Cisco CCENT Networking for Beginners

8/17/2019 Cisco CCENT Networking for Beginners

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Cisco CCENT Networking forBeginners


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Introduction

Before taking the CCNA certification and other likewise certification exams, CCENT is agood certification to track to start with. CCENT certification is one of the newest andmost highly-regarded certification that measures your knowledge about basicnetworking conce ts and Cisco de!ices. "ost arts of the exam touches on network management and their real-world a lications.

Cisco technology has been widely ada ted and used by other manufacturers of network de!ices. #earning more about how Cisco de!ices o erate gi!es you a good o!er!iew of how likewise de!ices function both as an inde endent de!ice and as a art of wideex anse of network systems.

Cisco CCENT for Beginners is created to gi!e a com rehensi!e guide to Network managers such as robably yourself to ass the CCENT certification exam. This book tries to !eer away from technical $argon without com romising the understandability of highly-technical conce t. "ost conce ts are re lete with exam les that can be a lied in

your work as network managersThe book is filled with the following%

• Illustrations % &or you to ha!e a full understanding of how Cisco de!ices andhow most network system works, this book ro!ides illustrati!e exam les anddiagrams of all related conce ts.

• Command Guides % 'nstead of relying on $ust conce ts, this book ro!idesuseful command guides on how to manage routers, switches and other network de!ices included in the content of the exam.

•

Outlined Concepts % All ertinent information in this book is organi(ed andoutlined to highlight which conce ts are more im ortant in re aration for thecertification exam.

• Assessment Activities: At the end of each arts of the book, there areassessment acti!ities that measure how much you ha!e understood the conce ts.

)b!iously, the main goal of this book is to hel you ass the certification exam but morethan that, this book is designed to hel you when you need other non-conce tualinformation like troubleshooting ti s and network security rinci les.

This book is di!ided into six arts%

• Part One: Network Technologies

Part Two: Cisco Devices and Technology

Part Three: Cisco outing !ystem

Part "our: Cisco !witching !ystem


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Part "ive: Trou#leshooting Networks

Part !i$: Other CC%NT Topics

These six cha ters co!er all the ma$or to ics that are rominently figured in the CCENTCertification exam. *nlike other materials that you can urchase in the bookstore ordownload from the internet, this book is engaging because it uses a con!ersational tone.The conce ts are outlined without being detached to the sub$ect matter. Aside from that,this book uses s ecial formatting to em hasi(e im ortant conce ts that you need toknow in re aration for the certification exam.

Conce ts that are in%

• Boldfaced concepts are to ic markers. They are the main sections of each of the cha ter.

• Italicized concepts are less im ortant conce ts but they may come out in the

exam.• &old'aced and Italici(ed concepts are !ery im ortant terms that you should

understand and remember as there is a good chance that the will be included inthe exam.

+hould command guides be needed in a articular section, you can s ot them easily because they use a special font for easier reading and understanding.


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Table of Contents

Introduction: About the Cisco CCENT Exam

Part : Networking Technologies

Cha ter % Basics of Networking

Cha ter % Network /e!ices and +er!ices 0

Cha ter 1% TC23'2

Cha ter 4% 5#+" and +ubnetting 1

Network Technologies: Assessment Activity

Part !: Cisco "e#ices and Technolog$

Cha ter % Cisco ')+

Cha ter 6% Cisco /e!ice "anagement 7

Cisco Technology: Assessment Activity

Part %: Cisco &outing '$stem


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Cha ter 7% Basic 8outer Configuration 7

Cha ter 9% +tatic 8outing 7

Cha ter 0% /ynamic 8outing 2rotocols 79

Cisco outing Technology: Assessment Activity

Part (: Cisco 'witching '$stem

Cha ter :% 'ntroduction to +witching 9:

Cha ter % Basic +witching Configuration 91

Cisco !witching Technology: Assessment Activity

Part ): Troubleshooting Networks

Cha ter % Troubleshooting Networks Communication 9

Cha ter 1% +ecurity 2ractices 9

Trou#leshooting Networks: Assessment Activity

Part *: +ther CCENT,related Topics

Cha ter % Network Technology Terminology 9

Cha ter 1% ;ireless Networking 9

Trou#leshooting Networks: Assessment Activity


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Part :

Networking Technologies


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Chapter Basics of Networking

The network layer in both TC23'2 and ) en +ystems 'nterconnection network models iscalled Layer 3 .-a$er % .Network -a$er/

#ogical addresses or more o ularly known as '2 addresses are assigned by Network #ayer to all the de!ices connected to the network. These addresses are used to identify


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Chapter !Network "e#ices and 'er#ices

Chapter %TCP0IP

Chapter ( 1-'2 and 'ubnetting

Assessment Acti#it$ .Part /:Network Technologies


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Part !:Cisco Technolog$


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Chapter )Cisco I+'

Cisco in!ented a s ecial o erating system designed s ecifically for Cisco de!ices. This

o erating system is called the Internetwork Operating System (IOS . The ')+ isdifferent from the i)+, which is the o erating system created by A le Com uters fortheir mobile de!ices. Cisco ')+ manages all the functions of Cisco de!ices includingrouting, switching and maintaining security of the network where these de!ices areconnected. The sets of functions may differ de ending on the ')+ !ersion being used.

E!ample" #ll Cisco IOS $ersion %efore t&e '' 3 )pgrade does not &a$e a feat)re called Network #ddress Translation (N#T * w&ic& is somet&ing t&at all newer IOS $ersions &a$e config)red

')+ allows users, s ecifically network managers, to im lement command codes wheninteracting with the Cisco hardware. These commands can be encoded to the ')+ usingthe command+line interface


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This ort connects the router to the com uter host de!ice through a cablecalled console ca%le , otherwise known also as the rollo$er ca%le . This ortis where the instructions from the console or com uter host enter therouter for de!ice configuration and troubleshooting. )n the side of thecom uter host, the console cable is lugged in to the console port .

Establishing a wired connection between the router


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connections, serial orts are also integral in building direct oint-to- ointconnections between two inde endent routers using a cable called %ack+to+%ack serial ca%le

E!ample" Esta%lis&ing a firm connection %etween two %ranc&es t&at are far apart fromeac& ot&er %)t are of t&e same company* re4)ires t&e &elp of a telep&one company or an

internet ser$ice pro$ider T&e infrastr)ct)re %)ilt %y t&e telep&one companies connectst&e ser$ers of t&ese two %ranc&es so t&at data transmission and reception is easy

Cisco !witch Ports

Cisco switches use the same reference as that of Cisco routers. The only differenceis that Cisco routers ha!e less number of orts than that of Cisco switches. This is because Cisco routers link networks together whereas Cisco switches link different com uter and network systems together. Another difference is thatswitches do not ha!e auxiliary orts.

Both Cisco router and Cisco switch ha!e console and Ethernet orts.

Configuring Cisco "e#ices

Cisco /e!ices can be configured through different methods such as%

Command)*ine Inter'ace +C*I,

The most o ular de!ice configuration method for Cisco units is through thecommand-line interface


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connected locally through the console ort to the com uter or an ++@3 Telnetremote connection. ;hen using the interface, you can run any commands toconfigure the ro erties of the Cisco de!ice with an established connection withthe interface.

&or instance, if you want to set the name of a router to something recogni(able while at the same time distinct, you can im lement the following code%

Router01 > enRouter01 #config tInstruction: Key in co an!s" only one per line En!

co an! $ith %TR&/'Router01 (config) #hostna e *a ple+a e

*a ple+a e (config) # Command 5)ide" Naming Cisco -e$ices

At first, C# can be frustrating to use. This is true for eo le who ha!e littleex erience coding commands. C# is an intuiti!e interface but it sometimesneeds a little getting used to before making it work for you flawlessly. Take notethat CCENT almost exclusi!ely measures how much you know of the C#interface as the main tool used for configuring Cisco de!ices.

;hen instead of a local connection, a remote connection is being used, remotea lications ++@ and Telnet establishes a stable connection to the router thoughthe '2 address. The C# interface will ro$ect the following command lines%

%:,>**- . 0 1 0Establishing . 0 1 0

ser ccess %onfir ation2ass$or!:

*a ple+a e >en

2ass$or!:*a pl+a e#Command 5)ide" Esta%lis&ing 0emote Connection

!ecurity Device -anager +!D-,


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;hen Cisco became aware that smaller networks are maintained by com uterusers who do not ha!e a background in coding, they de!ised a much sim ler andmore understandable interface. This time it is with color and gra hics to boot.Newer Cisco de!ice models often include an installer C/, which contains asoftware called +ecurity /e!ice "anager


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8)" consists of the following%

. Power)On)!el')Test +PO!T,: This is a routinary test im osed by the 8)" to the system memory to check whether the de!ice hardwareis o erational or is in ristine condition.

. &ootloader Program: )therwise known as the bootstra rogram,the bootloader rogram begins after the Cisco de!ice finished

erforming the 2)+T rogram. Bootloader rogram are usually integrated in the 8)" to gain access to the flas& memory where the')+ is ty ically located. The ')+ is then loaded into the memory.

1. .)&oot: 'f the bootloader rogram is unable to load the ')+ fromthe flash memory, 8 -Boot executes a simulation of the Cisco ')+. Thesimulation en$oys only limited functionality but while the 8 -Boot issim ly a simulated ')+ !ersion, it is useful because it enables network manager to load an ')+ from the T2T2 ser!er.

4. O- -onitor + O--ON,: +hould any of the three com onentsdetect error that will render the Cisco de!ice unable to dis ense of itsfunction, the 8)"")N will initiate a systematic check and atroubleshooting hase for sim le roblems. 8)"")N is ty ically used to by ass security measures such as assword re>uest. 8)"")N

is initiated manually by using the Ctrl D Break keystroke while Ciscode!ice is still in the booting rocess.

"lash -emory

This is where Cisco ')+ is stored for safekee ing. +ince the ')+ recei!es regularu date, usually in!ol!ing system u grades, the Cisco ')+ is stored in the flashmemory instead of in the 8)" as it was in older Cisco de!ices. @ad the ')+ been

installed in the 8)", interface u grades would not ha!e been ossible since8)" cannot be rewritten to, unlike other kinds of memory. &lash memory isintegrated within the actual system board or in some cases, installed externally with the use of a flas& memory card

/olatile A- +/ A-,


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)therwise known as sim ly 8A", 58A" is a kind of memory that holdstem orary information until the de!ice is turned off or if ower is lost. Thecurrent de!ice configuration of a Cisco de!ice known as the r)nningconfig)ration is stored in the 58A". The configuration often includes thecurrent name set on the de!ice. 'f you want the name to be ermanent


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Cisco de!ices undergo different configuration modes de ending on how you intend toexecute configuration commands on the de!ice. These configurations are interrelated toeach other.

. 0ser %$ec -ode

This mode is read-only. 'n other words, when the de!ice is in this mode, de!iceusers cannot reconfigure the current settings of the de!ice. 't can merely show you the list of commands but you cannot use these commands to change theconfiguration setting of the de!ice. To set the de!ice to )ser e!ec mode , you mustTelnet the connection in the console ort until the interface dis lays%

!e4ice5na e >

. Priv %$ec -ode

+hould you need to reconfigure the current settings of the de!ice, you can shiftthe Cisco de!ice setting from )ser e!ec mode to pri$ilege e!ec mode or sim ly, pri$ e!ec mode by im lementing the following command%

enable

Command 5)ide" Ena%ling 8ri$ E!ec 7ode


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The user interface should now dis lay the following%

!e4ice5na e #

1. Glo#al Con'iguration

'n theory, pri$ilege e!ec mode should allow users to effect changes in theconfiguration of the Cisco de!ice but for some reason, most commands that canmake significant changes to the current de!ice configuration of the de!ice can bemade only if glo%al config)ration is enabled. *nlike pri$ e!ec mode , globalconfiguration can make changes not $ust on a single ort but also for the entirede!ice.

?lobal configuration is enabled by any of the following commands%

configure ter inalconfig terconfig t

Command 5)ide" Ena%ling 5lo%al Config)ration

The user interface should now dis lay the following%

!e4ice5na e (config) #

'f you wish to return to pri$ e!ec mode* im lement this command%

e6it

Command 5)ide" Ena%ling 5lo%al Config)ration

4. Inter'ace Prompt

E!en dee er


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!e4ice5na e (config3if) #

. *ine Prompt

Aside from interface prompt , you can also access the line prompt when

configuring s ecific orts like console orts, auxiliary orts and Telnet orts. Toaccess the line prompt from the global configuration, you can use the followingcommand%

line con 0

Command 5)ide" Ena%ling Line 8rompt

The interface should then dis lay%

(config3line) #

"etermining the Cisco I+' #ersions

't is likely that each Cisco de!ice is running a different ')+ !ersion so e!en beforecreating a network using Cisco de!ice, it is always handy to determine the ')+ !ersion.+ome ')+ !ersions may ha!e commands that may not be acce ted in other ')+ !ersions.

;hen the Cisco de!ice loads the ')+ from the flash memory, the following information

is dis layed%*yste 7ootstrap8 9ersion 1. 1( r)T.8 RE&E *E *;FT< RE (fc1)%opyright (c) .000 by %isco *yste s8 Inc

'n the abo!e dis lay, the ')+ !ersion is .

6elp '$stem

't is hard to memori(e all the commands found in this book so your best friend whenracticing command codes is the 9elp System found in Cisco ')+. @el +ystem lists all

the commands needed to com lete a task in!ol!ing a Cisco de!ice. +im ly key in%

=

Command 5)ide" #ccessing 9elp System

/e ending on the ')+ !ersion, the following commands will be dis layed%


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e4ice5+a e > =E6ec co an!s:

Ter inal *et ter inal line para eterstelnet ;pen a telnet lin?sho$ isplay running syste infor ation

resu e %ontinue an acti4e net$or? connectione6it &ea4e current o!essh ;pen a protecte! shell client lin?enable Turn on pri4ilege! co an!s!isconnect isconnect a current net$or? connectionping Trans it echo essageslogout E6it fro the current o!eip4@ ip4@connect 7egin a ter inal connectionA13BB> *ession nu ber to resu e


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Chapter *Cisco "e#ice 2anagement

By default, Cisco de!ice configurations are stored in two laces% running-config file


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'n the re!ious cha ter, you learned that the Gco yG command to transitionconfiguration files from running-config to startu config. The syntax for the saidcommand is as follows%

%opy running3config startup3config

Command 5)ide" Back)p Config)ration

'f you analy(e the abo!e command guide, the syntax always begins with the co y command, follow by the origin directory and then the destination directory. The syntaxfor co y can therefore be seen as%

%opy Csource !irectoryD C!estination !irectoryD

&ollowing the abo!e syntax format, co ying the back-u configuration files from therunning-config directly to the enabled tft ser!er can be accom lished through thefollowing command code%

%opy running3config tftp

Command 5)ide" Back)p Config)ration

estoring Con'iguration 'rom T"TP !erver

)nce your configuration is backed u to a T&T2 ser!er, you can then restore thatconfiguration at any oint in time to your Cisco de!ice. To restore the configuration, youuse the co y command, but this time you fli the source and destination arameters

around so that the source is the T&T2 ser!er and the destination is the runningconfiguration, as shown here%

%opy tftp running3config

To test this command, you can change the name of the router from NH-8 to NH-8 b. After the restore o eration is com lete, you should ha!e the old router name a liedfrom the configuration file stored on the T&T2 ser!er.

NH-8 Ienable

NH-8 Jconfig termNH-8


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&acking up your IO!

't is im ortant to back u your configuration, but you should also back u the Cisco ')+from your router to the T&T2 ser!er, $ust in case the ')+ is corru ted on your de!ice. 'n

the case where the ')+ is corru t on your de!ice, you can restore the ')+ from the T&T2ser!er K as long as you ha!e backed it u to the T&T2 ser!er.

'n order to back u the ')+, you need to know the filename of the ')+ that is stored inthe flash memory you wish to back u . To !iew a list of files in flash memory, you use theshow flash command. The ')+ file is a file stored in flash that has a .bin extension andmost likely has a filename that symboli(es the series of the de!ice you are working with.The following


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Assessment Acti#it$: Cisco Technolog$

Part %:Cisco &outing Technolog$ Chapter 9Basic &outing Technolog$

Chapter 'tatic &outing

Chapter ;"$namic &outing Protocols

Assessment Acti#it$: Cisco &outing Technolog$

Part (:Cisco 'witching Technolog$ Chapter 3Introduction to 'witching

Chapter Basic 'witching Configuration

Assessment Acti#it$: Cisco 'witching Technolog$

Part ):Troubleshooting Networks


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Chapter !Troubleshooting Network Communications

Chapter %'ecurit$ Practices

Assessment Acti#it$: Troubleshooting Networks

Part *:+ther CCENT TopicsChapter (CCENT,&elated Terminolog$

Chapter )

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Cisco CCENT Networking for Beginners

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