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Classification of Living Things
• Living species are placed into groups based on their observed characteristics.
• They are usually NOT placed into groups based on their habitat, their behavior, or their common names.
6 Kingdoms of Living Things
• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
Bacteria are classified by SHAPE and BIOCHEMICALS
Protista are classified by cell structures like cilia and flagella
Fungi are classified by how they make SPORES
LifeCycle
Plants are classified by VASCULAR tissue & REPRODUCTIVE structures
MOSS (and relatives) has NO vascular tissue.
All other plant groups DO have vascular tissue
Life Cycle
Ferns reproduce with SPORES, not seeds
Life Cycle
Conifers have seeds in CONES
CONES are male or female
Life Cycle
ANGIOSPERMS are flowering plants
Life Cycle
Flowering plants can be MONOCOTS or DICOTS
A COTYLEDON is a seed part
Animal Phyla
• Porifera (sponges)
• Cnidaria (jellyfish)
• Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
• Nematoda (roundworms)
• Annelida (segmentedworms)• Mollusca (snails, clams, squid)
• Arthropoda (insects, crabs)
• Echinodermata (starfish)
• Chordata (vertebrates)
Phylum Porifera: the Sponges
Phylum Spongebobius:
Porifera are heterotrophic cells that group together
Phylum Cnidaria: all members have stinging cells and one body opening
Sponge Bob walking his jellyfish
Phylum Cnidaria: corals and jellyfish
Phylum Platyhelminthes….the flatworms
They all have one body opening and a HEAD
(CEPHALIZATION)
Phylum Nematoda: the roundworms
All members of this group have TWO body openings
Phylum Annelida: the segmented worms
Phylum Mollusca:
All have a MANTLE which can produce “shell”
Phylum Arthropoda:
All have an exoskeleton made of protein
Phylum Echinodermata: Starfish and relatives
All have spiny skin and TUBE FEET
Phylum Chordata
All have:
Dorsal nerve cord
Pharyngeal gill structures
MOST have a backbone (vertebrae)
Phylum Chordata with no backbone
Phylum Chordata: Class Chondrichthyes
Phylum Chordata: Class Osteichthyes
Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia
Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia
Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia
Phylum Chordata, Class Aves
How did this happen?
• Write a story that explains these observations:
• DDT is an insect poison invented in 1941. When it was sprayed on mosquitoes in Savannah in 1942, 99% of mosquitoes died.
• When DDT was sprayed in Savannah in 1966, only 61% of the mosquitoes died.
• DDT is no longer used to control mosquitoes in Savannah