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24 pages M13/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/XX Thursday 16 May 2013 (afternoon) CHEMISTRY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Section A: answer all questions. Section B: answer one question. Write your answers in the boxes provided. A calculator is required for this paper. A clean copy of the Chemistry Data Booklet is required for this paper. The maximum mark for this examination paper is [50 marks]. 1 hour 15 minutes © International Baccalaureate Organization 2013 Examination code 2 2 1 3 6 1 1 7 Candidate session number 0 0 22136117 0124
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Page 1: CHEMISTRY Candidate session number STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 PAST PAPERS... · Thursday 16 May 2013 (afternoon) CHEMISTRY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 ... answer one question. • Write your

24 pages

M13/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/XX

Thursday 16 May 2013 (afternoon)

CHEMISTRYSTANDARD LEVELPAPER 2

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your session number in the boxes above.• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Section A: answer all questions.• Section B: answer one question.• Write your answers in the boxes provided.• A calculator is required for this paper.• A clean copy of the Chemistry Data Booklet is required for this paper.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [50 marks].

1 hour 15 minutes

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2013

Examination code

2 2 1 3 – 6 1 1 7

Candidate session number

0 0

22136117

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SECTION A

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

1. Iron tabletsareoftenprescribedtopatients. The iron in the tablets iscommonlypresentasiron(II)sulfate,FeSO4.

TwostudentscarriedoutanexperimenttodeterminethepercentagebymassofironinabrandoftabletsmarketedinCyprus.

Experimental Procedure:

• Thestudentstookfiveirontabletsandfoundthatthetotal masswas1.65g.

• The five tablets were ground and dissolved in 100cm3 dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq).Thesolutionandwashingsweretransferredtoa250cm3volumetricflaskandmadeuptothemarkwithdeionized(distilled)water.

• 25.0cm3 of this Fe2+(aq) solution was transferred using a pipette into a conical flask.Somedilutesulfuricacidwasadded.

• A titration was then carried out using a 5.00×10–3moldm–3 standard solution ofpotassiumpermanganate,KMnO4(aq). Theend-pointof the titrationwas indicatedbyaslightpinkcolour.

Thefollowingresultswererecorded.

Rough titre First accurate titre

Second accurate titre

Initial burette reading / cm3± 0.05 1.05 1.20 0.00

Final burette reading /cm3± 0.05 20.05 18.00 16.80

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(Question 1 continued)

(a) When the 2Fe (aq)+ solution wasmade up in the 250cm3 volumetric flask, deionized(distilled)waterwasaddeduntilthebottomofitsmeniscuscorrespondedtothegraduationmarkontheflask.Itwasnoticedthatoneofthetwostudentsmeasuredthevolumeofthesolutionfromthetopofthemeniscusinsteadoffromthebottom.Statethenameofthistypeoferror. [1]

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(b) Statewhatismeantbythetermprecision. [1]

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(c) Whenthestudentsrecordedtheburettereadings,followingthetitrationwithKMnO4(aq),thetopofthemeniscuswasusedandnotthebottom.Suggestwhythestudentsreadthetopofthemeniscusandnotthebottom. [1]

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(Question 1 continued)

(d) Thisexperimentinvolvesthefollowingredoxreaction.

2 3 24 25Fe (aq) MnO (aq) 8H (aq) 5Fe (aq) Mn (aq) 4H O(l)+ − + + ++ + → + +

(i) Definethetermreductionintermsofelectrons. [1]

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(ii) DeducetheoxidationnumberofmanganeseintheMnO4–(aq)ion. [1]

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(e) (i) Determinetheamount,inmol,ofMnO4–(aq),usedineachaccuratetitre. [2]

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(ii) Calculatetheamount,inmol,ofFe2+(aq)ionsin250cm3ofthesolution. [1]

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(Question 1 continued)

(iii) Determinethetotalmassofiron,ing,inthe250cm3solution. [1]

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(iv) Determinethepercentagebymassofironinthetablets. [1]

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(f) (i) Onetitrationwasabandonedbecauseabrownprecipitate,manganese(IV)oxide,formed.Statethechemicalformulaofthiscompound. [1]

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(ii) Suggestareasonwhymanganese(IV)oxideformedinsteadofMn2+(aq). [1]

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2. (a) Thestandardenthalpychangeofthreecombustionreactionsaregivenbelow.

12 2 22H (g) O (g) H O(l)+ →

1286kJmolH −∆ = −

3 8 2 2 2C H (g) 5O (g) 3CO (g) 4H O(l)+ → + 12219kJmolH −∆ = −

2 2C(s) O (g) CO (g)+ → 1394kJmolH −∆ = −

Determinethechangeinenthalpy, H∆ ,inkJmol–1,fortheformationofpropaneinthefollowingreaction.

2 3 83C(s) 4H (g) C H (g)+ → [4]

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(b) A catalyst provides an alternative pathway for a reaction, lowering the activationenergy,Ea.Definethetermactivation energy,Ea. [1]

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(Question 2 continued)

(c) SketchtwoMaxwell–Boltzmannenergydistributioncurvesforafixedamountofgasattwodifferenttemperatures,T1andT2(T2>T1)andlabelbothaxes. [3]

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3. Acidsplayakeyroleinprocessesineverydaylife.

(a) Thewineindustryisimportanttotheeconomyofmanycountries.Winecontainsethanol.InalaboratoryinChile,chemiststestedthepHofabottleofwinewhenopenedandfoundittohaveapHof3.8.Afterafewdays,thepHhaddecreasedto2.8.

(i) Deducethechangeinhydrogenionconcentration,[H+]. [1]

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(ii) State the name of the compound formed that is responsible for this decreasedpHvalue. [1]

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(b) Sulfuricacidpresentinacidraincandamagebuildingsmadeoflimestone.Predictthebalancedchemicalequationforthereactionbetweenlimestoneandsulfuricacidincludingstatesymbols. [2]

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4. Intermolecularforcesareattractiveforcesbetweenmolecules.

(a) Identifytheintermolecularforcespresentinhydrogeniodideintheliquidstate,HI(l). [1]

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(b) Considerthecompounds(CH3)2NHandCH4.

(i) Deduce the full structural formula for both compounds, showing all thebondspresent. [2]

(CH3)2NH CH4

(ii) Stateandexplainwhichcompoundcanformhydrogenbondswith water. [2]

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(Question 4 continued)

(iii) Draw a diagram showing the resulting hydrogen bonds between water and thecompoundchosenin(ii). [1]

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SECTION B

Answer one question. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

5. Ionicbondingandcovalentbondingaretwotypesofbonding.

(a) (i) Ionicbondingoccursinsodiumchloride.Describewhatismeantbythetermionic bonding. [1]

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(ii) Sodium chloride has a lattice structure. Describe the lattice structure ofsodium chloride including a suitable representative three-dimensional diagram.Onthediagram,labeleachionanddistinguishbetweenthedifferenttypesofionspresentusingdifferentsizedspheres. [4]

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(iii) Ammonium phosphate is also an ionic compound, used in the manufactureoffertilizers.Statethechemicalformulaofammoniumphosphate. [1]

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(Question 5 continued)

(b) Consider themolecules sulfur difluoride, SF2, boron trifluoride,BF3, and phosphorustrichloride,PCl3.

(i) DeducetheLewis(electrondot)structureandpredicttheshapeofeachmolecule,usingthevalenceshellelectronpairrepulsiontheory(VSEPR). [6]

SF2 BF3 PCl3

Lewis (electron dot)

structure

Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) StateandexplaintheF–S–FbondangleinSF2. [3]

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(Question 5 continued)

(iii) Deducewhether each of the threemolecules is polar or non-polar, giving yourreasonineachcase. [3]

SF2:

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BF3:

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PCl3:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Question 5 continued)

(c) Using electronegativity values from Table 7 of the Data Booklet, state and explainwhich of the following compounds, IBr, BaCl2, CsI and HBr are ionic and whichcompoundsarecovalent. [2]

IBr:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BaCl2:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CsI:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HBr:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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6. ChlorineoccursinGroup7,thehalogens.

(a) Twostableisotopesofchlorineare35Cland37Clwithmassnumbers35and37respectively.

(i) Definethetermisotopesof an element. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the isotopes 35Cland37Cl. [2]

Isotope Number of protons

Number of neutrons

Number of electrons

35Cl

37Cl

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(Question 6 continued)

(iii) Using the mass numbers of the two isotopes and the relative atomic mass ofchlorinefromTable5oftheDataBooklet,determinethepercentageabundanceofeachisotope. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percentageabundance35Cl:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percentageabundance37Cl:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Deducetheelectronarrangementforthechlorideion,Cl–. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Question 6 continued)

(b) Chlorinehasanelectronegativityvalueof3.2onthePaulingscale.

(i) Definethetermelectronegativity. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) UsingTable7oftheDataBooklet,explainthetrendsinelectronegativityvaluesoftheGroup7elementsfromFtoI. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) State the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of potassium bromide,KBr(aq),withchlorine,Cl2(aq). [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Describethecolourchangelikelytobeobservedinthisreaction. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Question 6 continued)

(c) Chloroethene, H2C=CHCl, the monomer used in the polymerization reaction in themanufactureofthepolymerpoly(chloroethene),PVC,canbesynthesizedinthefollowingtwo-stagereactionpathway.

Stage1: 2 4 2 2 2C H (g) Cl (g) ClCH CH Cl(g)+ →

Stage2: 2 2 2ClCH CH Cl(g) H C=CHCl(g) HCl(g)→ +

(i) StateoneuseoftheplasticPVC. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Determine the enthalpy change, ∆H, in kJmol–1, for stage 1 using averagebondenthalpydatafromTable10oftheDataBooklet. [3]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Question 6 continued)

(iii) Statewhetherthereactiongiveninstage1isexothermicorendothermic. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Drawthestructureofpoly(chloroethene)showingtworepeatingunits. [1]

(v) Suggest why monomers are often gases or volatile liquids whereas polymersaresolids. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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7. (a) Cortisoneisatherapeuticdrugwhosethree-dimensionalstructureisrepresentedbelow.

C

CC

CC

C

CC

C

C

CC

C

CC

C

CC

C

C

C

O

O

OO

O

HH

HH

H

HH

H

H

HH

H

H

HH

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H H

(i) Identifythenamesoftwofunctionalgroupspresentincortisone. [2]

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Drawacirclearoundeachofthesetwofunctionalgroupsinthestructureaboveandlabelthem1and2asidentifiedin(a)(i). [1]

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(Question 7 continued)

(b) Describewhatismeantbythetermstructural isomers. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) CompoundPhasthefollowingthree-dimensionalstructure.

HH

H

H

H

H

H

H

CC

CC

P

(i) ApplyIUPACrulestostatethenameofP. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) X isastraight-chainstructuralisomerofP. Drawthestructureof X. [1]

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(Question 7 continued)

(iii) State the structural formula of the organic products, Q and R formed in thefollowingreactions. [2]

CH3CH=CHCH32 4

2

(1) concentratedH SO (aq)

(2) H O(l)→ Q

Q:

CH3CH=CHCH3 2catalystH (g)+ → R

R:

(iv) IdentifyasuitablecatalystusedinthereactiontoformR. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Question 7 continued)

(v) P, CH3CH=CHCH3, reacts with HBr to form CH3CHBrCH2CH3. Suggest onesuitablemechanism for the reaction ofCH3CHBrCH2CH3with aqueous sodiumhydroxide,usingcurlyarrowstorepresentthemovementofelectronpairs. [4]

(vi) State thestructural formulaof theorganicproduct formed,S,whenQ isheatedunderrefluxwithacidifiedpotassiumdichromate(VI). [1]

(vii) ApplyIUPACrulestostatethenameofthisproduct,S. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Question 7 continued)

(viii)P can undergo a polymerization reaction. Draw two repeating units of theresultingpolymer. [1]

(d) Mentholcanbeusedincoughmedicines.Thecompoundcontains76.84%C,12.92%Hand10.24%Obymass.

(i) Determineitsempiricalformula. [3]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Determineitsmolecularformulagiventhatitsmolarmassis 1156.30gmolM −= . [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Recommended