Civics Core 100, Civics Core 100, Goal 3Goal 3Goal 3: The learner will analyze how state and local Goal 3: The learner will analyze how state and local government is established by the North Carolina government is established by the North Carolina Constitution. Constitution.

Types of Local Types of Local GovernmentGovernment

Counties:Counties: the entire county (100 in NC) the entire county (100 in NC) Example: New Hanover CountyExample: New Hanover County

Municipalities:Municipalities: cities, towns, or villages cities, towns, or villages Example: Wilmington, Ogden, Wrightsville Beach, Carolina Beach, Kure Beach, Porters Example: Wilmington, Ogden, Wrightsville Beach, Carolina Beach, Kure Beach, Porters

NeckNeck Every county and municipal government has a legislative and executive branchEvery county and municipal government has a legislative and executive branch Raise money through taxes(PRIMARILY PROPERTY TAXES)Raise money through taxes(PRIMARILY PROPERTY TAXES) Spend public fundsSpend public funds Set and Implement public policiesSet and Implement public policies

What types of Local What types of Local Governments are there?Governments are there?

County County New Hanover County New Hanover County CityCity WilmingtonWilmington TownsTowns (Generally in New England)(Generally in New England) VillagesVillages Landfall?Landfall? Special Districts Special Districts New Hanover County New Hanover County

School Board: School Board: New Hanover New Hanover

CountyCounty Water and Sewer Water and Sewer

CharterCharter

Must get from the state to exist as a local Must get from the state to exist as a local governmentgovernment

Outlines the basic rules for the municipal Outlines the basic rules for the municipal governmentgovernment

Municipal charter can be changed by the Municipal charter can be changed by the General Assembly, or, by “home rule” General Assembly, or, by “home rule” amendments adopted by local amendments adopted by local governmentsgovernments

ReferendumReferendum

Way for citizens to approve or reject a Way for citizens to approve or reject a state or local lawstate or local law

Examples: School Bond ReferendumsExamples: School Bond Referendums

Initiative Initiative

Citizens can propose new laws or state Citizens can propose new laws or state constitutional amendmentsconstitutional amendments

Citizens who want a new law gather Citizens who want a new law gather signatures of qualified voters on a signatures of qualified voters on a petitionpetition Then, the proposed law (proposition) is put Then, the proposed law (proposition) is put

on the ballot at the next general electionon the ballot at the next general election

Leandro CaseLeandro Case

Leandro v. State of North Carolina, Leandro v. State of North Carolina, 19971997 North Carolina Supreme CourtNorth Carolina Supreme Court People from 5 NC counties filed a lawsuit against People from 5 NC counties filed a lawsuit against

the state claiming that the state was not giving their the state claiming that the state was not giving their children “adequate or equal educational children “adequate or equal educational opportunities”opportunities”

These counties were “low-wealth” counties with little These counties were “low-wealth” counties with little fundingfunding

Court ruled that the state constitution does Court ruled that the state constitution does not require equal funding of education but not require equal funding of education but does require an adequate education.does require an adequate education.

State v. MunnState v. Munn

18301830 Slaveholder, John Mann, was arrested for Slaveholder, John Mann, was arrested for

beating and wounding an enslaved Africa beating and wounding an enslaved Africa American named LydiaAmerican named Lydia

Chowan County convicted Mann of batteryChowan County convicted Mann of battery The NC Supreme Court overruled the decisionThe NC Supreme Court overruled the decision Ruled that the laws of NC state that Ruled that the laws of NC state that

slaveholders cannot be prosecuted for slaveholders cannot be prosecuted for attacking the enslaved.attacking the enslaved.

1414thth Amendment Amendment

18681868 U.S. citizen is anyone born or naturalized in the U.S. citizen is anyone born or naturalized in the

U.S.U.S. Citizens must have equal protection of the laws Citizens must have equal protection of the laws

and must be given due process of lawand must be given due process of law Incorporates the Bill of Rights to the States as Incorporates the Bill of Rights to the States as

well. With the 14well. With the 14thth Amendment the states must Amendment the states must follow the Bill of Rights as well.follow the Bill of Rights as well.

Civil RightsCivil Rights

Rights of full citizenship and equality Rights of full citizenship and equality under the lawunder the law

Usually associated with the struggles of Usually associated with the struggles of African Americans in the USAfrican Americans in the US 100 years + to secure their rights100 years + to secure their rights Civil Rights Act of 1964:Civil Rights Act of 1964: prohibited prohibited

discrimination in public facilities, discrimination in public facilities, employment, education, and voter employment, education, and voter registrationregistration

GovernorGovernor

Head of executive Head of executive branch in each branch in each statestate

NC’s governor = NC’s governor = Beverly PerdueBeverly Perdue

North Carolina executivesexecutives United States

Governor Leader President

30 years old, 5 year citizen, 2 year resident

Qualifications 35 years old, natural born citizen, 14 year resident

4 year terms- can serve 2 consecutive terms

Term 4 year terms- can serve only 2 terms or 10 years

Same as president except no chief diplomat

Roles of Leader HELP JED C Head of state, chief Executive,

Legislative leader, Party leader, Judicial leader, Economic leader, chief Diplomat, Commander-in-Chief

Appointed by the Governor, more of an advisory role

Cabinet Appointed by the President, approved by the Senate, runs executive departments

Elected officials running key executive departments, do not answer to the governor

Council of State None. The executive department secretaries report to the President

Recall Removal process impeachment

Council of StateCouncil of State

Executive department heads elected by Executive department heads elected by the people of the state.the people of the state.

These individuals are different from the These individuals are different from the governor’s or president’s cabinet in that governor’s or president’s cabinet in that they are directly elected by the people they are directly elected by the people and therefore actually limit the governor’s and therefore actually limit the governor’s powers.powers.

Examples: Secretary of Insurance, etc.Examples: Secretary of Insurance, etc.

MayorMayor

Head of executive Head of executive branch in each citybranch in each city

New Hanover New Hanover County’s Mayor = County’s Mayor = Bill SaffoBill Saffo

General AssemblyGeneral Assembly

North Carolina’s State LegislatureNorth Carolina’s State Legislature Creates NC’s local governments and Creates NC’s local governments and

decides what authority and responsibility decides what authority and responsibility they havethey have

City CouncilCity Council

Local form of gov’tLocal form of gov’t Elected officials sit on city’s councilElected officials sit on city’s council Make decisions for the cityMake decisions for the city