CO2 Dragster ProjectCO2 Dragster Project

Mr. PrestiMr. Presti

Northport Middle School Northport Middle School TechnologyTechnology

About the ProjectAbout the Project

Students will convert a wedged shape Students will convert a wedged shape piece of wood (about 12” in length) into a piece of wood (about 12” in length) into a sleek racecar body using hand or power sleek racecar body using hand or power tools. Paint, wheels are added to make the tools. Paint, wheels are added to make the car race worthy.car race worthy.

The cars speed down the track and cross The cars speed down the track and cross the finish line in speeds less than one the finish line in speeds less than one second.second.

About the Project ContinuedAbout the Project Continued

Students will follow guidelines or Students will follow guidelines or restrictions that are given out by the restrictions that are given out by the teacher.teacher.

Students will use a Design Process to Students will use a Design Process to follow when building their CO2 follow when building their CO2 Dragster. (we will discuss later in Dragster. (we will discuss later in project)project)

COCO2 2 Powered DragsterPowered Dragster

What do we use to power our What do we use to power our dragster?dragster?

Compressed C02 – Carbon Dioxide

Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide

Inorganic compound, a colorless gas with a Inorganic compound, a colorless gas with a faint, sharp odor and a sour taste when faint, sharp odor and a sour taste when dissolved in water, chemical formula CO2. dissolved in water, chemical formula CO2.

About 0.03% of air by volume, it is About 0.03% of air by volume, it is produced when carbon-containing produced when carbon-containing materials burn completely and from materials burn completely and from fermentation and animal respiration. Plants fermentation and animal respiration. Plants use CO2 in photosynthesis to make use CO2 in photosynthesis to make carbohydrates. carbohydrates.

Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide

Under pressure it becomes a liquid, the Under pressure it becomes a liquid, the form most used in industry. form most used in industry.

If the liquid is allowed to expand, it cools If the liquid is allowed to expand, it cools and partially freezes to the solid form, dry and partially freezes to the solid form, dry ice. ice.

It is used as a refrigerant, chemical It is used as a refrigerant, chemical intermediate, and inert atmosphere; in fire intermediate, and inert atmosphere; in fire extinguishers, foaming rubber and extinguishers, foaming rubber and plastics, carbonated beverages plastics, carbonated beverages

ForceForce

Force is simply a Force is simply a push or a pull.push or a pull.

When F = 0 an object When F = 0 an object at rest will stay at at rest will stay at rest or an object in rest or an object in motion will stay in motion will stay in motion.motion.

When F > 0 an object When F > 0 an object will accelerate(a) in will accelerate(a) in ratio to the objects ratio to the objects mass(m).mass(m). F = m x a

MassMass MassMass is the amount of matter in an object. is the amount of matter in an object. It has no direction associated with it.It has no direction associated with it. Mass stays the same no matter what force Mass stays the same no matter what force

is acting on the object.is acting on the object. WeightWeight is the force of the earth's gravity is the force of the earth's gravity

that is acting on object’s mass. that is acting on object’s mass.

Weight = Mass x Gravity

AccelerationAcceleration Acceleration is simply the increase of speed or velocity of an Acceleration is simply the increase of speed or velocity of an

object.object. If an object is not changing its velocity than it is not accelerating.If an object is not changing its velocity than it is not accelerating.

What are some examples of something that is accelerating in What are some examples of something that is accelerating in speed?speed?

                                               

Kinetic EnergyKinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object which has motion - whether it be object which has motion - whether it be vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic energy. energy.

Like work and potential energy, the standard Like work and potential energy, the standard metric units of measurement for kinetic metric units of measurement for kinetic energy is the Joule. energy is the Joule.

Potential EnergyPotential Energy

An object can store energy as the result of its position. For An object can store energy as the result of its position. For example, the heavy ram of a pile driver is storing energy example, the heavy ram of a pile driver is storing energy when it is held at an elevated position. This stored energy when it is held at an elevated position. This stored energy of position is referred to as potential energy. of position is referred to as potential energy.

PE = mgh

PE = Energy (in Joules) m = mass (in kilograms) g = gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8 m/sec2) h = height above earth's surface (in meters)

Sources of EnergySources of Energy Internal Combustion EngineInternal Combustion Engine Steam EngineSteam Engine Rocket EngineRocket Engine Mechanical EnergyMechanical Energy Electric MotorElectric Motor Gas turbineGas turbine

Internal Combustion EngineInternal Combustion Engine

Steam EngineSteam Engine

Rocket EngineRocket Engine

Mechanical EnergyMechanical Energy

Electric MotorElectric Motor

Gas TurbineGas Turbine

If a CO2 dragster with a mass of 1 If a CO2 dragster with a mass of 1 kilogram is moving at 15 meters per kilogram is moving at 15 meters per second what is its kinetic energy?second what is its kinetic energy?

Kinetic Energy = ½ Kinetic Energy = ½ MVMV22

Force = Mass x Acceleration

If a CO2 dragster with a mass of 1 kilogram is accelerating 20 meters per second what is the force being provided by the CO2 cartridge?

Newton’s LawsNewton’s Laws 11stst law-law-If an object is at If an object is at

rest, it tends to stay at rest, rest, it tends to stay at rest, and if an object is in motion, and if an object is in motion, it tends to stay in motion at a it tends to stay in motion at a constant velocity until an constant velocity until an outside force affects the outside force affects the object's state of inertiaobject's state of inertia..

Also known as law of inertiaAlso known as law of inertia

Newton’s 2Newton’s 2ndnd Law Law

If an unbalanced force acts on an If an unbalanced force acts on an object, the object accelerates in object, the object accelerates in the direction of the force. The the direction of the force. The acceleration varies directly with acceleration varies directly with the unbalanced force. The the unbalanced force. The acceleration varies inversely acceleration varies inversely with the mass of the object. with the mass of the object.

F = maF = ma

Newton’s 3Newton’s 3rdrd Law Law

for every action force, there for every action force, there exists a reaction force that is exists a reaction force that is equal in magnitude but equal in magnitude but opposite in directionopposite in direction

Newton's third law states that for Newton's third law states that for every action force there is an every action force there is an opposite and equal reaction force. opposite and equal reaction force.

Goal – The most efficient Goal – The most efficient dragsterdragster

Efficiency is the relationship between Efficiency is the relationship between energy input and energy output. energy input and energy output.

Efficiency is expressed as a Efficiency is expressed as a percentage. The more efficient a percentage. The more efficient a system, the less energy that is lost system, the less energy that is lost within that system. within that system.

What causes your dragster to What causes your dragster to lose of energy?lose of energy?

DragDrag FrictionFriction Excess MassExcess Mass

DragDrag

When the CO2 dragster travels down When the CO2 dragster travels down the track, its frontal area pushes the track, its frontal area pushes against the air in front of it, and air against the air in front of it, and air flowing over the body causes friction. flowing over the body causes friction. This is known as This is known as dragdrag. .

How do we reduce drag?

FrictionFriction

Friction is a force that Friction is a force that is created whenever is created whenever two surfaces move or two surfaces move or try to move across try to move across each other. each other.

Friction always Friction always opposes the motion or opposes the motion or attempted motion of attempted motion of one surface across one surface across another surface. another surface. How do we reduce friction?

Excess MassExcess Mass The more mass a The more mass a

dragster has, the dragster has, the slower the slower the acceleration.acceleration.

The force will be The force will be the same for all the same for all dragsters. It is dragsters. It is provided by the provided by the CO2 cartridge. CO2 cartridge.

How do we reduce mass?

Dragster Design ProcessDragster Design Process 1) Clarify the problem1) Clarify the problem 2) Research and investigate2) Research and investigate 3)Generate design3)Generate design 4) Choose a solution4) Choose a solution 5) Develop a prototype5) Develop a prototype 6) Test and evaluate6) Test and evaluate 7) Redesign the solution7) Redesign the solution

VocabularyVocabulary

Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide ForceForce MassMass WeightWeight AccelerationAcceleration VelocityVelocity Kinetic EnergyKinetic Energy Potential EnergyPotential Energy

RefrigerantRefrigerant Internal Internal

Combustion EngineCombustion Engine PhysicsPhysics EfficiencyEfficiency DragDrag FrictionFriction InertiaInertia