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DefinitionsDefinitions
Organic compound – a molecular Organic compound – a molecular compound of carboncompound of carbon
Hydrocarbon – compounds that are Hydrocarbon – compounds that are formed from carbon and hydrogenformed from carbon and hydrogen
Carbon and hydrogen account for 90% Carbon and hydrogen account for 90% of all the biological matter on EARTH!of all the biological matter on EARTH!
Synthetic Organic Synthetic Organic CompoundsCompounds
Medicines - painkillers, cough Medicines - painkillers, cough syrup, antidepressantssyrup, antidepressants
Perfumes, food flavouringsPerfumes, food flavourings Materials – rubber, plasticMaterials – rubber, plastic Fabrics – nylon, polyesterFabrics – nylon, polyester
Sources of HydrocarbonsSources of Hydrocarbons
WoodWood Fermentation of plantsFermentation of plants Fossil fuelsFossil fuels
• Petroleum (crude oil) – formed from Petroleum (crude oil) – formed from the remains of marine-based the remains of marine-based microscopic plantsmicroscopic plants
• Coal – formed from remains of land-Coal – formed from remains of land-based plantsbased plants
Properties of CarbonProperties of Carbon
1.1. Carbon has four bonding electrons.Carbon has four bonding electrons.
2.2. Carbon can form strong single, Carbon can form strong single, double, and triple bonds with itself.double, and triple bonds with itself.
3.3. Carbon atoms can bond together to Carbon atoms can bond together to form a variety of geometrical form a variety of geometrical structuresstructures
Representing Structures and Representing Structures and bondingbonding
1.1. Expanded molecular formulaExpanded molecular formula• Shows the groupings of atomsShows the groupings of atoms
Example: propane Example: propane
– – CC33HH8,8, the chemical formula, does not the chemical formula, does not show how atoms are bonded togethershow how atoms are bonded together
-expanded molecular formula - CH-expanded molecular formula - CH3 3 CHCH2 2 CHCH33
illustrates the atomic arrangementillustrates the atomic arrangement
IsomersIsomers
• Isomers – compounds that have the Isomers – compounds that have the same formula, but different same formula, but different structural arrangementstructural arrangement
Example: How many isomers are there Example: How many isomers are there for Cfor C55HH1414??
Answer: 5Answer: 5
2.2. Using structural Using structural models to models to represent represent HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
o 3D representation 3D representation of the structure of of the structure of the compoundthe compound
3.3. Using Structural Diagrams to Using Structural Diagrams to represent hydrocarbonsrepresent hydrocarbons
Complete structural diagram – shows how all atoms are bonded to one another
Condensed StructuralDiagram-shows bonds betweenthe carbon atoms but not between the carbon and hydrogenatoms
Line structural diagram- End of each line, and the points at which the lines meet, represent carbon atoms