Akeem Jade G. FabilaInstructor

Asian Nationalism

ObjectivesWhat are the basis of the formation?What should be its territorial bounds?Who is included amongst its members and

citizens?What purposes should the Chinese state

serve?What is the character of its foreign

relations?

Imperial LegacyChina

Longest Tradition of continuous statehoodA state that was centrally administered in

accordance with an enduring civic ethos, laws, administrative hierarchy etc.

Long-standing territorial domainLucian Pye

“ China is a civilization pretending to be a state”

Not a state in the modern sense

Modern Transformation

Emergence of Chinese

Nationalism

Development of Chinese Modern State

Challenges of the West

ApproachesReformers

“Argued that it was necessary to adapt to Western ways if China were to strengthen itself and once again acquire the power and wealth to repel aggressors and re-establish its significance as a major centre of power and culture in the world”

Advocates of Moral Grounds“This was tantamount to ‘Westernisation’

which would inevitably undermine the key values that the reformers claimed to uphold”

ParadoxThat as long as they maintained that the

values of their political system were fundamentally different from those of the modern/Western world, China would be isolated and would fall behind technologically, making it vulnerable as a power. On the other hand, carrying out programmes of modernisation/Westernisation meant that they risked subverting the very values that these were designed to protect

Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895Cause: Japanese Attack against ChinaEuropean Powers Believed that China, the

bigger empire would easily crush little JapanResults:

Japan won all the battles in land and seaThe war exposed the weakness of ChinaChina signed the treaty of Shimonoseki on

April 17, 1985, China Lost Formosa and Pescadores to japan

Spheres of Influence Divide ChinaWestern powers sliced up China into their own

spheres of influence“A sphere of influence” is a piece of territory in

which a foreign nation enjoyed exclusive rights to exploit resources and trade

Russia acquired Manchuria, France acquired Kwangsi, Kwantung and Yunnan and the island of Hainan, Germany acquired the shantung Province, and Britain the Yangtze Valley

To bring some order, U.S. Secretary of State proposed the “open door policy” on September 6, 1899

Boxer RebellionCause: empress Tzu His encouraged her people to rise

in arms and drive out all the foreigners from China“Ho Chuan” ( Righteoous Fists) organized an anti-

foreign uprising – They were called the boxers by the foriegners

“ Down with the Foreign Devils” Boxers destroyed foreigned owned propertiesResults:

China was punished by foreign powersOn September 7, 1900 the Boxer Protocol was

signed Payment of War indemnity of 333 Million Death Penalties for all the Boxers Revision of commercial treaties

Sun Yat-SenWestern Educated and a Protestant ChristianPresident of the Chinese RepublicFounded KuomintangFather of Chinese RepublicLaid down 3 Principles of the People

NationalismDemocracyPeople’s Livelihood