Date post: | 13-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | malcolm-ball |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Class Slides Set 21
Tools and Technologies I
Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Tools and TechnologiesTools and Technologies
•lithic (stone)
•bone, tooth, horn / antler
Tools and TechnologiesTools and Technologies
•lithic (stone)
•bone, tooth, horn / antler
http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo/glossary.htm
GlossaryGlossary
osteo = "bone"
donto = "tooth"
keratic = "horn"
osteodontokeratic
GlossaryGlossary
osteo = "bone"
osteodontokeratic
Harappa (c. 3300-2800 B.C.)p. 466
Magdalenian bone artifact.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 332.
GlossaryGlossary
osteo = "bone"
donto = "tooth"
osteodontokeratic
http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/ask/a6.htm
GlossaryGlossary
osteo = "bone"
donto = "tooth"
keratic = "horn"
osteodontokeratic
Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife,
with inset flint blades.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.
Devon Island, High Arctic Canada.http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html
Tools and TechnologiesTools and Technologies
•lithic (stone)
•bone, tooth, horn / antler
Stone Tools and TechnologiesStone Tools and Technologies
• basic types
• basic techniques of manufacture
• basic tool uses
• Upper Paleolithic traditions
lithic
tools
Stone Tools and TechnologiesStone Tools and Technologies
• basic types
• basic techniques of manufacture
• basic tool uses
• Upper Paleolithic traditions
lithic
tools
GlossaryGlossary
tradition
horizon
GlossaryGlossary
similarity of elements over considerable time in a delimited area
– site, locality or region
tradition
Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
UpperPaleolithictraditions
(SW France)
p. 330Upper
Paleolithictraditions
(SW France)
Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 132.
Solutrean
Solutrean blade.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
Solutrean blade.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
Source: Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 132.
Magdalenian
http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 331.
Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.
GlossaryGlossary
tradition
horizon
GlossaryGlossary
similarity of elements over a large area during a “short” time span
horizon
Time line for New World Civililzations.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 479.
GlossaryGlossary
characteristic item that marks an identifiable horizon
horizon marker
Toltec-style serpentine columns and Chacmool. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 491.
Toltecserpentine
columns
Toltecchacmool
GlossaryGlossary
flake tools
core tools
GlossaryGlossary
flake tools
the smaller pieces struck off of a stone
Core and flake.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
Major types of North American Paleo-Indian projectile points.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 386.
Clovis Folsom Plano Dalton
Burin. Solutrean blade.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
GlossaryGlossary
what is left over after a flake has been struck off
of a stone
core
Core and flake.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
Stone Tools and TechnologiesStone Tools and Technologies
• basic types
• basic techniques of manufacture
• basic tool uses
• Upper Paleolithic traditions
lithic
tools
#1
pebble
tools
GlossaryGlossary
rounded stone (pebble) struck with a similar stone (hammerstone),which creates a jagged edge,
that serves as a chopping edge
pebble toolsaka “choppers”
Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 298.
sometimes
pebble tools
are also
known
as
“Oldowan
choppers”
http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/oldowanstonetools.htm
#2
Core and flake
tools
are
“bifacial
handaxes”
GlossaryGlossary
• Clactonian (flake)
• Acheulean (core)
• Abbevillian (core)
Lower Paleolithic European and African
bifacial hand axes
GlossaryGlossary
• Clactonian (flake)
• Acheulean (core)
• Abbevillian (core)
Lower Paleolithic European and African
bifacial hand axes
bifacial
handaxesAbbevillian
aka “primitive”hand axes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/
Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 115.
GlossaryGlossary
• Clactonian (flake)
• Acheulean (core)
• Abbevillian (core)
Lower Paleolithic European and African
bifacial hand axes
Acheulean
bifacial
handaxes
Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 298.
Acheulian biface (“hand axe”).
Richard Effland, Maricopa College
Acheulian biface (“hand axe”).
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.
Acheulian tools, mainly hand axes, from Olorgesailie, Kenya.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.
GlossaryGlossary
• Clactonian (flake)
• Acheulean (core)
• Abbevillian (core)
Lower Paleolithic European and African
bifacial hand axes
http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/
http://www.dartfordarchive.org.uk/early_history/magnified/clactonian_flake_tools.html
#3 bladetools
GlossaryGlossary
•a flake tool that is at least twice as long as it is wide
•a thin-edged fragment removed from a core
blade tool
Burin. Solutrean blade.Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
Solutrean blade.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/cloviswheredidcomefrompage2.htm
GlossaryGlossary
having a notched edge or sawlike teeth
serrated
GlossaryGlossary
with a furrow or groove
fluted
Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 112.
fluting
#4 microliths
GlossaryGlossary
small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core
“micro” = “small” “lith” = “stone”
microliths
Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 213.
GlossaryGlossary
made of several partse.g., harpoon, sickle, hammer . . .
compound(composite)
European Mesolithic stone axe in its antler sleeve,
Shaped to fit into the socket of a missing wooden handle.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 389.
Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife,
with inset flint blades.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 393.Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.
GlossaryGlossary
with a “handle”
hafted
Clovis fluted points in simulated mountings.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 384.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1766683.stm
Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 106.
Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.
Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.
GlossaryGlossary
“spear thrower” (Nahuatl, Aztec)
atlatl
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 331.
Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.
#5 choppercopping
andflaketools
GlossaryGlossary
“chopper-chopping [flake] tools” . . .
Movius Line
Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed, p. 334.
Movius Line
To Class Slides Set 22
Next: Tools and Technologies II
Making and Using Lithic Tools