Classification and Properties of Matter

Matter Classification TreeMatter

Pure Substance Mixture

Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous

-Gold -Water -Air -Salad

-Neon -Sugar -Gasoline -Mud

Physical Properties• These include hardness, density,

shape, melting/boiling point, phase (solid, liquid, gas)

How does temperature change when matter changes state?

Physical changes

• Physical change- may involve a change in state (ex. solid to liquid), or change in size, shape, or energy

• Examples of physical changes are filtering, evaporation, ripping paper, melting, dissolving**The chemical identity of the object is

unchanged (ex. ripped paper is still paper)

Chemical Properties

• Describe how a substance transforms when it reacts with other substances

• Can only be seen during a chemical reaction

• During a chemical reaction , a substance is changed into something else; This is a chemical change

• Ex. Hydrogen and Oxygen combine to form water 2H2 + O2 2H2O

Chemical Changes• Occur on a small scale (molecular level)• Chemical change- new substance is

formed; products are different from the reactants

• Chemical changes include: burning, dissolving w/ acid, rusting

• Rust:

4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

Physical or Chemical?• Grapes turn to wine - Chemical

• Water boils- Physical

• An egg is fried on the sidewalk- Chemical

• Film is developed- Chemical

• Wood burns- Chemical

• Blending fruit for a smoothie- Physical

• Mixing Kool-Aid and water- Physical

• Grass grows- Both!