Akeem Jade G. FabilaInstructor
Asian Nationalism
ObjectivesWhat are the basis of the formation?What should be its territorial bounds?Who is included amongst its members and
citizens?What purposes should the Chinese state
serve?What is the character of its foreign
relations?
Imperial LegacyChina
Longest Tradition of continuous statehoodA state that was centrally administered in
accordance with an enduring civic ethos, laws, administrative hierarchy etc.
Long-standing territorial domainLucian Pye
“ China is a civilization pretending to be a state”
Not a state in the modern sense
Modern Transformation
Emergence of Chinese
Nationalism
Development of Chinese Modern State
Challenges of the West
ApproachesReformers
“Argued that it was necessary to adapt to Western ways if China were to strengthen itself and once again acquire the power and wealth to repel aggressors and re-establish its significance as a major centre of power and culture in the world”
Advocates of Moral Grounds“This was tantamount to ‘Westernisation’
which would inevitably undermine the key values that the reformers claimed to uphold”
ParadoxThat as long as they maintained that the
values of their political system were fundamentally different from those of the modern/Western world, China would be isolated and would fall behind technologically, making it vulnerable as a power. On the other hand, carrying out programmes of modernisation/Westernisation meant that they risked subverting the very values that these were designed to protect
Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895Cause: Japanese Attack against ChinaEuropean Powers Believed that China, the
bigger empire would easily crush little JapanResults:
Japan won all the battles in land and seaThe war exposed the weakness of ChinaChina signed the treaty of Shimonoseki on
April 17, 1985, China Lost Formosa and Pescadores to japan
Spheres of Influence Divide ChinaWestern powers sliced up China into their own
spheres of influence“A sphere of influence” is a piece of territory in
which a foreign nation enjoyed exclusive rights to exploit resources and trade
Russia acquired Manchuria, France acquired Kwangsi, Kwantung and Yunnan and the island of Hainan, Germany acquired the shantung Province, and Britain the Yangtze Valley
To bring some order, U.S. Secretary of State proposed the “open door policy” on September 6, 1899
Boxer RebellionCause: empress Tzu His encouraged her people to rise
in arms and drive out all the foreigners from China“Ho Chuan” ( Righteoous Fists) organized an anti-
foreign uprising – They were called the boxers by the foriegners
“ Down with the Foreign Devils” Boxers destroyed foreigned owned propertiesResults:
China was punished by foreign powersOn September 7, 1900 the Boxer Protocol was
signed Payment of War indemnity of 333 Million Death Penalties for all the Boxers Revision of commercial treaties
Sun Yat-SenWestern Educated and a Protestant ChristianPresident of the Chinese RepublicFounded KuomintangFather of Chinese RepublicLaid down 3 Principles of the People
NationalismDemocracyPeople’s Livelihood