Civics Core 100, Civics Core 100, Goal 3Goal 3Goal 3: The learner will analyze how state and local Goal 3: The learner will analyze how state and local government is established by the North Carolina government is established by the North Carolina Constitution. Constitution.
Types of Local Types of Local GovernmentGovernment
Counties:Counties: the entire county (100 in NC) the entire county (100 in NC) Example: New Hanover CountyExample: New Hanover County
Municipalities:Municipalities: cities, towns, or villages cities, towns, or villages Example: Wilmington, Ogden, Wrightsville Beach, Carolina Beach, Kure Beach, Porters Example: Wilmington, Ogden, Wrightsville Beach, Carolina Beach, Kure Beach, Porters
NeckNeck Every county and municipal government has a legislative and executive branchEvery county and municipal government has a legislative and executive branch Raise money through taxes(PRIMARILY PROPERTY TAXES)Raise money through taxes(PRIMARILY PROPERTY TAXES) Spend public fundsSpend public funds Set and Implement public policiesSet and Implement public policies
What types of Local What types of Local Governments are there?Governments are there?
County County New Hanover County New Hanover County CityCity WilmingtonWilmington TownsTowns (Generally in New England)(Generally in New England) VillagesVillages Landfall?Landfall? Special Districts Special Districts New Hanover County New Hanover County
School Board: School Board: New Hanover New Hanover
CountyCounty Water and Sewer Water and Sewer
CharterCharter
Must get from the state to exist as a local Must get from the state to exist as a local governmentgovernment
Outlines the basic rules for the municipal Outlines the basic rules for the municipal governmentgovernment
Municipal charter can be changed by the Municipal charter can be changed by the General Assembly, or, by “home rule” General Assembly, or, by “home rule” amendments adopted by local amendments adopted by local governmentsgovernments
ReferendumReferendum
Way for citizens to approve or reject a Way for citizens to approve or reject a state or local lawstate or local law
Examples: School Bond ReferendumsExamples: School Bond Referendums
Initiative Initiative
Citizens can propose new laws or state Citizens can propose new laws or state constitutional amendmentsconstitutional amendments
Citizens who want a new law gather Citizens who want a new law gather signatures of qualified voters on a signatures of qualified voters on a petitionpetition Then, the proposed law (proposition) is put Then, the proposed law (proposition) is put
on the ballot at the next general electionon the ballot at the next general election
Leandro CaseLeandro Case
Leandro v. State of North Carolina, Leandro v. State of North Carolina, 19971997 North Carolina Supreme CourtNorth Carolina Supreme Court People from 5 NC counties filed a lawsuit against People from 5 NC counties filed a lawsuit against
the state claiming that the state was not giving their the state claiming that the state was not giving their children “adequate or equal educational children “adequate or equal educational opportunities”opportunities”
These counties were “low-wealth” counties with little These counties were “low-wealth” counties with little fundingfunding
Court ruled that the state constitution does Court ruled that the state constitution does not require equal funding of education but not require equal funding of education but does require an adequate education.does require an adequate education.
State v. MunnState v. Munn
18301830 Slaveholder, John Mann, was arrested for Slaveholder, John Mann, was arrested for
beating and wounding an enslaved Africa beating and wounding an enslaved Africa American named LydiaAmerican named Lydia
Chowan County convicted Mann of batteryChowan County convicted Mann of battery The NC Supreme Court overruled the decisionThe NC Supreme Court overruled the decision Ruled that the laws of NC state that Ruled that the laws of NC state that
slaveholders cannot be prosecuted for slaveholders cannot be prosecuted for attacking the enslaved.attacking the enslaved.
1414thth Amendment Amendment
18681868 U.S. citizen is anyone born or naturalized in the U.S. citizen is anyone born or naturalized in the
U.S.U.S. Citizens must have equal protection of the laws Citizens must have equal protection of the laws
and must be given due process of lawand must be given due process of law Incorporates the Bill of Rights to the States as Incorporates the Bill of Rights to the States as
well. With the 14well. With the 14thth Amendment the states must Amendment the states must follow the Bill of Rights as well.follow the Bill of Rights as well.
Civil RightsCivil Rights
Rights of full citizenship and equality Rights of full citizenship and equality under the lawunder the law
Usually associated with the struggles of Usually associated with the struggles of African Americans in the USAfrican Americans in the US 100 years + to secure their rights100 years + to secure their rights Civil Rights Act of 1964:Civil Rights Act of 1964: prohibited prohibited
discrimination in public facilities, discrimination in public facilities, employment, education, and voter employment, education, and voter registrationregistration
GovernorGovernor
Head of executive Head of executive branch in each branch in each statestate
NC’s governor = NC’s governor = Beverly PerdueBeverly Perdue
North Carolina executivesexecutives United States
Governor Leader President
30 years old, 5 year citizen, 2 year resident
Qualifications 35 years old, natural born citizen, 14 year resident
4 year terms- can serve 2 consecutive terms
Term 4 year terms- can serve only 2 terms or 10 years
Same as president except no chief diplomat
Roles of Leader HELP JED C Head of state, chief Executive,
Legislative leader, Party leader, Judicial leader, Economic leader, chief Diplomat, Commander-in-Chief
Appointed by the Governor, more of an advisory role
Cabinet Appointed by the President, approved by the Senate, runs executive departments
Elected officials running key executive departments, do not answer to the governor
Council of State None. The executive department secretaries report to the President
Recall Removal process impeachment
Council of StateCouncil of State
Executive department heads elected by Executive department heads elected by the people of the state.the people of the state.
These individuals are different from the These individuals are different from the governor’s or president’s cabinet in that governor’s or president’s cabinet in that they are directly elected by the people they are directly elected by the people and therefore actually limit the governor’s and therefore actually limit the governor’s powers.powers.
Examples: Secretary of Insurance, etc.Examples: Secretary of Insurance, etc.
MayorMayor
Head of executive Head of executive branch in each citybranch in each city
New Hanover New Hanover County’s Mayor = County’s Mayor = Bill SaffoBill Saffo
General AssemblyGeneral Assembly
North Carolina’s State LegislatureNorth Carolina’s State Legislature Creates NC’s local governments and Creates NC’s local governments and
decides what authority and responsibility decides what authority and responsibility they havethey have
City CouncilCity Council
Local form of gov’tLocal form of gov’t Elected officials sit on city’s councilElected officials sit on city’s council Make decisions for the cityMake decisions for the city