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Best Practices in Hoarding and Clutter Intervention Karen Poffenroth Hoarding Intervention Specialist I&II Mental Health Specialist The Alex Pathways to Housing CLEANING HOUSE
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Page 1: Cleaning House (Hoarding) Poffenrothstatic.squarespace.com/static/513e08bfe4b0b5df0ec... · • A Poker Face • Your reaction the first time you look at the clutter will determine

Best Practices in Hoarding and Clutter Intervention

Karen  PoffenrothHoarding  Intervention  Specialist  I&II

Mental  Health  SpecialistThe  Alex  Pathways  to  Housing  

CLEANING HOUSE

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What Is Hoarding?• 1. The excessive accumulation of things or animals and/or the failure to discard proportionately; in the case of animals the failure to provide adequate care. 

• 2. Activities of daily living are impaired by spaces which cannot be used for their intended purpose

• 3. Distress or impairment in functioning is caused to the person hoarding or others 

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Cycle of Acquisition 

• Acquire• ↓• Use• ↓• Consider Discarding• ↓• Evaluate value and alternate uses• ↓• Obsessional thoughts “kick in”• ↓• Save • ↓• Don’t have to think about it for now• ↓• Anxiety is relieved• ↓• Acquire 

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Common Hoarding• Specialist 

• hoards one specific thing• ex: paper, mechanical parts, etc.

• Generalist• will hoard anything or everything 

• 3 Saving Patterns seen in Generalist Hoarding• Instrumental

• Sentimental

• Aesthetic

1‐2% of general population 

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Animal Hoarding

• an individual amasses a large number of animals (sometimes more than 100); 

• fails to provide for the animals' most basic physical and social needs, including food, water, shelter, veterinary care, and sanitary living conditions; 

• is usually in extreme denial about the abysmal living conditions of their animals, and dwelling

• Animal Hoarders see themselves as “saving” the animals, often believe that “no one else can/will care for them” 

• Animal Hoarders have typically experienced some form of abuse, neglect, or abandonment in their lives 

88/100,000 of the general population

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Three Paths to Hoarding Behavior

• Nature and/or Nurture • 84% of hoarders have a family member who hoards

• There are chromosomal markers associated with hoarding 

• Modeling behavior arises from family of origin

• Having a high‐risk co‐morbid condition• Axis I Mental Illness• Some Axis II Disorders• Addictions• Cognitive Deficits

• Chronically overwhelmed and vulnerable• “Shut Down” when overwhelmed• Default behavior when stressed is acquisition (filling the void) or desensitizing  (substance use)

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Significant Traumatic Life Events linked to Hoarding Behavior 

• Losses • family, friends, loved ones, pets, things

• Assaults • physical, sexual, emotional, privacy, betrayal of trust, child/adolescent sexual abuse

• Deprivation • physical, emotional, privacy, personal space, mental space, respect, sexual deprivation, betrayal of trust

• Loss of Place Preferred • moving, eviction, homelessness

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Hoarding Behavior

Nature and/or Nurture

Cognitive Deficits

Overwhelmed and Vulnerable

Traumatic Life Events

Axis II

Axis I

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Clutter Blindness and Churning 

• Hoarders actually become blinded to their level of clutter/hoarding, they literally do not see the clutter

• This is a protective mechanism and is partly why hoarders can become overwhelmed when confronting the need for a clean up

• When a hoarder is looking for something, the often resort to churning

• This adds to the disorganization and chaos 

• When a clean‐up is initiated, the hoarder will most likely complain because they can’t find anything – they have become so desensitized to the clutter level that they don’t see it until you start cleaning, then they blame the cleaning for the disorganization and may use this as an excuse to discontinue clean up 

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Intervention

Step One:• Assess the risk and respond accordingly:

• Risk to the client, neighbors/other tenants, “responders” (EMS, Police, Fire Dept), Staff,  Program

• Who else needs to assess based on what you discover? (ex: Fire Marshall, Landlord)

• Can we do a hoarding intervention, or is the risk too great? 

Step Two: • Create the team

• Who will handle the mental health/counseling aspect? 

• Who will assist with the physical clean‐up?• Do we need outside help?• Are there natural supports that we can access?• Who will handle aftercare?  

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The Hoarding Intervention Team 

• Bad News Bear • Authority figure who provides pressure to change

• Gives client a deadline and guidelines for cleaning

• Intervention Therapist• Initiates motivational interviewing to enhance desire to change

• Handles behavioral therapy, deals with triggers and traumatic responses

• Supports client throughout cleaning and handles aftercare

• Clutter Coach• Enthusiastic, hopeful, “cheerleader”• Assists with sorting, cleaning• Accompanies client on “non‐acquisition trips”

• Grunt Labor• Assists with hauling, cleaning, removing and disposing 

• ** ALL removal initiated by client  

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Key Skills for the Intervention Team  

• Motivational Interviewing• Ambivalence• Discrepancy• Reflections

• An Open Mind• The client hoards for a reason, you need to understand that their possessions are truly valuable to them 

• A Poker Face• Your reaction the first time you look at the clutter will determine the success of your intervention 

• Firm Boundaries • No means no, there is NO changing your mind

• Open Communication• The entire intervention team MUST be on the same page  

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Hoarders are often immobilized by anxiety at the thought of discarding

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy• Exposure Therapy• Have the client identify one type of thing that should be removed, or one target area • Make sure that each target is small enough to be completed in one session 

• Slowly handle the removal together• Check in with the client at each stage to explore anxiety level (rate 1 to 10)

• Explore and address catastrophization on an ongoing basis • what is the worst thing that could happen if you discard this?

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Don’t remove items without the client’s express consent

Don’t just clean up

• Some hoarders identify with their possessions to the point that having someone touch their things is like having their own body touched or invaded

• If you fracture the client’s trust by removing items that they have not agreed to, it will be nearly impossible to regain it 

• You can’t make assumptions about the grouping of objects, because you will not be able to understand the hoarder’s patterns 

• Hoarding intervention is about changing the client’s relationship to their possessions

• If a clean sweep is done of a hoarder’s unit without proper preparation, counseling, and aftercare, the hoarder will typically acquire twice as much stuff in half the time…

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Guidelines for Removal 

• When the client consents to removal, it needs to be accomplished immediately, or the items will be absorbed back into the hoard

• Removed items must be taken far off site for disposal/donation or the client will retrieve them or purchase them again

• If a client has agreed to “donate” items and they are found to be unsuitable (soiled, infested, poor condition, etc.) the client must not see these items being discarded 

• Allow enough time for a multi‐stage removal trip• Fill van/truck/etc. • Go to pawn shop etc. to sell items• Donate unsalable items• Recycle un‐donatable items• Discard non‐recyclable items 

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Instrumental Saving Pattern

• just in case” (morally based – waste is seen as wrong)

• The item MUST be saved because it could be useful in the future….if not for me, then for someone else 

• The “someone else” is usually unknown• The item cannot be disposed of because of the potential resale value 

• Sort belongings by intended use • Sell• Give Away• Recycle

• Appeal to the client’s caring nature to increase donate/give away items

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Sentimental Saving Pattern

• Grief based• “this means too much to part with it”• The items evoke happy memories • As long as the items are kept, the person or experience isn’t lost 

• As objects are representational, find objects that represent the most number of things in the least space

• Make a quilt out of the clothing collection

• Scan the photos and load into a digital frame

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Aesthetic Saving Pattern 

• Pleasure based• “I LOVE this”• The items have particular characteristics and are desired because they prompt a response not unlike a pleasure response

• Everything I own is special and unique, so I don’t know how to organize 

• Organize based on aesthetic principles• Display items 

• Combine items to create an integrated whole• Collage

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Compulsive Hoarding and Acquiring; Therapists Guide by Gail Steketee and Randy O. Frost (Dec 7, 2006) 

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References 

• Compulsive Hoarding and Acquiring; Therapists Guide• Gail Steketee and Randy O. Frost • 2006

• Compulsive Hoarding and Acquiring: Workbook• Gail Steketee and Roandy O. Frost • 2006

• Hoarding Intervention Training• Level I & II• Elaine Birchall• www.hoarding.ca 

• All images retrieved from google.com 

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QUESTIONS? 


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