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PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case

M I C R O B I O L O G Ya n i n t r o d u c t i o n

ninth edition TORTORA FUNKE CASE

Part A10Classification of Microorganisms

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Taxonomy

Taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms

Provides universal names for organisms

Provides a reference for identifying organisms

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Taxonomy

Systematics or phylogeny: The study of the

evolutionary history of organisms.

All Species Inventory (2001-2025)

To identify all species of life on Earth

Possibly as many as 10 to 100 million with fewer

than 10% discovered (1.7 million)

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Taxonomy

1735 Plant and Animal Kingdoms

1857 Bacteria and fungi put in the Plant Kingdom

1866 Kingdom Protista proposed for bacteria, protozoa,

algae, and fungi

1937 Prokaryote introduced for cells "without a nucleus"

1959 Kingdom Fungi

1961 Prokaryote defined as cells in which nucleoplasm is

not surrounded by a nuclear membrane

1968 Kingdom Monera proposed

1978 Two types of prokaryotic cells found

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The Three-Domain System

Table 10.1

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The Three-Domain System

Figure 10.1

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Endosymbiotic Theory

Figures 10.2, 10.3

Cyanophora paradoxa

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Scientific Binomial Source of Genus Name

Source of Specific Epithet

Klebsiella pneumoniae Honors Edwin Klebs The disease

Pfiesteria piscicida Honors Lois Pfiester Disease in fish

Salmonella typhimurium Honors Daniel Salmon Stupor (typh-) in mice (muri-)

Streptococcus pyogenes

Chains of cells (strepto-)

Forms pus (pyo-)

Penicillium chrysogenum

Tuftlike (penicill-) Produces a yellow (chryso-) pigment

Trypanosoma cruzi Corkscrew-like (trypano-, borer; soma-, body)

Honors Oswaldo Cruz

Scientific Names

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Taxonomic Hierarchy

Figure 10.5

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Species Definition

Eukaryotic species: A group of closely related

organisms that breed among themselves

Prokaryotic species: A population of cells with similar

characteristics

Clone: Population of cells derived from a single cell

Strain: Genetically different cells within a clone

Viral species: Population of viruses with similar

characteristics that occupies a particular ecological

niche

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Domain Eukarya

Animalia: Multicellular; no cell walls;

chemoheterotrophic

Plantae: Multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually

photoautotrophic

Fungi: Chemoheterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular;

cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal

fragments

Protista: A catchall for eukaryotic organisms that do

not fit other kingdoms

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Identification Methods

Morphological

characteristics:

Useful for identifying

eukaryotes

Differential staining:

Gram staining, acid-

fast staining

Biochemical tests:

Determines presence

of bacterial enzymesFigure 10.8

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“Enterotube II”

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Enterotube II

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