Stream. Concentrations varied widely in space and time, ranging from 1.8-28.3 mg/m 2. (bwt)
82:0703 Radford, P.J., R.J. Uncles and A.W. Morris, 1981.
Simulating the impact of technological change on dissolved cadmium distribution in the Severn Estuary [England-Wales]. Wat. Res., 15(9): 1045- 1052.
A model which computes dispersive and advective properties was used to predict the magnitude and sitings of the estuary's major inputs of dissolved Cd. Tighter effluent controls and improved estimates of Cd discharges resulted. Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
82:0704 Romero, G.C., G.R. Harvey and D.K. Atwood,
1981. Stranded tar on Florida beaches: Sep- tember 1979-October 1980. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(8):280-284.
Tar fouling of SE Florida beaches is an order of magnitude greater than for the rest of the state, perhaps because of extensive ship traffic in the Straits of Florida. No evidence of increased tar as a result of Ixtoc-1 was found, nor were amounts of tar measured on SE Florida beaches increased over amounts in 1958 and 1971. NOAA, 15 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fla. 33149, USA.
characterization of underwater hydrocarbon vents and formation waters from offshore production operations. Environ. Sci. Technol., 15(8):917-923.
Samples from underwater vents and production platform formation water discharges were analyzed. Above vents, hydrocarbons were generally light alkanes (Ci0 or less) with ( 1 0 % aromatics; hydro- carbons in formation waters were more extensive and complex. Total volatile liquid hydrocarbons discharged to the Louisiana-upper Texas continental shelf from these two sources are estimated; both contribute about equally. Exxon Prod. Res. Co., P.O. Box 2189, Houston, Tex. 77001, USA. (bwt)
82:0707 Smith, J.N. and D.H. Loring, 1981. Geochronology
for mercury pollution in the sediments of the Saguenay Fjord, Quebec. Environ. Sci. Teehnol., 15(8):944-951.
Hg deposition chronology (1940-1976) was deter- mined using 2J°Pb; fluxes were consistent with releases of Hg from a chlor-alkali plant, and also varied with water depth and distance seaward from the head of the fjord. Water residence times for Hg varied from ( 1 month to 5-10 years in different parts of the fjord and river. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, N.S., B2Y 4A2 Canada. (mjj)
82:0708 Thompson, G.B. and R.S.S. Wu, 1981. Toxicity
testing of oil slick dispersants in Hong Kong. [Status report.] Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(7):233-237. Fisheries Res. Station, Aberdeen, Hong Kong.
82:0709 Wofsy, S.C., M.B. McElroy and J.W. Elkins, 1981.
Transformations of nitrogen in a polluted estuary: nonlinearities in the demand for oxygen at low flow. Science, 213(4509):754-757.
Sewage ammonium oxidation rates in the Potomac and Delaware rivers varied inversely with freshwater inflow rate; 02 demand varied as the inverse square of the inflow rate. Center for Earth and Plan. Phys., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138, USA. (mjj)
82:0705 Rosales-Hoz, M.T.L. and Ricardo Alvarez-Le6n,
1979. Levels of organochlorine hydrocarbons in sediments from coastal lagoons of the Gulf of Mexico. An. Cent. Cidnc. Mar Limnol., Univ. nac. aut6n. M~x., 6(2):1-5. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Cent. Cienc. del Mar y Limnol., Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
C240. Corrosion
82:0710 Craig, B.D. and L.A. McClymonds, 1981. A poten-
tiometric study of the corrosion of Ni-Resist in seawater. Corrosion, 37(8):485-488. Marathon Oil Co., Denver Res. Center, Littleton, Colo., USA.
OLR (1982) 29 (2) 89
82:0711 Jeng, Woei-Lih, 1980. Marine organic films and
corrosion on metallic surfaces. Acta oceanogr. taiwan., 11:118-128.
Prior to commercial adoption of OTEC systems, major problems of biofouling and corrosion of the metal heat exchangers must be overcome. Growth rates of primary organic fouling films were inves- tigated and factors governing associated corrosion
were assessed. Inst. of Oceanography, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan. (bwt)
82:0712 Liebert, B.E., K. Sethuramalingam and Jorn
Larsen-Basse, 1981. Corrosion effects in OTEC heat exchanger materials. Mater. Perform., 20(8):22-28. Dept. of Mech. Eng., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
D. SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
D10. Apparatus and methods
82:0713 Downing, J.P., R.W. Sternberg and C.R.B. Lister,
1981. New instrumentation for the investigation of sediment suspension processes in the shallow marine environment. Mar. Geol., 41(1/4): 19-34. Dept. of Oceanography, Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. 98195, USA.
82:0714 Mikhailov, O.V. and V.N. Soloviev, 1981. A method
of statistical zonation for the ocean bottom. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 258(4):972-976. (In Russian.)
82:0715 Reddering, J.S.V., 1981. A pre-split soft sediment
core tube [for unconsolidated sandy sediments in intertidal and shallow subtidal zones]. Sediment- ology, 28(4):483-485. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa.
82:0716 Schultheiss, P.J., 1981. Simultaneous measurement of
P & S wave velocities during conventional
laboratory soil testing procedures. Mar. Geo- technol., 4(4):343-367.
Piezoelectric bimorph elements are shown to be ideal transducers in laboratory cells to measure V s under different sediment loading conditions, thus clearing the way for a fuller understanding of the rela- tionships between dynamic and static elastic moduli essential to specifying the engineering characteristics of relatively incompetent submarine soils. Prelim- inary experiments with P and S suggest that the large differences between the moduli can be reduced by consideration not of the first arriving Pi 'liquid' wave, but of a slower Pf 'frame' wave. Inst. of Oceanog. Sci., Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, UK. (fcs)
$2:0717 Stanners, D.A. and S.R. Aston, 1981. An improved
method of determining sedimentation rates by the use of artificial radionudides. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 13(1):101-106.
The method uses regression analysis and test of best fit for applying nuclear waste discharge data to the quantitative determination of net sedimentation rates. The technique also measures the apparent
