Child labour

Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys- MICS3Analysis and Report Writing Workshop

Panama City, July 12-20, 2006

Indicators

1. Percentage of children 5-14 years of age involved in child labour activities

2. Labourer students

3. Student labourers

Goals World Fit for Children (WFFC)Protect children against abuse, exploitation and violence. Under general protection nine strategies are mentioned to combat child labour

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

The Millennium Declaration calls for the protection of children against abuse, exploitation and violence but no goal, target or indicator is included

Why to measure child labour?

Reasons:

• Identify the magnitude of the problem as well as its characteristics• Evaluate impact of programs and interventions based on trends

Data sources/methods

• Administrative records• Population census• Household surveys• Other surveys

The MICS3 approach

• Estimation of indicator based on household survey data• Present results by background variables to localize the problem• Promote the design and implementation of further analysis of the main determinants of child labour to help the design of policies and the development of programs and interventions

Child labour

Numerator:Ages 5-11

at least one hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores per

weekAges 12-14

at least 14 hours of economic activity orat least 28 hours of household chores per

weekEconomic activity of children is defined as any paid or

unpaid work for someone who is not a member of the household, or other family work

Denominator: All children 5-14 years of age

CHILD LABOUR MODULE CL TO BE ADMINISTERED TO MOTHER/CARETAKER OF EACH CHILD IN THE HOUSEHOLD AGE 5 THROUGH 14 YEARS. FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS BELOW AGE 5 OR ABOVE AGE 14, LEAVE ROWS BLANK. NOW I WOULD LIKE TO ASK ABOUT ANY WORK CHILDREN IN THIS HOUSEHOLD MAY DO.

CL1. LINE NO.

CL2. NAME

CL3. DURING THE PAST

WEEK, DID (name) DO

ANY KIND OF WORK FOR SOMEONE WHO IS NOT A

MEMBER OF THIS

HOUSEHOLD? If yes: FOR PAY IN CASH

OR KIND? 1 YES, FOR PAY (CASH OR KIND) 2 YES, UNPAID 3 NO TO CL5

CL4. IF YES:

SINCE LAST (day of the week), ABOUT HOW MANY

HOURS DID HE/SHE

DO THIS WORK FOR

SOMEONE WHO IS

NOT A MEMBER OF

THIS HOUSEHOLD? IF MORE THAN ONE JOB, INCLUDE ALL HOURS AT ALL JOBS. RECORD RESPONSE THEN CL.6

CL5. AT ANY TIME

DURING THE PAST

YEAR, DID (name)

DO ANY KIND OF

WORK FOR

SOMEONE WHO IS

NOT A MEMBER OF

THIS HOUSEHOLD? If yes: FOR PAY IN

CASH OR KIND? 1 YES, FOR PAY (CASH OR KIND) 2 YES, UNPAID 3 NO

CL6. DURING THE PAST

WEEK, DID (name)

HELP WITH

HOUSEHOLD

CHORES SUCH AS SHOPPING, COLLECTING

FIREWOOD, CLEANING, FETCHING WATER, OR CARING FOR CHILDREN? 1 YES 2 NO TO CL8

CL7. If yes:

SINCE LAST (day of the week), ABOUT HOW MANY

HOURS DID HE/SHE

SPEND DOING

THESE CHORES?

CL8. DURING THE PAST

WEEK, DID (name)

DO ANY OTHER

FAMILY WORK (ON

THE FARM OR IN A BUSINESS OR

SELLING GOODS IN

THE STREET?) 1 YES 2 NO NEXT LINE

CL9. If yes:

SINCE LAST (day of the week), ABOUT HOW MANY

HOURS DID HE/SHE

DO THIS WORK?

LINE YES YES NO. NAME PAID UNPAID NO PAID PAID UNPAID NO YES NO NO. HOURS YES NO NO. HOURS

01 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

02 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

03 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

04 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

05 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

06 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

07 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

08 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

09 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

10 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

11 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

12 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

13 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

14 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

15 1 2 3 ____ ____ 1 2 3 1 2 ____ ____ 1 2 ____ ____

Child labour in CEE/CIS(MICS2 1999-2001)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Romania

Azerbaijan

Bosnia&Her.

Uzbekistan

Tajikistan

Albania

Rep.of Moldova

SPSS Program

• Generates basic table: CP 2• Percent of children 5-14 years of age involved in

child labour activities

Table CP.2: Child labourPercentage of children aged 5-14 years who are involved in child labour activities by type of work, Country, Year

1.4 2.2 4.6 1.6 9.4 5796

1.4 2.1 6.0 1.4 10.6 5246

.1 .2 .4 1.8 2.5 862

2.6 3.2 4.5 1.6 11.5 4118

1.3 1.5 6.3 2.5 11.1 3129

.2 1.0 6.0 .2 7.4 2663

.8 12.1 13.3 .8 23.4 270

1.7 1.8 2.4 2.6 8.1 2861

1.3 2.3 6.2 1.1 10.6 8181

1.0 2.3 2.2 1.2 6.4 7678

2.3 1.8 12.1 2.3 18.1 3364

1.7 2.5 6.5 1.6 11.8 8315

.5 1.1 1.5 1.4 4.4 2728

1.7 2.3 2.2 3.0 9.0 688

3.3 .9 3.0 1.8 9.1 165

1.4 2.2 5.5 1.4 10.1 10189

2.6 2.2 8.9 1.5 14.6 2415

1.4 2.1 5.8 2.3 11.2 2391

1.0 3.1 5.9 .9 10.6 2131

.7 1.6 3.3 1.1 6.5 2023

1.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 6.0 2083

1.0 2.1 4.9 1.6 9.3 8171

2.6 1.4 5.8 1.5 10.8 2630

.0 5.7 .0 1.1 6.8 40

.0 7.5 25.7 .0 32.0 38

1.3 12.5 13.6 .5 24.0 157

.0 50.0 .0 .0 50.0 7

1.4 2.2 5.3 1.5 10.0 11043

Male

Female

Sex

Dushanbe

Khatlon

Sogd

RRS

GBAO

Region

Urban

Rural

Residence

5-11 years

12-14 years

Age

Yes

No

School participation

None

Primary

Secondary +

Mother's education

Poorest

Second

Middle

Fourth

Richest

Wealth indexquintiles

Tajik

Uzbek

Russian

Kirgiz

Other

Missing

Mother tongue ofhead

Total

Paid work Unpaid work

Working outsidehousehold

Householdchores for

28+hours/week

Workingfor familybusiness

Total childlabour *

Number ofchildren aged

5-14 years

* MICS Indicator 71

Labourer students

Numerator:Number of children aged 5-14 years involved in child

labour activities (labourers) that attend school

Denominator: Total number of children aged 5-14 years involved in

child labour activities (labourers)

Students labourers

Numerator:Number of children aged 5-14 years attending school

that are involved in child labour activities

Denominator: Total number of children aged 5-14 years attending

school

SPSS Program

• Generates basic table: CP 3• Generates

– the percent of children 5-14 years of age involved in child labour activities (labourers) that also are attending school and

– The percent of children 5-14 years of age attending school who are also involved in child labour activities

Table CP.3: Labourer students and student labourersPercentage of children aged 5-14 years who are labourer students and student labourers, Country, Year

9.4 76.7 5796 90.8 544 11.1 4444

10.6 73.8 5246 87.3 558 12.6 3871

2.5 81.1 862 85.7 21 2.6 700

11.5 76.0 4118 89.7 473 13.6 3131

11.1 76.4 3129 87.3 349 12.7 2392

7.4 70.5 2663 89.9 196 9.4 1877

23.4 79.7 270 91.8 63 27.0 215

8.1 77.9 2861 74.3 232 7.7 2229

10.6 74.4 8181 93.0 870 13.3 6086

6.4 67.2 7678 89.8 494 8.6 5162

18.1 93.7 3364 88.4 608 17.1 3153

9.0 82.6 688 77.2 62 8.4 569

9.1 72.0 165 74.5 15 9.4 119

10.1 74.9 10189 90.0 1025 12.1 7628

14.6 73.8 2415 92.7 353 18.4 1782

11.2 73.4 2391 80.8 267 12.3 1755

10.6 73.7 2131 88.7 225 12.7 1572

6.5 75.5 2023 96.7 132 8.3 1528

6.0 80.6 2083 88.8 125 6.6 1678

9.3 74.2 8171 85.6 761 10.7 6061

10.8 78.2 2630 97.2 285 13.5 2058

6.8 79.2 40 100.0 3 8.6 32

32.0 73.5 38 90.2 12 39.2 28

24.0 82.6 157 95.1 38 27.7 130

50.0 100.0 7 100.0 3 50.0 7

10.0 75.3 11043 89.0 1102 11.8 8315

Male

Female

Sex

Dushanbe

Khatlon

Sogd

RRS

GBAO

Region

Urban

Rural

Residence

5-11 years

12-14 years

Age

None

Primary

Secondary +

Mother'seducation

Poorest

Second

Middle

Fourth

Richest

Wealthindexquintiles

Tajik

Uzbek

Russian

Kirgiz

Other

Missing

Mothertongue ofhead

Total

Percentageof children inchild labour *

Percentageof childrenattendingschool ***

Number ofchildren

aged 5-14

Percentageof child

labourerswho are also

attendingschool **

Number ofchild

labourersaged 5-14

Percentageof students

who are alsoinvolved inchild labour

****

Number ofstudentsaged 5-14

** MICS Indicator 72**** MICS Indicator 73

Methodological issues

• 28 hours as the cut-off for household chores• Gender issue• Shall we measure economic activity only?• Where do agencies (ILO and the World Bank)

stand on the child labour problem?• Presentation of results for disadvantaged groups

Child Labour, Education and thePrinciple of Non-Discrimination

Elizabeth D. Gibbons, Friedrich Huebler, and Edilberto Loaiza

Division of Policy and Planning, UNICEFNew YorkJune 9, 2004

Thank you!