Cisco Introduction to Wireless

8/4/2019 Cisco Introduction to Wireless

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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr

WMT-101

3101_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1


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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 2

WMT-101


Introduction toWireless Technology

Session WMT-101

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Agenda

Requirements and Marketplace

Basics of Radio Technology

Fixed Wireless Overview

Mobile Wireless Overview

Wireless LAN Overview Q&A


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Requirements and Marketplace

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Wireless Data Network Drivers

Information access

PDAs

Network computers

Alpha paging,informationdistribution

Web

Audio and video


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What Is the Interest in Wireless?

No more cables

Mobility

Increased productivity

Competition

Flexibility

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Some Wireless Data Solutions

Field servicedispatch, parts/order,electronic signature, package tracking

Public safetyparking enforcement,ambulance-hospital links, anti-theft

Financialnews, brokerage, pricing

Telemetryhealth care, vending machines,

alarm systems, energy Identificationinventory in warehouse and

stores, anti-theft


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Wireless BroadbandLocal Loop

Wireless BroadbandLocal Loop

Point-Point/Multipoint

Wireless

Point-Point/Multipoint

Wireless

Ciscos Wireless Data Initiatives

Mobile Cellular Voice/DataCommunications

Mobile Cellular Voice/DataCommunications

Wireless LAN

WMT-101


Emerging and Existing

Wireless Data Technologies

Wireless LAN and PAN: IEEE 802.11,Bluetooth, HomeRF

Fixed wireless: MMDS, LMDS, satellitedish, microwave, optical

Mobile wireless: PCS, GSM, CDMA,TDMA, 2.5 G, 3G


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WMT-101


Wireless Data Networks

Local Wide

Coverage Area

DataRates

9.6 Kbps

19.6 Kbps

56 Kbps

1 Mbps

2 Mbps

4 Mbps

10 Mbps

Broadband PCSBroadband PCSMetricom

Satellite

SpreadSpectrumWireless

LANs

SpreadSpectrumWireless

LANs

Circuit and Packet DataCellular, CDPD, RAM, ARDIS

Circuit and Packet DataCellular, CDPD, RAM, ARDIS

Narrowband PCSNarrowband PCS

Infrared

WirelessLANs

Infrared

WirelessLANs

Narrow BandWireless LANsNarrow Band

Wireless LANs

LMDS and MMDSLMDS and MMDS

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Introduction to Radio Spectrum


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Radio Basics

Waves are measured byfrequency of movement

Radio devices operate inbands or a designatedfrequency range

Frequency = f = V / ? ?(m/sec)

1 Cycle (? )

2 Cycles in 1 Second = 2 Hertz

Time

1 Second

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The Electromagnetic Spectrum


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Regulation of Wireless

Radio Frequency (RF) is a scarceand shared resource

Each country regulates the use of the radiospectrum by a government agency

In the U.S. it is the F.C.C. that allocatesspectrum for use and resolves conflictdisputes)

Internationally coordinated throughthe ITU (International TelecommunicationsUnion)

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Spectrum Licensing

Spectrum can be allocated for specific users

Civil, government or military

Acquired via auction or beauty contest

Unlicensed or Industrial, Scientific andMedical (ISM) bands

In most countries does not require a license, but

may require registrationNeeds to conform to power and other parametersto reduce interference


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What Is SpreadSpectrum RF Technology?

Data sent over the air waves

Two-way radio communications

Same radio frequency for sendingand receiving

No licensing required

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1 GHz 2.5 3.5 5.8 10 24 26 28 38 40 60

LOSLOS

5000

2000

13501000

400300

200

20 30

Voice,

Data, Fax,

ISDN

256 Kbps256 Kbps

1 to 50

Mbps

1 to 50

Mbps

+ TDM

Leased Lines

Bandwidth(MHz)

1400

200

100

Access Spectrum

Availability and Comparison

+ High Speed

Internet and

Multimedia

+ UltraHigh-Speed

LAN/WAN

No LOSNo LOS

10 to 100

Mbps

10 to 100

Mbps

>100 Mbps>100 Mbps


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Spectrum Suitability

Less than 6 GHz

Long range (up to 45 km), non Line of Sight(LOS), not affected by weather

Greater 6 GHz

Line of Sight (LOS), short range(15 km), affected by weather, morespectrum (1 Ghz)

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Wireless Basics


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Wireless Basics

Signals

Modulation

Access technology

Antenna theory

Range

Interference

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Data Bandwidth Depends on...

Frequency bandwidth

Modulation techniques


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Transmitting a Signal

The goal of sending data over RF is to getinformation across with as much data aspossible, sending it as far as possible andas fast as possible

More data can be placed on a signal in oneof two ways:

More frequency usedComplex modulation

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Signal Processing

Analog Digital

FilterFilter

AudioSignal

Audio

Filter

High Frequencies Changes Reduced

Micro-

processor

Micro-

processor

Analog

Signal

PerformsSampling

and Coding

Digital

Signal

To RadioModulator


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Radio Modulation

More information =

More frequencyspectrum used

3K

175K

4500K

Bandwidth in KHz

TV Signal

FM Radio Signal

CB Radio Signal

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Radio Modulation

High speed modem compressesthe data to use the same line as anold 300 baud modem; this meansthe same bandwidth is available

56K modems require a better(quieter) phone line tocommunicate at the higher speed

If there is noise on the line, themodem will drop down in speedto connect

Mode noise, less speed Complex modulation requires

better signal strength, thereforeless coverage is available

Signal Strength

Strong Med Weak

Low Med High

Noise Level


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System Access Technology

Frequency division multiple access

Time division multiple access

Code division multiple access

Frequency hopping

Each Technique Varies in Its Efficiency(Throughput), Interference and Range; Depends

on Application and Environment

Each Technique Varies in Its Efficiency(Throughput), Interference and Range; Depends

on Application and Environment

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Frequency

1

2

3

Frequency

TDMA FDMA

Time Time

TDMA and FDMA

11

Channel 1Channel 1

Channel 2Channel 2

Channel 3Channel 3

22 33 11 22 33


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Frequency

CDMA

1 Bit

A long Code is Used to Generate

a Mask for Each Radio

Typically a Code is Transmitted

on a Separate Channel

Time

CDMA

11 44 2 5 33 11

2 66 33 44 99 5

33 5 77 11 2 44

11 11

11

2

2

2

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Frequency Hopping

79 channels, 1 MHz each Changes frequency (hops) at least

every 0.4 seconds

Synchronized hopping required

Time2.400 GHz

2.483 GHz

Frequency

1122

33

4455

6677

8899


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Antenna Concepts

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Maxicell

>10 Miles

Macrocell410 Miles

Sector

Coverage Area

Microcell

12 Miles


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Antenna Concepts

Directionality

Omni (360 degree coverage) directional

Directional (limited range of coverage)

Gain

Measured in dBi and dBd. (0 dBd = 2.14 dBi)

More gain means more coveragein certain directions!

Polarization

Antennas are used in the vertical polarization

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Antenna Gain In life you never get something for

nothing, the same is true in antenna gain

If the gain of an antenna goes up, thecoverage area or angle goes down

Coverage areas or radiation patterns aremeasured in degrees

These angles are referred to asbeamwidth, and have a horizontal andvertical measurement


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Antenna Theory

A theoretical antenna(Isotropic) hasa perfect 360 degreevertical andhorizontal beamwidth

This is a reference for

all antennas

Side View(Vertical Pattern)

Top View(Horizontal Pattern)

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Antenna TheoryDipole

To obtain omnidirectionalgain from an isotropicantenna, the energy lobes

are pushed in from the topand bottom, and forced out ina doughnut type pattern

The higher the gain smallerthe vertical beamwidth, andthe more horizontal lobe area

This is the typical dipolepattern; gain of a dipole is2.14dBi (0dBd)

Side View

(Vertical Pattern)

Top View

(Horizontal Pattern)

New Pattern (with Gain)

Vertical Beamwidth


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High Gain Omnidirectionals

High gainomnidirectional antennaswill create morecoverage area in fardistances, but the energylevel directly below theantenna will becomelower, and coverage heremay be poor

Area of Poor Coverage DirectlyUnder the Antenna

Beamwidth

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Directional Antennas

For directionalantennas the lobesare pushed in acertain direction,causing the energy tomove be condensed ina particular area

Very little energy is inthe back side of adirectional antenna

Side View(Vertical Pattern)

Top View(Horizontal Pattern)


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Cables Lengths Examplefor Aironet Antennas

Coax cable presents a loss for the RF signal

2.4 GHz maximum recommended length is 100feetwith the new cable

Loss FactorLoss Factor CableCable

20 Ft. Cable20 Ft. Cable N/AN/A

50 Ft. Cable50 Ft. Cable 2.22.2



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Diversity and Multipath

In a multipathenvironment, signalsnull points are locatedthroughout the area

Moving the antennaslightly will allow youto move out of a null

point and receive thesignal correctly

RX1

RX2

TX

Ceiling

Obstacle

Dual Antennas Typically Mean if One

Antenna Is in a Null, the Other One Will

Not be, therefore Providing Better

Performance in Multi-path

Environments


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Multipath

Ceiling

Floor

TXRX

Obstruction

Time

Received Signals

Combined Results

Time

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Multipath and FH

The distance an RF wavetravels, how it bounces andwhere the multipath nullsoccur are based on thewavelength of the frequency

As frequency changes, sodoes the wavelength

Therefore as frequencychanges, so will the locationof the multipath null

Wavelength

24002500

TX

Ceiling

Obstacle2.5 GHz

2.4 GHz


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Multipath (Cont.)

Multipath signals can causehigh RF signal strength, butpoor signal quality levels

Bottom line

Low RF signal strength does not meanpoor communications

Low signal quality DOES mean poorcommunications

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Range Depends on...

Frequency

Transmit power

Radio sensitivity

Processing gain from access techniqueand redundancy

Interference effects (-)


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Reach Distance from Hub

Point-to-Multipoint

28 GHz

38 GHz38 GHz

5.34 6.92

Reach Distance*, Km

*Assume Rain Zone K, Single Channel

per Transmitter, Same Power, Same

dB Gain Antennas for All Frequencies

Reach Distance**, Km

**Assume Rain Zone K, 6cm Antennae for

99.995% Average Availability,

Vertical Polarization

3.577.5 5.0

2.5 GHz2.5 GHz

20.050.0

24 GHz24 GHz

4014

23 GHz

6 GHz

28 GHz

2.5 GHz 6 GHz6 GHz

Point-to-Point

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Interference Is Caused By...

Obstacles like buildings, trees, walls thatabsorb or refract signals

Atmospherics like rain, fog,solar spots

Other electromagnetic devices

Interference Can Appear as Noise orCan Cause Loss of Signal Strength

Interference Can Appear as Noise orCan Cause Loss of Signal Strength


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Fixed Wireless Overview

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Ciscos Fixed Wireless

Provides last mile access

Point to point up to 44.4Mbps per sector

Multipoint up to 22.2Mbps per sector

P2P

DedicatedBandwidth

P2MPShared

Bandwidth

P2MP Sector


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Point to Multipoint Features

Small-cell and single-cell deployment

Open interfacespart of Cisco'sdedication to open architectures

Highly efficient MAC protocol, based onthe industry standard DOCSIS MAC

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Choice of Frequencies

NoNoYesYesLicense RequiredLicense Required

YesYesYesYesLOS and NLOSLOS and NLOS

7 Miles (Approximately)7 Miles (Approximately)25 Miles (Approximately)25 Miles (Approximately)MultipointMultipoint

20 Miles (Approximately)20 Miles (Approximately)25 Miles (Approximately)25 Miles (Approximately)Point-to-PointPoint-to-Point

CoverageCoverage

1.5 MHz, 3MHz, or 6 MHz1.5 MHz, 3MHz, or 6 MHz1.5 MHz, 3 MHz, or 6 MHz1.5 MHz, 3 MHz, or 6 MHzChannel SizeChannel Size

5.7 Ghz5.7 Ghz2.5 Ghz2.5 GhzSpectrum BandSpectrum Band

U-NII

(Unlicensed)

U-NII

(Unlicensed)

MMDS

(Multichannel MultipointDistribution System)

MMDS

(Multichannel MultipointDistribution System)


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Headend and Subscriber Overview

Headend can support one downstreamand four upstream channels

Subscriber supports one downstream andupstream channel pair

Downstream and upstream channels mayhave bandwidths of 1.5, 3 and 6 MHz

Headend and subscriber both supportantenna diversity

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Point-to-Point for Campus Networks

PTP links in UNIIbands available toextend PMP coveragebeyond LOSconstraints

Intra-campus data can

be transported withoutusing up cell capacity 90 Sector of PMP Network

PMP

LinkPM

P

Link

UNII Band PTP LinksUNII Band PTP Links

LOSConstraints

LOSConstraints


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Point-to-Multipoint Features

Small-cell and single-cell deployment

Multipath robustness

Adjusts transmit power of subscribers tomaintain desired signal levels at headend

Headend and subscriber both support

antenna diversity

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Point-to-Point Network Overview

Internet

PSTN

Service

Provider

PBX

SubscriberUnit

Headend

Headend

Subscriber Unit

Subscriber Unit

Subscriber Unit


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Building New World Networks withUnlicensed Wireless Spectrum

(http://www/warp/public/cc/pd/witc/wt2700/2750/bbfw_wp.htm)

Ciscos Broadband Wireless Solutions

(http://www/warp/public/cc/pd/witc/wt2700/2750/brwis_ai.htm)

VOFDM and Fixed Wireless

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Fixed Wireless VOFDM Association

www.bwif.org


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Mobile Wireless Overview

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Freq {1}Freq {1}

Freq {0}Freq {0}

Freq {4}Freq {4}

Freq {3}Freq {3}

Freq {2}Freq {2}

Freq {5}Freq {5}

Freq {6}Freq {6}

Freq {1}Freq {1}

Freq {5}Freq {5}

Freq {6}Freq {6}

Why Is It Called Cellular? Originally one set of frequencies

across a metro

Limited number of simultaneous

conversations

Idea was to allocate a subset offrequencies to small areas orcells

Allowed re-use of frequency sets aslong as not adjacent

Vastly increased capacity

Shrink cell sizes to add even more

Mobility (call hand-off) required

Roaming


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Radio Frequencies

Licenses are required

Most common frequency bands are 800,900, 1800 and 1900 Mhz

No single worldwide standard for roaming

Some regions or countries use a singlestandard and frequencies (mandated)

Some countries use more than one standardand frequencies (open market orless regulated)

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Spectrum Allocation for Mobile

Wireless Services

GSM, PHS, and PCS are the current systems used fordigital wireless communications in Europe, Japan, andthe U.S., respectively

IMT 2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications) is theofficial term referring to 3G services


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The Mobile Wireless Historyand Roadmap

1st Generation1st Generation

DeploymentDeployment

TechnologyTechnology

ServicesServices

Air InterfacesAir Interfaces

Data RatesData Rates

2nd Generation2nd Generation 3rd Generation(3G)

3rd Generation(3G)

Post 3GPost 3G

1980s1980s 1990s1990s Starting 2001Starting 2001 Starting 2003-4Starting 2003-4

Analog-FDMAAnalog-FDMADigital -Mostly

TDMA and CDMA

Based

Digital -Mostly

TDMA and CDMA

BasedPacket/IPPacket/IP AII-IPAII-IP

Ubiquity-VoiceUbiquity-VoiceUbiquity ServicesVoice, SMS,Circuit

and Basic Packet Data

UbiquityServicesVoice, SMS,Circuit

and Basic Packet Data

Advanced Packet

Data

Advanced Packet

Data MultimediaMultimedia

AMPS-NMTAMPS-NMTGSM, IS-136,

IS-95, PDC,

GSM, IS-136,

IS-95, PDC,


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3G Mobile Terminals

Feature Phone:Voice Centric Design and FeaturesLimited WAP-Browsing and Text Entry Capabilities

Smart Phone:Voice and DataFull-Blown WAP-BrowsingBasic PDA-Like Capabilities

PDA:Data CentricBasic Voice Support

Multimedia Phone:Color Video and RichMedia Capabilities

PC Card:For Laptops

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Wireless Architecture Today Proprietary

Slower rate of innovation and higher costs

Hierarchical

Bottlenecks

Circuitswitched

Inefficient use of bandwidth

MSC

PSTN

IP

Circuit

Backbone

Hosted App.

IN


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Mobile Wireless InternetArchitecture in the Future

Open interfaces

Service and transportindependence

Services ecosystem

Distributed

Scalable

Packet based

Bandwidth efficient

Options for integratedservices

Open IP StandardsOpen IP Standards

Third-PartyApplications

HostedApplications IN

IP

Internet

Enterprise

PSTN

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CircuitNetwork

The Road to IP

1st Phase: Circuit Data Services BSS routes the call to the MSC

MSC recognizes the call as data and initiates a

V.110 call setup to the PSTN-SS7 network

MSC packs the raw asynchronous data into the

64K ISDN data channel

Call is routed to Cisco AS5300 or AS5800 universalaccess servers capable of terminating the V.110 call

2G

Data

Corp Intranet

InternetAS5x00 AccessPool w/ V.110

SC2200 SS7Gateway

WAPGateway

WAP/WEB Contentand Services

Value Chain

Circ. DataCirc. Data

VoiceVoice

Voice

BSC

MSC CircuitSwitch

2G

PSTN/ISDN/

SS7

IP Core

Network

0 Mos

Circuit Packet

Traffic


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Enabling Data Services

CircuitNetwork

MSC CircuitSwitch

ChargingGateway Function

ChargingGateway Function

The Road to IP2nd Phase: Packet Data Services

Higher speed interfaces and always-ondata services, and enable operators to

charge by packet instead of connect time

A PCU (Packet Control Unit) in the BSC

converts data traffic to packets and steersit to the GPRS (in GSM networks) or the

PDSN (in CDMA systems) where itaccesses the packet network

Management

(SNMP)

Management

(SNMP)

DHCP ServerDHCP Server DNS ServerDNS Server

SecurityServer (RADIUS)

SecurityServer (RADIUS)

Application

Server

Application

Server

Voice

INServices

NetworkFeature

ServerPDSN/GPRS

BSC

DataInternal IPNetwork

Value Chain

DataData

VoiceVoice

VPNVPN

2G/2.5G2G

0-6 Mos

Circuit Packet

Traffic

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CircuitVoice

INServices

Network

Feature

Servers

The Road to IP

3rd Phase: Integrated Voice/Data Services

Voice and data are integrated in the RAN The RNC terminates circuit voice in legacy

MSC or in 04.08 proxy in the IP core, with call

control and transport occurring in the

packet core

Circuit and packet cores can talk to the SS7network and intelligent network platforms to

terminate calls to and from the PSTN

PacketData

Packet

Gateway

BSC

Voice(Legacy

Features)

Packet Network

(Internet)

RAN

IP Core

12-18 Mos

PDSN/GSN

Access

Node

RNC

04.08 ProxyR99Voice

Value Chain

Circuit Packet

Traffic

2G/2.5G2G 3G

MSC CircuitSwitch

CircuitNetwork Circuit/

SignalingGateway

FeatureServer(s)

CallAgent

MobilityManager

DataData

VoiceVoice

VPNVPN

Packet VoicePacket Voice

MultimediaMultimedia

UnifiedCommunications



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The Road to IP4th Phase: True Peer-To-Peer Network

True peer to peer architectureall traditionalMSC services offered by distributed servers in

the IP core: Call Agent (CA), Mobility ControlFunction (MCF), Bearer Path Gateway (BP-GW),

Media Gateway Controller (MGC), PSTN GW,SS7 GW, and Feature Servers (FS)

HLR/VLR functions will be provided by aSubscriber DataBase (SDB)

Circuit/SignalingGateway

FeatureServer(s)

2G/2.5G2G

IN ServicesNetwork

Feature

ServersRNC

3G

Data +PacketVoice

MSC CircuitSwitch

Packet

Gateway

BSC

Voice

(LegacyFeatures)

CallAgent

Packet

Network(Internet)

IP Core

Circuit Packet

18-30 Mos

PDSN/GPRS

CircuitNetwork

MobilityManager

Value Chain

DataData

VoiceVoice

VPNVPN

MultimediaMultimedia



Packet VoicePacket Voice

Traffic

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Common IP Architecture

Services

Core Network

Access Network(s)

Internet

PTSN

Radio Network

Controller

Unified

Communications

Unified

CommunicationsVoice

Features

Voice

Features eCommerceeCommerce

WebHosting

WebHosting

LocationServices

LocationServices

Other FeatureServers

Other FeatureServers

WirelineWireline cdmaOnecdmaOne CDMA2000CDMA2000UMTSUMTS TDMATDMAGSMGSM

AccessControl

Core IPNetwork

Mgt

Call Agent

Mobility

Management


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References

Mobile IP: The Internet Unplugged,Solomon, James D., Prentice Hall, 1998

Mobile and Wireless Networks,Black, Uyless, Prentice Hall, 1999

Cisco IOS Mobile IP:

http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/cisco/mkt/ios/rel/120/prodlit/817_pb.htm

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Mobile Wireless Internet Association

www.mwf.org


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Wireless LAN Overview

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IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE 802.11 became a standard in July 1997

IEEE 802.11B became a standard inSeptember 1999

Three technologies defined:

FHSS1 Mbps and 2 Mbps

DSSS2 Mbps and 11Mb

Infrared

802.11 defines a high-performance radio

802.11 promises true vendor interoperability (overthe air)


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IEEE 802.11 Standard

802.11 incorporates manyARLAN features

Power management

Active scanning

Registering (association) with AP

Concept of roaming

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Market RequirementMarket Requirement Proof PointsProof Points

Customer WLAN Requirements

Up to 128 Bit Wired Equivalent Privacy

(WEP)

Up to 128 Bit Wired Equivalent Privacy

(WEP)

ManageableManageable

ScalableScalable

Standards-BasedStandards-Based

SecureSecure

802.11(b); FCC-Certified802.11(b); FCC-Certified

Roaming to Extend the Network;

Deployment in Large Enterprise Facilities

Roaming to Extend the Network;

Deployment in Large Enterprise Facilities

Must Integrate with Existing

LAN Management Infrastructure

Must Integrate with Existing

LAN Management Infrastructure


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IEEE 802.11 Impact

Enables BASIC interoperability over the air

DS adapters from different vendorscan interact

FH adapters from different vendorscan interact

System level interoperabilityrequires more...

Vendor co-operation

Higher level protocol agreement

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802.11bHigher Datarate

With the need for higher datarate, 802.11decided to add more specifications

Ratified in September, 1999 an11 MB specification was ratified

Direct sequence only

Utilizing CCK modulation


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Radio Technology

Direct SequenceSpread Spectrum(DSSS)

900 MHz, 2.4 GHz

One piece PCMCIAradio product

1, 2, 5.5 and 11 MB

25 mile bridge links

Fully compliant802.11 at all speeds

Frequency HoppingSpread Spectrum(FHSS)

2.4 GHz frequency

One piece PCMCIAradio product

Fully compliant802.11

1 and 2 MB

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Security

128-bit (strong encryption)802.11 optional WiredEquivalent Privacy (WEP)

Inherent security ofspread spectrum

User authorizationusing 802.1X


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ISM UnlicensedFrequency Bands

ExtremelyLow

VeryLow

Low MediumHigh VeryHigh

Infrared VisibleLight

Ultra-violet

X-Rays

Audio

AM Broadcast

Short Wave Radio FM Broadcast

Television Infrared Wireless LAN

902928 MHz26 MHz

902928 MHz26 MHz

Cellular (840 MHz)NPCS (1.9 GHz)

2.42.4835 GHz83.5 MHz

(IEEE 802.11)

5 GHz(IEEE 802.11)HyperLAN

HyperLAN2

5 GHz

(IEEE 802.11)HyperLAN

HyperLAN2

UltraHigh

SuperHigh

WMT-101


Global RF Regulations

900 MHz and 2.4 GHz Unlicensed Usage

2.4 GHz Unlicensed Usage


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Direct Sequence Modulation

Each data bit becomes a string of chips(chipping sequence) transmitted in parallelacross a wide frequency range

Minimum chip rate per the FCC is 10; Aironetuses 11 for 1 and 2 MB data rates

If the data bit was: 1001

Chipping code is: 1=00110011011 0=11001100100

Transmitted data would be:

00110011011 11001100100 11001100100 0110011011

1 0 0 1

WMT-101


Frequency

2.4

GHz

2.4

835GHz

Time

1

2

3

Frequency

2.4

GHz

2.4

835GHz

Frequency Hopping Direct Sequence

Channel 1Channel 1

Channel 3Channel 3

Channel 2Channel 2

FH vs. DS: A Summary on

Interference Handling

FH system hops around interference

Lost packets are re -transmittedon next hop

Data may be decodedfrom redundant bits

Can move to an alternatechannel to avoid interference


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Direct Sequence vs.Frequency Hopping (802.11)

DSDS FHFH

PROsPROs

CONsCONs

FasterUp to 11 Mbps

Greater Range

Multimedia Support

FasterUp to 11 Mbps

Greater Range

Multimedia Support

Multipath ResistantMultipath Resistant

Slower2 Mbps MaxLimited Range

Slower2 Mbps MaxLimited Range

WMT-101


Data Rates

The over-the-air data rate at a given rangeand given similar implementations will favorDSSS by a factor of 2 to 1

A 1 Mbps DSSS system should have twicethe range of a 1 Mbps FHSS

2 Mbps DSSS system will offer comparablerange to 1 Mbps FHSS technology

For these reasons, the data rate advantagegoes to DSSS


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RANGEFH vs DS

Because of this processing gain, the DSSStechnology will have more range thanFHSS at a given data rate

WMT-101


2 Mbps FHSS175 ft Radius

2 Mbps DSSS1 Mbps FHSS350 ft Radius

5.5 Mbps DSSS175 ft Radius

11 Mbps DSSS125 ft Radius

Access Point Coverage


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WMT-101


Wireless LANCompatibility Association

www.wi-fi.org

WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance)

WMT-101


Other Pointers

http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/(standards are available after 6 monthsfor free)

http://www/warp/public/44/jump/

wireless.shtml


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Summary

WMT-101


CDMA BldgEXIO

CDMA BldgEXIO

Cisco Wireless at a Glance

FixedFixed

BroadbandBroadband

MobileMobile

2GCellular

2GCellular

3GCellular

3GCellularWireless LAN

Wireless LAN

CampusCampus

UMTSCDMA 2000

UMTSCDMA 2000

MMDSClarity

MMDSClarity

802.11Aironet/Radiata

802.11Aironet/Radiata

GSM/GPRSCDMA/PDSN

GSM/GPRSCDMA/PDSN

GSM BldgJetCell

GSM BldgJetCell

IP RANIPMobile

IP RANIPMobile


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WMT-101


Ciscos Wireless ProductsOverview

End-to-end QOS Encryption

Secured VPN

Real-time billing End-to-end provisioning

IP unified communications

End-to-end QOS Encryption

Secured VPN

Real-time billing End-to-end provisioning

IP unified communications

Features:Features:

Branch

Office

IP-VPN

IP

Residential

MobileWireless

RF LinkRF Link

IPIP

RF

Link

RF

Link

Fixed Wireless

MMDS/U-NII

Access Network

Fixed Wireless

MMDS/U-NII

Access Network

PBX

H.323 GW

AS53002600/VG200

GSM Port

GSMMobility

Controller

GSM Port

Enterprise

OAM Browser

Ba

s

T

NT

Enterprise Cellular Voice/DataEnterprise Cellular Voice/Data

Internet

GPRS

Access

Network

100 Baset

LAN

PSTN

EnterpriseWireless Data

(WLAN)

EnterpriseWireless Data

(WLAN)

Service Provider

Core Voice/Data

Network

WMT-101


Interesting URLs

U.S. Office of Spectrum Managementhttp://www.ntia.doc.gov/osm

ITUhttp://www.itu.int/brfreqalloc/


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WMT-101


Other Networkers Presentations

WMT-210 Deploying and Managing Wireless LAN

WMT-230 Deploying Fixed Wireless Wide AreaNetworks

WMT-240 Deploying Mobile Wireless Applicationand Services

WMT-241 Deploying Packet Data Services inMobile Wireless Networks

WMT-310 Troubleshooting Wireless LANs

RST-110 Introduction to IP Mobility

WMT-101


Questions?


50/51


WMT-101


Introduction toWireless Technology

Session WMT-101

WMT-101


Please Complete YourEvaluation Form

Session WMT-101


51/51

WMT-101


Date post:	07-Apr-2018
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Cisco Introduction to Wireless

Documents