OLR(1989)36(11) 963

C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

C10. Apparatus and methods

89:6232 Doff, D.H., 1989. Determination of bromine and

iodine in four marine sediment reference samples by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spec- trometry. Geostandards Newsl., 13(1):75-77. Dept. of Geol., Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.

89:6233 Ehrhardt, Manfred and Anthony Knap, 1989. A

direct comparison of UV fluorescence and GC/MS data of lipophiHc open-ocean seawater extracts. Mar. Chem., 26(3):179-188.

Fluorescence signals of lipophilic seawater extracts continue to be used for assessing concentrations of oil residues in seawater. However, spilled fossil fuels undergo changes in composition by partial evapo- ration and microbial as well as chemical degra- dation. Seawater may also contain recently bio- synthesized substances with fluorescence character- istics similar to or identical with those of oil residues. The relation of fluorescence signals of lipophilic extracts of seawater not obviously contaminated to compounds occurring in petroleum was established by comparison of UV fluorescence spectra and GC/MS data of hexane extracts from surface seawater in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. Inst. fur Meereskunde, Univ. of Kiel, Dusterbrooker, Weg 20, D-2300, Kiel, FRG.

89:6234 Itoh, Kazuo et al., 1989. Determination of selenium

(IV) and other forms of selenium dissolved in seawater by anion-exchange resin loaded with sulfonic acid derivative of bismuthiol-ll and hydride generation atomic-absorption spectrome- try. Z. analyt. Chem, 333(2):102-107. Environ. Poll. Res. Inst., City of Nagoya, 1-14 Chudo- cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457, Japan.

89:6235 Lavi, N. and Z.B. Alfassi, 1989. Determination of

trace elements Cd, Co, Mo, Se, Ti and V in natural waters by neutron activation analysis. J. radioanalyt, nuel. Chem, (Articles)130(l):71-80. Soreq Nuclear Res. Ctr., Yavne, Israel.

89:6236 Prangsma, G.J. and J.N. Roozekrans, 1989. Using

NOAA AVHRR imagery in assessing water

quality parameters. Int. J. Remote Sens., 10(4- 5):811-818.

Data obtained from the NOAA-TIROS/N Ad- vanced Very High Resolution Radiometer is ana- lyzed for its potential applicability to water quality monitoring of large water bodies (both marine and freshwater), as a possible replacement for CZCS data. The swath width, pixel size, and radiometric resolution of AVHRR are similar to those of CZCS, but the spectral resolution is much lower. Examples of applications of AVHRR data to water quality assessment are given, including total suspended matter and surface eyanobacterial patch studies. Royal Netherlands Meteorol. Inst., P.O. Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. (gsb)

89:6237 Schwedhelm, Edgar, Manfred Vollmer and Michael

Kersten, 1988. Determination of dissolved heavy metal gradients at the sediment-water interface by use of a diffusion-controlled sampler. Z. analyt. Chem, 332(7):756-763. (In German, English abstract.) Kersten: Arbeitsbereich Umwelt- schutztechnik, TU Hamburg-Harburg, Eissen- dorferstr. 40, D-2100 Hamburg 90, FRG.

89:6238 Sohrin, Yoshiki et al., 1989. Simultaneous deter-

ruination of tungsten and molybdenum in sea- water by catalytic current polarography after preconcentration on a resin column. Analytica chim. Acta, 218(1):25-35. Inst. for Chem. Res., Kyoto Univ., Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan.

C40. Area studies, surveys

89:6239 Blanchard, S.F., 1988. Dissolved silica in the tidal

Potomac River and Estuary, 1979-81 water years: a water-quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary. Wat.-Supply Pap., USGS, 2234- H :48pp.

89:6240 Bryantsev, V.A. et al., 1988. Variation in the upper

boundary of the hydrogen sulfide zone in the Black Sea: analysis of field observations and modeling results. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(2):180-185. Asov-Black Sea Res. Inst. of Fish. and Oceanogr., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

964 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1989) 36 ( I 1 )

C50. Seawater composition

89:6241 Veizer, Jan, 1989. Strontium isotopes in seawater

through time. A. Rev. Earth planet. Sci., 17:141- 167.

Following a brief overview of strontium isotope systematics, the 875r/86Sr ratios of present-day and paleo-seawater are discussed in detail, focusing on sources and oceanic fluxes, preservation and ex- traction of the Sr signal, and fluctuations on the order of 109 to ~ 106 years resolution. A number of practical applications of the Sr isotopic curve of seawater are described. Inst. fur Geol., Ruhr Univ., Postfach 10 21 48, 4630 Bochum i, FRG. (gsb)

89:6242 Walker, J.C.C. and K.C. Lohmann, 1989. Why the

oxygen isotopic composition of seawater changes with time. Geophys. Res. Letts, 16(4):323-326.

The oxygen isotopic composition of seawater is determined by interactions with fresh, silicate rocks. Interactions at high temperature, principally hydro- thermal interactions on the sea floor, make seawater isotopically heavier. Interactions at low temperature, including sea floor weathering but principally weath- ering of fresh, crystalline rocks on the continents, make seawater isotopically lighter. Evolution in tectonic style over the course of earth history, as fresh crystalline rocks have been blanketed by weathered sediments and deepening oceans have flooded the places where earth's internal heat is released at the surface, may have caused a change in the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater. Dept. of Geol. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

C80. Physical chemistry in seawater

89:6243 Bruland, K.W., 1989. Complexation of zinc by

natural organic ligands in the central North Pacific. LimnoL Oceanogr., 34(2):269-285. Ipst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

89:6244 Kump, L.R. and R.H. Byrne, 1989. Palladium

chemistry in seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol., 23(6):663-665.

The solution chemistry of Pd has been examined directly in seawater by ultraviolet absorbance spec- troscopy. Results indicate that chloride complexa- tion strongly suppresses the hydrolysis of Pd l+ in

seawater. At 25°C and salinity equal to 36, hydroxy complexes account for ~ 18% of the total Pd and the remainder is present principally as PdC14 l-. Strong similarities previously reported for Pd and Ni distributions in seawater appear to have dissimilar origins at the molecular level. The enormous reac- tivity of Pd 2+ relative to Ni l÷ appears to be moderated, in seawater, by extensive complexation of Pd 2+ with chloride ions. Byrne: Dept. of Mar. Sci, Univ. of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. S., St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.

89:6245 Mills, G.L., G.S. Douglas and J.C. Quinn, 1989.

Dissolved organic copper isolated by C~s reverse- phase extraction in an anoxic basin loated in the Pettaqnamscott River estuary. Mar. Chem., 26(3):277-288. Savannah River Ecol. Lab., Inst. of Ecol., Univ. of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken SC 29801, USA.

CII0. Radioactivity, radioisotopes

89:6246 Crespo, M.T. et al., 1989. On the concentration and

determination of plutonium in natural waters by adsorption on MnO 2 filters. J. radioanalyt, nucl. Chem, (Articles)130(1):99-110. Div. de Metrol., CIEMAT, Avda Complutense 22, 28040, Ma- drid, Spain.

89:6247 Duefias, C. and M.C. FernAndez Jim~nez, 1988.

Some considerations about the rate of t~msfer of radon across the sea-air interface. Revta Geofis., 44(2):219-224. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Dept. de Fiscia, Univ. de Malaga, Spain.

89:6248 Miyake, Yasuo et al., 1988. Contents of t37Cs,

plutonium and americium isotopes in the South- ern Ocean waters. Pap. Met. Geophys., Tokyo, 39(3):95-113.

Content and distribution of mCs, 238Pu, 239pu, 24°pu, 241pu, and 241Am on the Southern Ocean surface are reported. Water samples were collected south of Australia and New Zealand in 1977-78. mCs ranged 0.02-0.15 pCi L i, 239+240pu 0.2-2.5 × 104 pCi L I and 24~Am 0.2-0.5 x 104 pCi L -~. The ratio of 23Spu to 239+24°pu was 20-160%. Geochem. Res. Assoc., Koenji-kita, Suginami, Tokyo 166, Japan.

89:6249 Nies, Hartmut, 1988. The radioactive contamination

of the Baltic Sea during the years 198.3 to 1987

OLR (1989) 36 (11) C. Chemical Oceanography 965

and its radiological consequences. Dr. hydrogr. Z., 41(1):39-44.

The findings of Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut investigations into the distribution of radioactive substances in the Baltic Sea over a time span which includes the 1986 Chernobyl release are reviewed. Prior to the Chernobyl accident, radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing during the 1960s was the major source of Baltic Proper and northern Baltic radioactivity, while the western Baltic was influenced somewhat by transport of reprocessing plant-derived radionuclides from the North Sea through the Danish Straits. The April 1986 Cherno- byl accident resulted in both an increased and altered radionuclide inventory. Compared to these three major sources (testing fallout, contaminated water inflow, and Chernobyl fallout), local sources are insignificant. Worst case estimates of the annual effective radiation dose from consumption of Baltic Sea fish are on the order of 10% of the natural radiation dose. The consumption of Baltic seafood is therefore not deemed to be a health risk. (gsb)

C120. Dissolved gases

89:6250 Novi~, M., B. Pihlar and M. Dular, 1988. Use of flow

injection analysis based on iodometry for auto- marion of dissolved oxygen OVinider method) and chemical oxygen demand (dichromate method) determinations. Z. analyt. Chem., 332(7):750-755. Boris Kidri~ inst. of Chem., Ljubljana, Yugo- slavia.

89:6251 Revsbech, N.P., 1989. An oxygen microsensor with a

guard cathode. Limnol. Oceanogr, 34(2):474-478.

A new oxygen microsensor has an internal guard cathode that removes all oxygen diffusing toward the sensor from the internal electrolyte. It exhibits unprecedented signal stability and is easy to con- struct. The high stability may make the use of such microsensors advantageous for routine environmen- tal applications. Dept. of Ecol. and Genetics, Univ. of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Denmark.

C130. Organic compounds 89:6252

Bobyleva, N.V. and Ye.A. Romankevich, 1988. Liguln in bottom sediments of the southeastern

Baltic Sea. Oceanology (a translation of Okeano- logiia), 28(2): 186-191. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

89:6253 Bourbonniere, R.A., 1989. Distribution patterns of

dissolved organic matter fractions in natural waters from eastern Canada. Org. Geochem., 14(1):97-107. Natl. Water Res. Inst., Rivers Res. Branch, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.

89:6254 Karl, D.M. and M.D. Bailiff, 1989. The measurement

and distribution of dissolved nucleic acids in aquatic environments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34(3): 543-558.

A new method for quantitative determination of dissolved DNA and RNA in water and sediment samples was developed, evaluated, and used in a study of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Under appropriate conditions, dissolved DNA and RNA are removed from solution with addition of cetyltri- methylammonium bromide, forming insoluble CTA-nucleic acid salts which are collected and analyzed for DNA and RNA with fluorometric and colorimetric procedures, respectively. The method is simple, reliable and reproducible. Dept. of Oceanogr. and Hawaii Inst. of Geophys., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822.

89:6255 Kondrat'yev, K.Ya., A.A. Gitel'son and G.A. Dubo-

vitskiy, 1988. A remote method of determiulng the concentrations of dissolved organic matter in aquatic ecosystems. Dokl. Earth Sci. Sect. (a translation of Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR), 295(1- 6):33-35. Inst. of Limnol., Acad. of Sci., Lenin- grad, USSR.

89:6256 Nandakumar, K., N.B. Bhosle and A.B. Wagh, 1988.

Distribution of particulate carbohydrate in the eastern Arabian Sea along 15°N. Indian J. mar. Sci., 17(3):238-239.

The concentration of particulate carbohydrate var- ied from 38-158 txg L ~ and 19-239 #g -qn shelf and slope waters respectively. At 10 m, the concentration of particulate carbohydrate increased with distance from the shore and the values generally decreased with depth. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.

89:6257 Sarma, N.S. and I.N. Rao, 1988. Organic constit-

uents of burlMmr and coastal sodinmnts of Visak-

966 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1989) 36 (11)

hapatnam, east coast of India. Indian J. mar. Sci., 17(4):287-290. School of Chem., Andhra Univ., Waltair 530 003, India.

C140. Nutrients

89:6258 Cerco, C.F., 1989. Measured and modelled effects of

temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrient con- centration on sediment-water nutrient exchange. Hydrobiologia, 174(3): 185-194.

The model and observations of Gunston Cove, Virginia, sediments indicated release of NH4 + was enhanced by high temperature and low DO. Uptake of N O 3 w a s enhanced primarily by high N O 3- and to a lesser extent by high temperature and low DO. Direction of PO43 flux depended on concentration in the water; release was enhanced by low DO, and no temperature effect was observed. Mail Stop ES-Q, U.S. Army Engr Waterways Exp. Sta., P.O. Box 631, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.

89:6259 Craft, C.B., S.W. Broome and E.D. Seneca, 1989.

Exchange of ni~ogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon between transplanted marshes and estu- mine waters. J. environ. Qual., 18(2):206-211.

The hydrologic flux was controlled by pumping estuarine water in and out (with a 24 h holding period) of two transplanted marsh sites in North Carolina. Outflow waters were higher in dissolved organic C than inflow waters, which were higher in phosphate. Maximum phosphate uptake by the marshes occurred in summer; ammonium was also imported. Ammonium and phosphate import by the transplanted marshes is believed to be the result of the small nutrient reservoirs and lack of reducing conditions in these young systems. Dept. of Soil Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. (gsb)

89:6260 de Jonge, V.N. and L.A. Villerius, 1989. Possible role

of carbonate dissolution in estuarine phosphate dynamics. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34(2):332-340.

Field observations on phosphate distribution in the Eros Estuary show a nonconservative concentration gradient, with high summer values in the middle reaches. Experiments indicate the existence of two antagonistic mechanisms regulating the P cycle. The processes of sediment transport and phosphate adsorption and desorption favor accumulation of marine phosphates as well as retention of fluvial phosphates in the estuary. Rijkswaterstaat, Tidal

Waters Div., P.O. Box 207, 9750 AE Haren, Netherlands.

89:6261 Glibert, P.M., Chris Garside (comment), R.B.

Hanson and C.Y. Robertson (reply), 1989. Discussion on 'Spring recycling rates of ammo- nium in turbid continental shelf waters off the southeastern United States.' Continent. Shelf Res., 9(2): 197-201.

89:6262 Klump, J.V. and C.S. Martens, 1989. The seasonality

of nutrient regeneration in an organic-rich coastal sediment: kinetic modeling of changing pore- water nutrient and sulfate distributions. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34(3):559-577.

Measured pore-water concentration profiles for dissolved ammonium, phosphate, total inorganic carbon, and sulfate show a seasonal cycle in rates of microbially mediated organic matter oxidation in sediments at Cape Lookout Bight, North Carolina. The depth and temperature dependence of measured production and consumption rates, adsorption co- efficients, apparent diffusion coefficients, and sed- iment porosities were combined to construct a diagenetic model of ammonium production, Y.CO 2 production, and sulfate reduction that was time- temperature- and depth-dependent. Numerical pre- dictions of concentrations from a set of initial spring conditions agree well with measured pore-water profiles through summer and fall--the period of greatest change. Modeling also indicates that sim- pler, constant-porosity models give results that deviate <~4% from the predictions of complex models. Ctr. for Great Lakes Studies, Dept. of Geosci. and Biol. Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Mil- waukee, WI 53201, USA.

89:6263 Scudlark, J.R. and T.M. Church, 1989. The sedi-

mentary flux of nutrients at a Delaware salt marsh site: a geochemical perspective. Bio- geochem., 7(1):55-75.

An approach that compares potential sediment nutrient fluxes (predicted form pore water concen- tration gradients with a modified diffusion model) to empirically determined fluxes is used to assess the relative importance of various sedimentary proc- esses. The results suggest that geochemical processes are the primary determinants of silicate and phos- phate fluxes, whereas nitrogen compounds show seasonal patterns related to microbial activity. Observed differences between potential and actual export of nutrients indicate extensive recycling

OLR (1989) 36 ( 11 ) C. Chemical Oceanography 967

within the marsh. College of Mar. Studies, Univ. of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA. (gsb)

Chem., 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA.

89:6264 Wulff, Fredrik and Anders Stigebrandt, 1989. A

time-dependent budget model for nutrients in the Baltic Sea. Global biogeochem. Cycles, 3(1):63-78. Inst. of Mar. Ecol., Asko Lab., Univ. of Stockholm, Sweden.

89:6267 Sapozhnikov, V.V. and A.F. Pasternak, 1988. De-

composition of fecal pellets during simulated sinking. Oceanology (a translation of Okeano- logiia), 28(2):244-248. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

C150. Particulate matter

89:6265 Downing, J.P. and R.A. Beach, 1989. Laboratory

apparatus for calibrating optical suspended solids sensors. Mar. Geol., 86(2-3):243-249.

An apparatus for testing and calibrating miniature to medium-sized optical suspended solids sensors is described. Stable suspensions of sedimentary par- ticles ranging in size from 10 6 to 4 x 10 -3 m can be produced in water with concentrations exceeding 100 g L ~. Flow velocities in the test volume can be varied continuously from 0.1 to 1.5 m s -~ and samples of suspensions can be withdrawn directly with a peristaltic pump for gravimetric and particle size analyses. The apparatus has been used to evaluate the effects of particle size, flow speed and air bubbles on the performance of optical back- scatterance sensors and transmissometers. Battelle Mar. Sci. Lab., 439 West Sequim Bay Rd., Sequim, W A 98382, USA.

89:6266 Matrai, P.A., 1989. Determination of sulfur in ocean

particulates by combustion-fluorescence. Mar. Chem, 26(3):227-238.

A method for determination of organic sulfur at the sub-microgram level in particulate matter in marine waters is described. Particulate matter is collected on filters and combusted at high temperature in an argon-oxygen atmosphere, converting all sulfur- containing compounds to sulfur dioxide. Sulfur is detected by exposure of the resulting sulfur dioxide to UV light; this produces a fluorescent emission which is then quantified. The detection limit of the method is 0.01 /Lg S and the precision is 4-11%. Using this procedure, organic sulfur was determined in suspended matter collected in the Southern California Bight. RSMAS, Div. of Mar. and Atmos.

89:6268 Wakeham, S.G. and Cindy Lee, 1989. Organic

geochemistry of particulate matter in the ocean: the role of particles in oceanic sedimentary cycles. Org. Geochem., 14(1):83-96.

Organic matter undergoes many diagenetic changes during transport through the water column. Only a small fraction of organic matter produced in surface waters reaches the sea floor to be incorporated into the sediments, and it is subject to considerable transformation by heterotrophic organisms. The initial structures of individual compounds can be altered and the proportion of various compounds and compound classes can change as a result of varying stabilities. Results of studies of the organic geochemistry of suspended and sinking particles are summarized and new results for amino acids, fatty acids, sterols and steroidal ketones from north of Hawaii are presented. Skidaway Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, G A 31416, USA.

89:6269 Wells, J.T., 1988. Distribution of suspended sediment

in the Korea Strait and southeastern Yellow Sea: onset of winter monsoons. Mar. Geol., 83(1- 4):273-284.

The onset of monsoon winds in late October initiates sediment resuspension, vertical mixing of suspended sediments, and a wind-driven coastal current that flows to the south. During the summer to winter transition, suspended sediment concentrations in the southeastern Yellow Sea range from 5-100 mg/L at the surface and 5-500 mg/L at the bottom. Whereas a late onset of monsoon winds allows waters to remain longer in their moderately stratified summer condition, an early onset of monsoon winds tends to destratify the water column by mid-November, resulting in a nearly uniform high concentration of suspended sediment from surface to bottom. The band of more turbid coastal water ends abruptly 25-50 km offshore as a turbidity front in waters 20-80 m deep. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of North Carolina, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.

968 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (I 989) 36 (1 I)

C180. Geochemistry, biogeochemistry (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEO- PHYSICS)

89:6270 Andreichev, V.L., 1988. Determination of the primary

strontium-isotope ratio. DokL Earth Sci. Sect. (a translation of Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR), 295(1- 6):224-227. Inst. of Geol., Komi Branch, Acad. of Sci., Syktyvkar, USSR.

89:6271 Christensen, J.P., 1989. Sulfate reduction and carbon

oxidation rates in continental shelf sediments, an examination of o!|shelf carbon transport. Con- tinent. Shelf Res., 9(3):223-246,

Profiles of redox sensitive solutes in Gulf of Maine sediments confirmed that sulfate reduction was probably the major mechanism of organic matter oxidation below the upper 2 cm. Sulfate reduction rates integrated over the upper 30 cm, decreased exponentially with water column depth from 20,000 to 1800 pmol sulfate cm 2 h ~ between 50 and 300 m. For the entire gulf, the areal mean rate of carbon oxidation by sulfate reduction was 20.4 g C m -2 y-~. Sediment respiration and burial rates closely bal- anced the carbon input, indicating no significant export of organic material. Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sci., West Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575, USA.

89:6272 Dyrssen, David and Margareta Wedborg, 1989. The

state o! dissolved trace sulphide in seawater. Mar. Chem, 26(3):289-293.

The present calculations, as well as previous work by Dyrssen (1985, 1988), reveal a sensitivity of sulphide speciation results not only to the total concentrations of sulphide complexing trace metals but also to the values used for complexation constants. To increase the reliability of the estimations it is desirable that the stability constants of the complexes be exper- imentally determined, for which the pH2S electrode should be useful. Dept. of Analyt. and Mar. Chem., Univ. of Goteborg, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden.

89:6273 Francois, R., 1988. A study on the regulation of the

concentrations of some trace metals (Rb, Sr, Zn, Pb, Cu, V, Cr, Ni, Mn and Mo) in Saanich inlet sediments, British Columbia, Canada. Mar. Geol., 83(!-4):285-308. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

89:6274 Froelich, P.N., R.A. Mortlock and A. Shemesh,

1989. Inorganic germanium and silica in the

Indian Ocean: biological fractionation during (Ge/Si)ov~ I formation. Global biogeochem. Cycles, 3(1):79-88. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Pal- isades, NY 10964, USA.

89:6275 Golitsyna, V.V., 1988. Correlation between rate of

accumulation of bottom sediments and distribu- tion of amino acids and reduced forms of sulfur in them (in the zone of the Canary Upwelling). Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(2): 192-198.

The amino acid composition of bottom sediments on the northwestern continental slope of Africa is determined. A correlation similar to that found earlier in the Caspian sediments between the type of amino acid spectra of Atlantic sediments and the distribution of reduced forms of sulfur in them is found. These correlations result from the geochem- ical activity of the benthic biocoenosis, which transforms sulfur compounds. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

89:6276 Goossens, H. et al., 1989. Lipids and their mode of

occurrence in bacteria and sediments. I. A methodological study of the lipid composition of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus LIVID 79-41. Org. Geochem., 14(1): 15-25.

A general analytical procedure distinguishing dif- ferent modes of occurrence of lipids is described. Under alkaline conditions not all lipid moieties were released whereas acid hydrolysis generated artifi- cially formed esters. Artefact formation was mini- mized by saponification after the acid treatment. Maximal information is obtained by a sequence of extractions and hydrolyses. Delft Hydraulics, Water Res. and Environ. Div., P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, Netherlands.

89:6277 Goossens, H. et al., 1989. Lipids and their mode of

occurrence in bacteria and sediments. II. Lipids in the sediment of a stratified, freshwater lake. Org. Geochem., 14(1):27-41. Delft Hydraulics, Water Res. and Environ. Div., P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, Netherlands.

89:6278 Hines, M.E., S.L. Knollmeyer and J.B. Tugel, 1989.

Sulfate reduction and other sedimentary bin- geochemistry in a northern New England salt marsh. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34(3):578-590.

During 1984, rapid temporal changes in below- ground biogeochemical processes coincided with

O LR (1989) 36 (I 1) C. Chemical Oceanography 969

changes in Spartina alterniflora physiology. Rates of S042 reduction increased fivefold when plants began elongating, but decreased fourfold upon flowering. Sulfide concentrations were highest in soils inhabited by tallest plants. During 1985, S. alterniflora became infested with fly larvae, and aboveground growth cessation was accompanied by decreased SO42 reduction rates similar to those noted during flow- ering in 1984, and porewater profiles resembled those of soils inhabited by the short form of S. alterniflora. S. patens rates were similar to those in S. alterniflora except that they did not increase greatly during elongation. Inst. for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.

89:6279 Matrai, P.A. and R.W. Eppley, 1989. Particulate

organic sulfur in the waters of the Southern California Bight. Global biogeochem. Cycles, 3(1):89-103. RSMAS, Univ. of Miami, FL 33149, USA.

89:6280 McCaffrey, M.A., J.W. Farrington and D.J. Repeta,

1989. Geochemical implications of the lipid composition of TMoploca spp. from the Peru upwelling region---15°S. Org. Geochem, 14(1): 61-68. Chem. Dept. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

89:6281 Metzl, Nicolas et al., 1989. Transport and carbon

exchanges in Red Sea [usingl inverse method- ology. Global biogeochem. Cycles, 3(1):1-26.

An inverse methodology is used to parameterize a two-season box model of the Red Sea using infor- mation contained in physical and biogeochemical tracer profiles. The circulation is reversed from one season to the next. The net biological exchanges (new production) of carbon are almost null for the organic processes (negative in summer, positive in winter); the budgets for mineral processes are negative for both seasons. This result is consistent with the view that carbonates play an important role in the carbon budget of the Red Sea. Two box designs are presented for summer; transport solu- tions are sensitive to the choice of box topology, whereas biochemical exchanges are not. Lab. de Phys. et Chimie Mar., Univ. P. et M. Curie, Paris, France.

89:6282 Quirke, J.M.E. et al., 1989. Studies on high carbon

number geoporphyrins by tandem mass spec- trometry. Org. Geochem., 14(1):43-50. Dept. of

Chem., Florida Intl. Univ., Tamiami Trail, Miami, FL 33199, USA.

89:6283 Whitcomb, J.H., R.D. Delaune and W.H. Patrick Jr.,

1989. Chemical oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur: its possible role in marsh energy flow. Mar. Chem., 26(3):205-214.

Elemental S was identified as the predominant material in the surface film commonly observed on water surfaces in Louisiana Gulf coast brackish and salt marshes. Sulfide, which diffuses from a reducing soil environment to oxygen-enriched surface waters and sediment, was rapidly chemically oxidized to elemental sulfur. This process is hypothesized as a possible pathway for energy flow in coastal marshes. Lab. for Wetland Soils and Sediments, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

89:6284 Whiting, G.J. et al., 1989. Nitrogen exchange between

a portion of vegetated salt marsh and the adjoining creek. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34(2):463- 473. Belle W. Baruch Inst. of Mar. Biol. and Coastal Res., Univ. of South Carolina, Colum- bia, SC 29208, USA.

C 2 1 0 . P o l l u t i o n (see also B350-Atmosphe r i c po l lu t ion , C l l 0 - R a d i o a c t i v i t y , r ad io i so - topes, E300-Ef fec t s of po l lu t ion , F 2 5 0 - W a s t e disposal)

89:6285 Bernardi, S. et al., 1988. A preliminary investigation

on the distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Cona tidal marsh (Venice Lagoon). Nuovo Cim., 11C(5-6):667-678. ISDGM, CNR, San Polo 1364, 30125 Venezia, Italy.

89:6286 Finney, Bruce and C.-A. Huh, 1989. High resolution

sedimentary records of heavy metals from the Santa Monica and San Pedro basins, California. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 20(4):181-187. Mar. Lab., Duke Univ., Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.

89:6287 Guiliano, M., P. Doumenq, A. Jawad and G. Mille,

1989. Structural characterization of aromatic isomers in marine sediments by combined gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spec- troscopy. Appl. Spectrosc, 43(3):571-573. Mille: Fac. des Sci. and Tech. de Saint-Jerome, Univ.

970 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1989) 36 ( I I )

d'Aix Marseille III, Ave. Escadrille Normandie- Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 13, France.

89:6288 Jonsson, Anders and Dag Broman, 1989. Natural

erosion on oil on rocky shores in non-tidal areas. Oil chem. Pollut., 5(4):273-284.

One year of weathering effects on heavy fuel oil, applied at different levels above mean water level to flat and steep rocks on four different shores in the non-tidal archipelago of Stockholm, has been stud- ied. After 12 months, moderately high and highly exposed rocks were almost free of oil between mean water level and 5 m above; significant weathering only occurred up to 0.5 m above mean water level on less exposed and flat sloping rock; and less exposed steep rock was oil free only at the mean water level. Results show that natural weathering can remove oil from certain levels on rocky shores in less than a year. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

89:6289 Knickmeyer, R. and H. Steinhart, 1988. The distri-

bution of cyclic organochlorines in North Sea sediments. Dt. hydrogr. Z , 41(1):1-21.

89:6290 Law, R.J. et al., 1989. The distribution of hydro-

carbons and metals in the northeastern Irish Sea prior to development of the Morecamhe Bay gas field. Oil chem. Pollut., 5(4):285-320.

Samples of subsurface water and surface sediments, collected from the northeastern Irish Sea before development of the Morecambe Bay gas field, have been analysed for hydrocarbons and metals. At selected stations, concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, Hg and Pb were determined in whole surface sediments, and with the exception of barium, in the sediment fine fraction. The results show widespread contamination by both metals and hydrocarbons, particularly south of the survey area. Estimates of the magnitude of metal input that may result from cuttings discharge during development of the gas field are compared with inputs from other sources, including sea disposal and river inputs. MAFF, Remembrance Ave., Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex CM0 8HA, UK.

89:6291 Marchetti, R., A. Provini and G. Crosa, 1989.

Nutrient load carried by the River Po into the Adriatic Sea, 1968--87. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 20(4): 168-172.

From data for orthophosphate phosphorus nitrates and ammonia collected from 1968-87 at the closure

section of the River Po Basin, we have evaluated the increase in nutrients carried into the Adriatic by the river. The load of orthophosphate phosphorus increased from 2000 t y r ~ in the years 1968-70 to 5000 t yr -~ in 1980 and the total mineral nitrogen from 50,000 t y r ~ to 100,000 t y r ~ in the same period. The possible causes of these increases and effects on the waters of the northern Adriatic are discussed. Biol. Dept., Univ. of Milan, Italy.

89:6292 P~lez-Osuna, Federico and J.I. Osuna-Lrpez, 1987.

Accumulation of heavy metals at Mitla: a tropical coastal lagoon. Cidnc. mar., Baja Calif., M~x., 13(3):97-112. (Spanish and English.) Univ. Nac. Auton. de Mexico, Inst. de Cinc. del Mar y Limnol., Apdo. P. 811, Mazatlan 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico.

89:6293 Paulson, A.J. et al., 1989. Separate dissolved and

particulate trace metal budgets for an estuarine system: an aid for management decisions. Envi- ron. Pollut., 57(4):317-339.

Municipal, industrial and atmospheric sources con- tributed ~66% of the total Pb added to Puget Sound's main basin. Advective inputs were the major sources of total Cu and Zn. Particulate anthropo- genic sources constituted 50%, 23%, and 18% of the total particulate Pb, Cu and Zn inputs, respectively. While advective transport was the major source of dissolved Cu and Zn, anthropogenic inputs con- tributed ~85%, 30%, and 38% of the dissolved Pb, Cu and Zn inputs, respectively. Because of the quasi-conservative nature of Cu and Zn, anthro- pogenic inputs were dispersed from the system more than contained in the main basin sediments. Much of the dissolved Pb discharged into the main basin was scavenged by particulates and retained in its sediments. PMEL, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.

89:6294 Senaratne, A. and C.B. Dissanayake, 1989. The

geochemistry of mercury in some coastal sedi- ments from Sri Lanka. Chem. Geol., 75(3):183- 190. Inst. fur Geowissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg Univ., D-6500 Mainz 1, FRG.

89:6295 Tully, Oliver and Dennis Morrissey, 1989. Baseline.

Concentrations of Dichlorvns in Beirtreach Bui Bay, Ireland. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 20(4):190-191. Dept. of Zool., Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.

OLR (1989)36(11) 971

C240. Corrosion

89:6296 Larsen-Basse, Jorn and Y.-H. Park, 1989. Corrosion

in slowly flowing ocean thermal energy conversion seawater. Mater. Perform., 28(2):46-51. George W. Woodruff School of Mech. Engng, Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA.

89:6297 Staff, 1989. 1989 corrosion engineering Buyer's

Guide. Directory of manufacturers, suppliers,

and consultants serving the corrosion engi- neering profession. Mater. Perform., 28(2, Part lI):ca.225pp.

This guide consists mainly of an index of manu- facturers and suppliers classified by products and services offered, covering everything from abrasives to wraps, including a number of coatings listings, and a classified list of corrosion consultants. There are also .indices of product names, locations and company headquarters, and of manufacturers, sup- pliers, and consultants (including addresses, tele- phone/telex/fax numbers, and names of contacts). (gsb)

D. SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

DI0. Apparatus and methods

89:6298 Greenbaum, D. and A.P. Cracknell (eds.), 1989.

Special issue. Advances in geological remote sensing. Int. J. Remote Sens., 10(3):451-581; 9 papers.

Selected papers from a December 1987 meeting held in Keyworth, Nottingham, augmented by several timely contributions to the journal, provide a cross-section of current applications of remotely- sensed imagery to geological problems. The editors note a bias toward the use of remote sensing data in arid and semi-arid terrains and a particular interest in new imaging spectrometers and thermal multi- spectral scanners. Geographic coverage is broad; examples include Pinacate volcanic field, Mexico; Archean lateritized terrain, Western Australia; Proterozoic rocks, southern Arabian shield; geo- botanical applications, Sutherland, Scotland; and radioactive veins in the El Erediya-E1 Missikat area, Egypt. Two papers which are not area specific, treat the use of TM imagery to detect effects of supergene weathering in arid climates and implications of a greenhouse experiment to assess infrared emission from soybeans. (hbf)

89:6299 Haas, A. and J.R. Viallix, 1989. Stochastic inversion

by ray continuation: application to seismic to- mography. Geophys. Prospect., 37(4):337-356. Elf Aquitaine, 64018 Pau Cedex, France.

89:6300 Ligi, Marco and Giovanni Bortoluzzi, 1989. PLOT-

MAP: geophysical and geological applications of good standard quality cartographic software. Computers, Geoseiences, 15(4):519-585.

An interactive computer program that plots data in geographical coordinates in the most used carto- graphic projections conforms to good cartographic standards and contains various drafting options. Its small size and transportability make it flexible and easily customized. PLOTMAP also is a preprocessor for more sophisticated spatial analysis systems, in that it creates and executes command procedures tailored to the user's input data, maintaining the graphic output in the selected projection domain. Mathematical expressions, examples of interactive sessions and the FORTRAN 77 source code are provided. The program can run in GKS and CALCOMP environments. Ist. per la Geol. Mar., CNR, Via Zamboni 65, 40127 Bologna, Italy.

89:6301 Martinotti. G.M. and Shoshana Boehm, 1988.

Computerized binsh'atigraphy. Newsl. Stratig., 20(1):7-19.

A method for computerizing biostratigraphic data is proposed. Different distribution charts of fossils are plotted, with taxa listed either in the order originally established by user, or in order of first or last occurrence; the order is arranged automatically. The complete specification of the taxa, comprising the