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CHRISTIAN MINISTRYModels of Ministry and Training

Jesudason Baskar Jeyaraj

Published by

Theological Book Trust

Bangalore


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Table of Contents

PREFACE 7

FOREWORD 9

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13

ABBREVIATIONS 15

INTRODUCTION 17

CHAPTER ONE

Terms, Definitions and Metaphors of Ministry 21

CHAPTER TWO

Theological, Contextual and Ecclesiological Basis of Ministry 43

CHAPTER THREE

Relating Ministry to Context 55

CHRISTIAN MINISTRY - Models of Ministry and Training

Theological Book Trust 2002

ISBN : 81-7475-040-1

First published 2002 by Theological Book TrustReprinted 2006

All Rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any

form, except for the purposes of brief review in periodicals, without

prior permission of Theological Book Trust, P.O. Box 9529,

Bangalore 560095, India.

Printed at : The J & P Print & Allied Industries, Bangalore


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CHAPTER FOUR

Models of Ministry in the Bible 81

Priestly Model

Liberation ModelAdministration Model

Prophetic Model

Reformer Model

Political Action Model

Wisdom Model

Chronicler ModelSon of Man Model

Evangelistic Model

Missionary Model

Charity Model

Counselling Model

Pastoral Model

CHAPTER FIVE

Priesthood of all Believers 209

CHAPTER SIX

Structures and Partnership for Gods Ministry 235

CHAPTER SEVEN

Developing Leaders for Ministry: Principles of Training 245

CHAPTER EIGHT

Theological Education, Context and Involvement 263

CHAPTER NINE

Models of Theological Education: Case Studies 275

Living and Learning in Villages: Inculturation Experiment

(Arul Kadal Seminary, Chennai)

Off-Campus Programme for Urban Exposure

(Tamilnadu Theological Seminary, Madurai)

Ministerial Training for Church Planting

(Madras Theological Seminary and College, Chennai)

Laity Formation in Secular Colleges: Equipping Women

(Lady Doak College, Madurai)

Vocational and Theological Integrated Training

(ACTS Institute, Bangalore)

CONCLUSION 331

BIBLIOGRAPHY 335

INDEX 345

4 5


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Preface

J.B. Jeyaraj has put in a wealth of academic scholarship andpersonal experience into this book Christian Ministry. Minis-

try is such a diverse involvement, and therefore no one book

can exhaust all the implications. But here is one that can serve

as a useful textbook with an excellent treatment of the subject.

Many books on ministry have been used in institutions in

India, but mostly from the West and therefore offering Western

perspectives. Some of these are not only irrelevant but also out-

dated. Jeyaraj writes as an Indian and relates ministry to the

Indian context complete with some apt case studies.

When speaking of the Indian context, it is clear that most

treatments of ministry, particularly if coming from a Western

perspective, would lack a contextual grounding. Jeyaraj gives a

whole chapter to help us understand the socio-economic and

religious context of our country. The reader would find this

study very helpful to help make ministry more meaningful in

our diverse situations.

One very useful aspect of this book is its treatment of thevaried forms of ministry. Most times we look at ministry as

either evangelism or social action (including liberation) and some

would bring these two together. This book gives us 14 models of

ministry, and this serves to encourage every member of the

church to consider himself/herself as being engaged in minis-

try.

Jeyaraj pleads for a much needed and relevant curriculum

for ministry in theological educational institutions. The princi-ples he supplies for theological training are very appropriate. I

fully agree with the writer that we need to look at training peo-

ple for effective ministry and therefore an appropriate curricu-

lum must be developed to assist in this task.

Case studies are included to show different models of train-

ing in Indian context. These case studies are carefully chosen

to present the different ways in which theological training of

ministers and laity is carried on in the Indian context. Com-

mendably, the author stayed in these institutions to study their


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nary for granting me leave for one year to do this Post-doctoral

research and writing.

I express my thanks and appreciation to the five institutions

listed in the Case Studies. Their materials are valuable informa-

tion on the new patterns of education in relating Christian faithto the context. Continuous encouragement and prayer support

from my wife, daughter and son enabled me to complete this

book. I dedicate this book to my parents who taught me to love

God and people. I believe, this book can be used as a valuable

resource material in theological seminaries, workshops, semi-

nars and Bible Studies in churches.

I am thankful to the Editors of TBT for printing the second

edition. I am hearing good response for the readers of the firstedition. My appreciation goes to Dr. Ken Gnanakan and his

team of staff in TBT in publishing and marketing this book at an

affordable price for Indian Christian leaders, students in theo-

logical colleges and lay people.

Abbreviations

AAHE - ACTS Academy of Higher Education

ACTS - Agriculture, Crafts, Trades and Studies

AIT - Asian Institute of Theology

AJTR - Arasaradi Journal of Theological Reflection

AK - Arul Kadal

AMA - Asia Missions Advance

ATA - Asia Theological Association

ATC - Asian Trading Corporation

CISRS - Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society

CLS - Christian Literature Society

CNI - Church of North India

CSI - Church of South India

ECI - Evangelical Church of India

ELS - Evangelical Literature Service

FTS - Fuller Theological Seminary

HIALS - Haggai Institute of Advanced Leadership Skills

ISPCK - Indian Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge

ITC - International Theological Commentary

IVP - Inter-Varsity PressLDC - Lady Doak College

MTSC - Madras Theological Seminary and College

NBD - New Bible Dictionary

NCB - New Century Bible

NCCI - National Christian Council of India

SSC - Senate of Serampore College

TBT - Theological Book Trust

TELC - Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church

TDNT - Theological Dictionary of the New TestamentTDOT - Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament

TNTC - Tyndale New Testament Commentary

TOTC - Tyndale Old Testament Commentary

TRACI - Theological Research And Communication Institute

TTS - Tamilnadu Theological Seminary

WBC - Word Bible Commentary

WCL - William Carey Library

WEF - World Evangelical Fellowship


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Introduction

Christian ministry is a vast subject. Thousands of books havebeen written on this subject. Early Church Fathers, Martin

Luther and Calvin have expressed their views on ministry. Many

theologians, specializing on Practical Theology, follow the writ-

ings of Karl Barth. Theologians from Roman Catholic and Prot-

estant churches in various parts of the world are writing articles

on ministry in journals and publishing books. Many doctoral

dissertations written on the ministry add their valuable contri-

bution for further research and writing. A broad analysis of the

books written on ministry could show that these books dealwith one or more aspects of ministry such as the theology of

ministry, qualities of Christian ministers, the history of Chris-

tian ministry, contextual problems and issues, planning goals

and strategies, theological education, training and skills, the

role of prayer and fund-raising for ministry. The voluminous

resources available on Christian ministry indicate the complex-

ity of the subject. Publications on this subject will continue to

explain the nature and role of ministry and yet cannot exhaust

the subject. My concern in writing a book on Christian ministry

is to provide a basic study material for those who are interested

in serving God. I do not claim that my book deals with all the

issues and gives solution to the problems. It is only an introduc-

tion to Christian ministry with the purpose of enabling readers

to understand the true meaning of ministry, the different mod-

els of ministry, theological and contextual issues, patterns of

training and to encourage each member of the church to be

involved in ministry.The First chapter discusses the definitions of Christian min-

istry, nuances of the terms used in the Bible to refer to ministry

and the images of servanthood. This chapter emphasizes disci-

pleship as an indispensable aspect of ministry. The definition,

terms and images alone are not enough to explain the depth of

ministry. So Second chapter deals with the foundation of Chris-

tian ministry and how theological, contextual and ecclesiological

reasons are inter-connected. This triangular model functions


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Christian Ministry

Chapter One

Terms, Definitions andMetaphors of Ministry

Ministry is pluralistic. Any reader of the Bible could notice

the different kinds of ministry done by different people in dif-

ferent periods of history. Scholars have classified the differentperiods of biblical history as the Primeval period of creation

(Gen.1-11), the period of the Ancestors of Israel (Gen.12-50),

the Exodus and Wandering Period (Ex, Lev.Num. Dt.), the Set-

tlement period in Canaan (Josh. Jud.), the Monarchical period

(1,2 Samuel, 1,2 Kings and some prophetic books), the Exilic

period (Isa.40-55, Ezek.), the Return and Restoration in the Post-

exilic period (Isa.56-66, Hag. Zach, Mal.), the Maccabees Period

and the Hasmonean Rule (Inter-Testamental Period literature),

the Romans, the Herods and the time of Jesus (Gospels), theApostolic period and the expansion of the churches in West

Asia (Acts, Epistles) and the period of severe persecution and

survival (Revelation). The history of Christianity from the time

of the Apostles till this modern day is divided into major periods

such as the period of the Early Fathers, the Medieval, the Refor-

mation, the Enlightenment and Ecumenism and has seen great

developments in the ministries of the Church.

Ministry is a comprehensive word meaning service and gen-

erally referring to all sorts of service. This word is used quite

often in secular professions, particularly to refer to different de-

partments of government such as the Ministry of Home Affairs,

the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, the Min-

istry of Employment and Human Resources, the Ministry of Fi-

nance, the Ministry of Trade and Commerce, etc. Some leaders

who are elected to represent their constituency, either in the

local Assembly of the State or in the Parliament also join the

cabinet and are called Ministers of a certain portfolio. Next to


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Chapter Two

Theological, Contextual andEcclesiological Basis of Ministry

Any service or action ought to have a reason, ideological ba-

sis or a philosophy. The justification for Christian ministry is

found in its theological, ecclesiastical and contextual reasons.

Instead of combining these three aspects as one Scriptural ba-

sis, I have listed them separately. One reason is to give each

aspect a separate identity and emphasize its importance in Chris-

tian ministry. Another is to uphold the fact that the actions of

God and the birth of the Church have preceeded the writing of

the Bible. Both the OT and NT testify to what has happened in

the history of mankind. The books of the OT and NT narrate the

events after they had happened. God and his actions are more

important than the recordings. However, the members of thebody of Christ come to know Gods revelation and actions through

the written Scripture. The Scripture holds validity for the life

and ministry of Christians because it is the inspired and infalli-

ble Word of God. Reflecting on what has been written as the

normative and infallible truth of Gods revelation, Christians

could draw the theological basis and competence for ministry.

TRINITARIAN FOUNDATION

The biblical God is the Trinity the Father, Son and the HolySpirit. We need to know the way God, the Father acted in the

history of mankind, through His son Jesus Christ and the Holy

Spirit. Focussing on the actions of only one person in the Trin-

ity cannot provide a holistic foundation for Christian ministry.

Pentecostals emphasize the work of the Holy Spirit more and

explain the ministry from the perspective of the role of the Holy

Spirit. Adventists developed their ministry according to their

emphasis on the work of God, the Father. Some denominations


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Chapter Four


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80 81

Chapter Four

Models of Ministry in the Bible

The contextual and theological reasons for ministry demand

a closer look into the different models of ministry. The word

modelis often used in the general sense of an example, symbol

and image. We find various definitions for the term model. It

has a loaded technical nuance in some disciplines of study such

as social sciences, psychology and engineering. Ideas, symbols,

relationships, structures and functions can be communicated

efficiently through the means of models. Harold Ellens describes

a model as a descriptive and symbolic rendering of the essen-

tial characteristics of an idea, process or structure (1974:9).

Models describe what is happening or has happened in an in-

stitution or a community and are representations of reality.

Therefore, models are not perfect and permanent but they

emerge in a particular context to achieve a goal. They couldbecome ineffective, static or obsolete over a long period of time

or could be useful to society. Models can be modified and ener-

gized to suit to changing contexts. Models of the real world give

instructions on the merits and demerits of ideas, achievements

and failures of persons, institutions and structures. Models of

the ideal world, however, are a challenge to new levels of effec-

tiveness. I prefer to use the term modelto describe what has

been going on in the society of Israel, with particular reference

to the ministry. Models make a great impact on the lives of peo-ple. Christians have their own favourite model of ministry. The

most popular are the pastoral and evangelistic models of minis-

try. Some Christians do not regard the ministries narrated in

the Old Testament as important or valid for today. A few others

assume that the ministries in the Old Testament are replaced

in the New Testament. Studying the different models of minis-

try, their development over the years and their contribution to

the church and society, is rewarding. This chapter will focus on


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Chapter Five

Priesthood of all Believers


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Different models of ministry in the Bible have, so far, been

identified and some of the salient features of these models have

been discussed. These have been ministries of individuals or

groups in different periods of biblical history. After the period of

the apostles, some of these ministries were carried on with some

modifications in different parts of the world. However, some of

the traditional designations like priestly, prophetic, evange-listic, missionary and charity are retained. Today, modern

technology is used in doing some of these ministries, Even

though, Christian ministry is done by leaders particularly by

pastors, evangelists and missionaries, it is not by a few leaders

or for a few people but by the church as a corporate body. Ac-

cording to Donald Messer Ministry is the function of the church

as a whole. It is Gods gift not first of all to the individual, but to

the community of faith, who in turn chooses who should repre-

sent it in leadership roles. The Church is ministry. Its raisondetreis service to the world. There is no other reason for the

church to exist (1989:64). The ministry of the Church is called

the priesthood of all believers (1 Pet.2:5,9; Rev. 1:6; 5:10). The

term priesthood is used in the comprehensive sense of the

ministry or service of all those who believe in Jesus as the

Lord and Saviour, whether these believers are ordained or not

ordained. The emphasis of the NT is not just on the priestly

model only but falls on all the functions of ministry (Eph. 4:11-

13) done by the Church in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ.

In other words, the Church is the priest to serve the eternal

God. This doctrine of priesthood of all believers is a significant

development on the OT idea of priesthood. The people of Israel

were called the chosen people, a kingdom of priests and a

holy nation at the time of making the covenant at Sinai (Ex.

19:5-6). While this text speaks of the entire people of Israel as


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Chapter Six

Structures and Partnership for

Gods Ministry


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Churches and para-church organizations have contributed,

for many years through their various ministries, to the growth

of the church and the progress of society. Their existence and

contributions confirm that churches cannot ignore para-church

organizations and social movements. The para-church agencies

too cannot replace the churches or make them irrelevant. Thesemodalities and sodalities are realities today. They need each

other. However, there are tensions and problems between

churches and para-church organizations. Churches are suspi-

cious of the competitiveness of these organizations . The preach-

ing, teaching and writings of the leaders of para-church organi-

zations, they feel, are not theological. Some of them teach wrong

doctrines and others promote conservatism. The leaders of the

churches, therefore, constantly have to counter such wrongtrends in theological doctrine from spreading among their con-

gregation and guard the members against leaving their churches

to join fundamentalist groups. Moreover, churches feel that para-

church organizations are encouraging the congregations to send

their tithe and offerings to their programmes and ministries

rather than to give to churches in support of the ministries of

the parishes. Churches are afraid that they might lose their

income, which would affect their programmes and ministries.

They, therefore, want to control the para-church organisations.Some dioceses have restricted the activities of para-church agen-

cies in their churches. Some of them banned some para-church

movements and have announced to their congregation not to

have any link with such movements.

Para-church agencies, on the other hand, accuse churches

for limiting their activities to worship, which is often traditional


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Christian Ministry

Chapter Seven

Developing Leaders for Ministry:

Principles of Training

Training and de eloping leaders for the ministr of ch rches


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244 245

Training and developing leaders for the ministry of churches,

organizations and institutions is indispensable. A few people

are born with the qualities of leadership but, many people are

shaped to be successful leaders by their families, friends, una-

voidable circumstances and situations or through special train-

ing. Rigorous training is given to soldiers and officers in themilitary service. Terrorist groups train their men and women to

accomplish the task with minute precision at the cost of their

lives. Industries and businesses train their executives, manag-

ers, sales personals, office staff and labourers by sending them,

periodically, to various institutes and training centres. Doctors,

nurses and lab technicians are constantly updated on the use

of new techniques and modern equipment. Compared to these

people, Christian ministers are trained less. It is sad to note

that the churches are not giving priority to training their clergy

and lay people towards the development of quality leadership.

Anthony DSouza points out that Christian leadership essen-

tially involves service and should not promote power, authority,

honour, prestige or personal advantage (Developing the Leader

within You:Strategies for Effective Leadership:1994:5). He re-

minds us to distinguish between leadership and management

and writes, Essentially, leadership is a broader concept than

management. Leadership involves working with and throughpeople to achieve results, which are not necessarily institutional

or organizational goals. We can think of management as a spe-

cial kind of leadership that sees achieving of institutional or

organizational goals as paramount (1994:17). Various reasons

contribute to the neglect in the development of efficient

leaders.


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Christian Ministry

Chapter Eight

Theological Education,

Context and Involvement

This essay is a reflection based on my 20 years of experience

as a Theological teacher in an ecumenical seminary affiliated to


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g y

the Senate of Serampore College and involvement with various

evangelical institutions and missionary organizations. It is more

a sharing of my views to initiate discussion in churches and

seminaries. The present scenario of theological education inIndia is very much encouraging. The following reasons could

be stated :

(i) We have developed advanced level theological education

that many of our students can complete their doctoral degrees

within India. Scholars to guide researchers, library resources

and scholarship funds have been developed over the years to

provide quality education in our seminars and colleges.

(ii) Indian seminaries are drawing students from neighbour-ing countries like Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar,

where theological education is not that much developed either

due to political or ecclesiastical reasons. Indian seminaries have

risen to extend their help to the churches and theological insti-

tutions in Asia. India will become an important centre of theo-

logical training in Asia in 2000 A.D.

(iii) Indian theological education gives importance to pietism,

ecumenism, evangelization, church planting and liberation.

Indigenization of Christianity was taken seriously soon after In-dependence and efforts were taken to create an indigenized form

of liturgy and worship, theology in philosophical terms, impart

theological education in regional languages, produce books and

course materials in vernacular, etc. Contextual theologies like

liberation, dalit, tribal, feminist and eco are developing.


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Conclusion

Christian ministry is an on-going service. Christians cannot

be satisfied with what has been done so far within the church

and society. Churches should move on to make the ministries

more relevant to the changing situation today and to-morrow. Ihave highlighted the theological, ecclesiological, contextual, vo-

cational, relational and educational aspects of Christian minis-

try and a few models of ministry and training in the above chap-

ters. Instead of repeating what has been written in the previous

chapters, I like to re-emphasize some of the challenges for Chris-

tian ministry in these concluding pages. They can set new di-

rections for ministry in the future.


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330 331

Christian ministry, as defined earlier, is done by the wholechurch. It is a priesthood of all believers. It is a service to hu-

manity and natural world. The effectiveness of Christian minis-

try depends upon the Christian understanding of the nature,

identity and the role of the Church. Many Christians think of

the Church as a building for worship and prayer. The Church,

according to them, is an institution for gathering, conducting

marriages, baptizing the children, burying the dead and run-

ning schools, orphanages and hospitals. Their understanding is

limited to the idea of institution and rituals. Howard Synder, inhis book, Liberating the Church: The Ecology of Church and

Kingdom, identifies ten areas in the life and ministry of the

church which require renewal in understanding and action and

discusses the need for liberating the Church from the idea of

institution and rituals. His discussion on the liberating models

of the Church is biblical and applicable to the context of various

countries. Another essay entitled, Images of the Church in In-

dia: Assessment and Perspective written by Christopher

Duraisingh presents the various understandings of the Churchin India, namely, the images related to the nature and inner life

of the Church, images related to the mission and ministries of

the Church and the images related to the structure of the

Church. (Christian Perspectives on Contemporary Indian Issues:

A National Colloquium, ed. Ram Singh, 1983:134-162). He brings


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Bibliography

BOOKS

Alangaram, A.Christ of the Asian Peoples: Towards an Asian

Contextual Christology,ATC, Bangalore, 2001.

Allen, Roland. Missionary Methods: St. Pauls or Ours,Eerdmans,

Grand Rapids, 1977.

Andersen, F.I. Job,TOTC, IVP, Leicester, 1976.

Anderson, Ray .S. The Shape of Practical Theology: Empower-

ing Ministry with Theological Praxis,IVP, Illionis, 2001.

Anderson, Roberts. Daniel: Signs and Wonders,ITC, Eerdmans,


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1984.Atkinson D.J. and Field, D.H. (eds.) New Dictionary of Christian

Ethics and Pastoral Theology,IVP, Illionis, 1995.

Barnett, Paul. The Message of 2 Corinthians,IVP, Leicester,

1988.

Bennett, David. Metaphors of Ministry: Biblical Images for Lead-

ers and Followers,Baker, Grand Rapids,1993.

Bright, John. The Kingdom of God: The Biblical Concept and Its

Meaning for the Church, Abingdon, Nahville, 1983.

Bruce, F. F.1 and 2 Corinthians, NCB, Oliphants, London, 1971.

Brueggemann, W. The Prophetic Imagination, Fortress, Phila-

delphia, 1987.

Boff, Clodovis and Pixley, G.V. The Bible: The Church and the

Poor, Orbis, NY, 1989.

Boff, L and Boff, C. Introducing Liberation Theology, Orbis, NY,

1999.

Bosch, David J. Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in The-

ology of Mission,Orbis, New York, 2000.

Botterweek, G.J., Ringgren, H. and Fabry, H.J. (eds.) Theologi-

cal Dictionary of the Old Testament, Eerdmans, GR, 1992.


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Administration 100-112, 237, 242,247, 255-256.

Alms 183, 186, 191.

Ashram 183Baal 93-95, 115, 123, 253.

Body of Christ 28-30, 41, 52, 212,224, 332.

Call 25, 47, 91, 221-224, 246-247,329.

Case Studies 275-276, 333.

Cassock 87, 228-229.

Caste 57-60, 68-69, 126-129, 143,

179 227

INDEX

Education 24, 78, 232, 245-261,263-274, 275-276, 285, 296-299,303, 312, 313, 318

Elders 34, 100-107, 109, 174, 202-

203, 205-206

Evangelism 99, 150, 155-170,173-175, 239, 246, 322

Fair-balance 188-191

Faith 31, 53, 54, 89, 173, 175, 197,206

Gender 60-63, 164, 206, 226

Gifts (Talents) 22, 230-233, 325

History 44 46 85 125 141 145


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344 345

179, 227

Charity 183-191

Chronicler 141-145

Church 24, 50-52, 65-68, 98, 120-121, 133, 142, 163-167, 200-207,

213-221, 231, 238, 297-298, 310,331-333.

Communication (skill) 257-258

Context 5152, 55-79, 249, 267-274, 278, 279.

Counselling 192-197

Conversion 68, 70, 71, 100, 167-170, 178-180, 205, 282, 309, 312.

Creation 31, 49-50, 70, 76, 78, 119,

173, 233

Cross 27, 40, 131, 152, 172, 248

Curriculum 79, 267-270, 288, 302,

313

Debts 116, 184, 298, 299-302

Diakonia 27, 36-37, 177, 187, 332

Discipleship 26-28, 32, 152-153,160, 266

Ecumenism 156, 332

History 44-46, 85, 125, 141-145,171, 216, 254

Holy Spirit 43, 48-49, 155, 159,161, 165, 170, 172, 174, 216, 221,

225, 230

Judges 32, 101-106, 109, 113, 237

Justice 60, 100-107, 115-118,145, 192

Kingdom of God 32, 53, 77, 132,

144, 148-149, 153, 157-160, 164-165, 175, 177, 196, 201, 213-221,

248, 314

Koinonia 177, 187

Laity 224, 233, 274, 308, 310-314,317, 318

Land 64, 104, 112, 115, 124-125,140, 184, 273

Leadership 98, 101, 108, 174, 245-

261, 273Liberation 45-48, 70, 88-100, 150-

153, 201, 280, 283-284

Life-style 202, 260, 271, 284, 333

Living stone 210-213

Magistrate 106-108

Christian Ministry

Marduk 195-196, 220

Marriage 62, 123-129

Marxism 74-77, 93, 97-98, 133-

134, 149, 182

Messiah 132, 147-149, 159, 171,

172-173, 176, 215, 217

Metaphors 27, 28, 30, 224

Ministry 21-31, 55, 331

Missionary 156, 163, 170-183,188, 313

Models 38, 81-82, 206, 267, 285

Ordination 225-230

Partnership 26-27, 46, 126-128,190, 235-243

Pastor 140, 197-207, 216-217, 255

Patriarchy 60-61

Political 55-57 81-82 114-117

Service 33, 35, 36, 46-47, 70-72

Sharing 193, 206

Shepherd 32. 35, 101, 193-194,

197-207, 250, 265

Sin 145-146, 153, 163, 166-167,

179, 196

Slave 27, 37, 91, 98, 164, 175, 183,205, 254

Social Action 134-136, 180-183,240, 259-260

Social Work 70, 108, 164, 181,183,290-292, 299

Son of Man 146-155, 202, 250

Structures 63, 75-77, 121, 163,

186-187, 235-243

Suffering 40-41, 90-92, 99, 120-122, 154-155, 177-178, 193, 195,

197 204 207 215


174/174

346

Political 55 57, 81 82, 114 117,129-136, 199-201

Power 72-73, 103, 110-112, 119,132-135, 238, 256

Prayer 92, 130-133, 139, 147, 150,197, 206, 258-260

Priest 32, 82-87, 104, 200, 209-

233, 236-238, 254

Prophet 32, 34, 35, 112-122, 185,

194, 220, 242, 253Reform 122-129, 241, 242

Sacrifices 83, 86-87, 124, 173, 251

Satyagraha 131

Scripture 23, 24, 26, 43, 53-54, 77-78, 142, 242, 251-252

Servanthood 19, 35, 38-41, 47,203, 323

197, 204, 207, 215Tax 71, 110-112

Terms (for ministries) 32-37

Training 18, 78-79, 230-233, 245-261, 263-274, 275-330

Tribe 60, 83, 128, 143

Trinity 43-50

Varna 57-59, 180, 221, 324, 328

Vision 73, 92-93, 118, 249-251,258, 331

Vocation 24-25, 71, 319-329

Wisdom 136-141, 194, 232

Women 60-63, 138-140, 143, 185,226-227, 253, 314-318.

Worship 30-31, 36, 95, 118,174,

204, 232, 269, 315, 321-322, 326-329

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