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CIFE Summer ProgramSeptember 11, 2008CIFE Summer ProgramSeptember 11, 2008
A Methodology for Communicating Design Processes
Reid Senescu and John HaymakerCenter for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University
A Methodology for Communicating Design Processes
Reid Senescu and John HaymakerCenter for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Two case studies from theTwo case studies from theStanford Graduate School of Business
Problem Statement
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Sustainability case study reveals:Sustainability case study reveals:
Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision
Actual Process Failed
Designers struggle to share processes
Structure: Steel Concrete
Material Responsibility ? ?
Lacked ability to perform model based Life Cycle Assessment
Embodied Energy
Steel Concrete
Results:
Discussion Forum
Analysis Results
No Results = Stakeholder goals not met
Problem Statement
Successful Process Existed
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Sustainability case study reveals:Sustainability case study reveals:
Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision
Actual Process Failed Successful Process Existed
Designers struggle to share processes
Structure: Steel Concrete
Material Responsibility ? ?
Lacked ability to perform model based Life Cycle Assessment
Embodied Energy
Steel Concrete
Results:
Discussion Forum
Analysis Results
No Results = Stakeholder goals not met
Problem Statement
Take away from this case study:
– I could not find a design processto meet stakeholder goals
– Even though this process had already been used in my firm
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Day lighting case study reveals:Day lighting case study reveals:
Observed Louver Configuration Design Process
Designers struggle to understand processes
Input: Architecture Model
Output: Day Light Video
– Options Considered : 2-3 Louver Configurations
– Total Design Time Per Option:30 hours
– Non-Value Added Time Per Option: 15 hours
Problem Statement
Time Per Design Task
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Day lighting case study reveals:Day lighting case study reveals:
Observed Louver Configuration Design Process
Designers struggle to understand processes
Input: Architecture Model
Output: Day Light Video
– Options Considered : 2-3 Louver Configurations
– Total Design Time Per Option:24 hours
– Non-Value Added Time Per Option: 16 hours
Problem Statement
Time Per Design Task
Take away from this case study:
– Process is often repeated
– Process is inefficient.
– No investment in improving process
– ….until principals saw this slide
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
The Big Idea:The Big Idea:Web-based Collaborative Process Integration Platform
Communicate Integrate VisualizeShare processes Mix & customize processes Process metrics
Understand processes Automate processes Solution spaces
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
My contribution:My contribution:Web-based Collaborative Process Integration Platform
Communicate Integrate VisualizeShare processes Mix & customize processes Process metrics
Understand processes Automate processes Solution spaces
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
OutlineOutline
Intuition Story Research Question Research Method Expected Contributions Discussion
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Process integration platformProcess integration platform
Project: Stanford Graduate School of Business Organization: Day Lighting Consultant Options: Two atrium shapes Goals: Reduce energy use; achieve good day
light; be beautiful.
A scenario to explain the tool
Intuition
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
LegendLegendNarrative convention (Haymaker, 2006)
Information Dependency
Automated
Manual
What does the information look like?
Barrel color indicates the status of the source information.Green = up-to-dateRed = not updated
Tool Used
Intuition
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
A proposed platformA proposed platformDesigners organize design problem (Haymaker, 2006)
Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of BusinessProcess Integration Platform
Intuition
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Designer observes other’s designDesigner observes other’s design
Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business
Process Integration Platform
Intuition
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Designer starts lighting analysisDesigner starts lighting analysisby searching for appropriate processes
Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business
Process Integration Platform
SEARCH RESULTS
Intuition
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
PROCESS INFO
Project: Arup 9876 Office BuildingProjects With This ProcessProcess Type: Day LightSoftware RequiredDeveloper: Robert ColeProcess Used: 2 timesLinks Copied: 31 timesUsed Most By: Engin AyazOther Users of this ProcessMore Usage Details
Process Integration Platform
Arup 9478: Greendale Apartment Unit
jrogers: Should we invest in automating this process?Normanrock: Yes, I’ll send a meeting request to divide up the work.
COMMENTS
a
b
PROCESS INFO
Project: Arup E Cubed LabProjects With This ProcessProcess Type: Day LightSoftware RequiredDeveloper: Robert ColeProcess Used: 2 timesLinks Copied: 31 timesUsed Most By: Engin AyazOther Users of this ProcessMore Usage DetailsSEARCH RESULTSSEARCH RESULTS
PROCESS USAGE
Range,Average
Iteration Time (hrs)
8 to 40,22
# of Iterations 1 to 15, 3
Designer evaluates search resultDesigner evaluates search resultAnd chooses two appropriate processes
Intuition
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Save information to processSave information to process
Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of BusinessProcess Integration Platform
Intuition
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Use process to produce resultsUse process to produce results
Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of BusinessProcess Integration Platform
Intuition
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Research QuestionResearch Question
What is a design process sharing methodology?
How does implementing this methodology affect design process efficiency and effectiveness?
Research Question
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
ProcessModelingProcessModeling
Human Computer Interaction
Human Computer Interaction
KnowledgeManagementKnowledge
Management
Research MethodResearch Method
1. Synthesize literature in other fields and verify with survey and case studies in AEC.
2. Develop methodology for design process sharing.
3. Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology.
4. Measure the effect of this methodology on AEC design processes.
Research Method
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
ProcessModelingProcessModeling
Human Computer Interaction
Human Computer Interaction
KnowledgeManagementKnowledge
Management
Develop characteristicsDevelop characteristicsfor the design process sharing methodology
Transparent
IncentivizingUsableComputableScalable
SearchableModular
Sharable
Research Method
From Survey– User-Friendly
– Crowd-Sourcing
– Information Referencing
– Broad
– Searchable
From Case Studies– Scalable
– Modular
– Transparent
From Literature:
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Process model characteristicsProcess model characteristics
Transparent Quickly and accurately understood by all
Modular “Creative solutions are built from the recombination of existing ideas” (Hargadon & Bechky 2006)
Searchable Algorithms that predict users’ intent by self-learning
Usable Intuitive, embedded in design process
Scalable From analyzing the entire campus to an individual steel connection
Sharable Easy setting of access privileges, a standard for communicating processes
Incentivized To use processesTo develop new processes
Computable Capable of driving processes automatically
Research Method
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
AEC DesignProcess
ModelingProcessModeling
Human Computer Interaction
Human Computer Interaction
KnowledgeManagementKnowledge
Management
AEC Design
Research MethodResearch Method
1. Synthesize literature in other fields and verify with survey and case studies in AEC.
2. Develop methodology for design process sharing.
3. Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology.
4. Measure the effect of this methodology on AEC design processes.
Methodology
Research Method
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing ProcessesProposed breakdown of modeling tasks
PLAN MODEL POST-PROCESS
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing ProcessesPLAN tasks
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing ProcessesMODEL tasks
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing ProcessesPOST-PROCESS tasks
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Efficiency is measured by timing process tasks
Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing Processes
Research Method
Effectiveness is measured by MACDADI value of design
Non-Value Added Tasks = No Color
Value Added Tasks = Color%50
30
15
hrs
hrs
TimeTotal
TimeAddedValueEfficiency 58.0 ValueMACDADIessEffectiven
assessmentspreferencegoalsfValueMACDADI ,,
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Introduce a new processIntroduce a new processor collect processes from around the world
Post the processes on a website.
Research Method
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Measure the differenceMeasure the differencebefore & after the use of the tool
RESEARCH METHODRESEARCH METHOD
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Efficiency 30% mostly b/c transfer/filter time 11 hrs.
Contributions to KnowledgeContributions to Knowledge
Question 2: How does implementing this methodology affect process efficiency & effectiveness?
AEC Design
Question 1: What is a design process sharing methodology?
Methodology Applied to AEC Design
ContributionA methodology for communicating processes supported by evidence of its impact on
the efficiency and effectiveness of design processes in AEC.
Design value remained constant, so effectiveness unchanged
Expected Contribution
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Expected impact on industryExpected impact on industry
Lay the foundation for continuous improvements in design process efficiency and effectiveness
Which permit improvedmulti-disciplinary design optimization
Which is essential for improving the sustainability of the built environment.
Expected Contribution
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Sir Ove Arup founded his practice in London in 1946 based on a belief in
‘total design’ — the integration of the design process and the
interdependence of all the professions involved, the creative nature of
engineering, the value of innovation and the social purpose of design.
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Data SchemaData Schema
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Product Data SchemaProduct Data SchemaProduct*
File Name*Software FormatSoftware VersionSuffixStatusPreview ReferenceContent Reference
Option Set Name*Option Name*
Continuous or DiscreteVersion Set Name*
Version Name*Object Set Name*
Object Name*
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Organization Data SchemaOrganization Data SchemaOrganization*
CompanyTitleName
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Process Data SchemaProcess Data SchemaProcess*
ActionInput Formats*Output Formats*Tool
Tool NameTool Version or LanguageTool Icon Reference
Time Metric 1Time Metric 2Time Metric 3Automation StatusInteroperability Reference
Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008
Graph Data SchemaGraph Data Schema
Node*Node IDProduct Reference*Organization Reference*Process Reference*Node Dependency*
IterativeContinuous
ViewProcess Perspective IDProcess TitleProcess DescriptionNode ID*
Node Location in the GUIVisualization Information(Details not shown here)